Leon County, Florida

Leon County is a county in the Panhandle of the U.S. state of Florida. It was named after the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León. As of the 2010 census, the population was 275,487.[2]

Leon County
U.S. county
Leon County Courthouse
Flag
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Florida
Florida's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 30°28′N 84°17′W
Country United States
State Florida
FoundedDecember 29, 1824
Named forJuan Ponce de León
SeatTallahassee
Largest cityTallahassee
Area
 • Total702 sq mi (1,820 km2)
 • Land667 sq mi (1,730 km2)
 • Water35 sq mi (90 km2)  5.0%%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2019)
293,582[1]
 • Density435/sq mi (168/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts2nd, 5th
Websitewww.leoncountyfl.gov

The county seat is Tallahassee,[3] which is also the state capital and home to many politicians, lobbyists, jurists, and attorneys.

Leon County is included in the Tallahassee metropolitan area. Tallahassee is home to two of Florida's major public universities, Florida State University and Florida A&M University, as well as Tallahassee Community College. Together these institutions have a combined enrollment of more than 70,000 students annually, creating both economic and social effects.

History
Main article: History of Leon County

Originally part of Escambia and later Gadsden County, Leon County was created in 1824.[4] It was named after Juan Ponce de León, the Spanish explorer who was the first European to reach Florida.[5]

The United States finally acquired this territory in the 19th century. In the 1830s, it attempted to conduct Indian Removal of the Seminole and Creek peoples, who had migrated south to escape European-American encroachment in Georgia and Alabama. After many Seminole were forcibly removed from the area or moved south to the Everglades during the Seminole Wars, planters developed cotton plantations based on enslaved labor.

By the 1850s and 1860s, Leon County had become part of the Deep South's "cotton kingdom". It ranked fifth of all Florida and Georgia counties in cotton production from the 20 major plantations. Uniquely among Confederate capitals east of the Mississippi River, in the American Civil War Tallahassee was never captured by Union forces. No Union soldiers set foot in Leon County until the Reconstruction Era.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 702 square miles (1,820 km2), of which 667 square miles (1,730 km2) are land and 35 square miles (91 km2) (5.0%) are water.[6] Unlike much of Florida, most of Leon County has rolling hills, as part of Florida's Red Hills Region. The highest point is 280 feet (85 m), in the northern part of the county.

Geology
Geological make-up of Leon County

Leon County encompasses basement rock composed of basalts of the Triassic and Jurassic from ~251 to 145 million years ago interlayered with Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. The layers above the basement are carbonate rock created from dying foraminifera, bryozoa, mollusks, and corals from as early as the Paleocene, a period of ~66—55.8 Ma.[7]

During the Eocene (~55.8—33.9 Ma) and Oligocene (~33.9—23 Ma), the Appalachian Mountains began to uplift and the erosion rate increased enough to fill the Gulf Trough with quartz sands, silts, and clays via rivers and streams. The first sedimentation layer in Leon County is the Oligocene Suwannee Limestone in the southeastern part of the county as stated by the United States Geological Survey and Florida Geological Survey.[8]

The Early Miocene (~23.03—15.7 Ma) sedimentation in Leon County is Hawthorn Group, Torreya Formation and St. Marks Formation and found in the northern two-thirds of the county.

The Pliocene (~5.332—2.588 Ma) is represented by the Miccosukee Formation scattered within the Torreya Formation.

Sediments were laid down from the Pleistocene epoch (~2.588 million—12 000 years ago) through Holocene epoch (~12,000—present) and are designated Beach ridge and trail and undifferentiated sediments.

Terraces and shorelines

During the Pleistocene, what would be Leon County emerged and submerged with each glacial and interglacial period. Interglacials created the county's topography.

Also See Leon County Pleistocene coastal terraces

Also see: Florida Platform and Lithostratigraphy

Geologic formations

Paleontology

Three sites in Leon County have yielded fossil remnants of the Miocene epoch.

National protected area

Bodies of water

Adjacent counties

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18306,494—
184010,71365.0%
185011,4426.8%
186012,3437.9%
187015,23623.4%
188019,66229.0%
189017,752−9.7%
190019,88712.0%
191019,427−2.3%
192018,059−7.0%
193023,47630.0%
194031,64634.8%
195051,59063.0%
196074,22543.9%
1970103,04738.8%
1980148,65544.3%
1990192,49329.5%
2000239,45224.4%
2010275,48715.0%
2019 (est.)293,582[9]6.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12]
1990-2000[13] 2010-2019[2]

Race

As of the census[14] of 2010, there were 275,487 people, and 108,592 households residing in the county. The population density was 413.2 people per square mile (159.5/km2). There were 123,423 housing units at an average density of 185 per square mile (71.4/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 63.0% White, 30.3% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 2.2% from two or more races. 5.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Age

There were 108,592 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.8% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 26.3% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.57 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.03 males.

Education

The adult citizens of Leon County enjoy the highest level of education in the state of Florida followed by Alachua County with a total of 67.8%.

Level of Education
LevelLeon Co.FloridaU.S.
Some college or associate degree28.5%28.8%27.4%
Bachelor's Degree24.0%14.3%15.5%
Master's or Ph. D.17.7%8.1%8.9%
Total70.2%51.2%51.8%

Source of above:[15]

Income

The median income for a household in the county was $37,517, and the median income for a family was $52,962. Males had a median income of $35,235 versus $28,110 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,024. About 9.40% of families and 18.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.20% of those under age 18 and 8.20% of those age 65 or over.

Accolades

Law, government, and politics

Politics
Leon County courthouse in Tallahassee; 2007

Following Reconstruction, white Democrats regained power in Leon County and voters have historically voted for Democratic candidates at the national level. Tallahassee is one of the few cities in the South known for progressive activism.

The county has voted Democratic in 24 of the past 29 presidential elections since 1904. (Until the late 1960s, blacks were essentially disenfranchised in Florida and other Southern states.) Since the civil rights era, Tallahassee has elected black mayors and black state representatives.[16] Its political affiliations likely draw from the high number of students, staff, and faculty associated with Florida State University, Florida A&M University, and Tallahassee Community College in Tallahassee, as well as the concentration of government employees.

Leon County has had the highest voter turnout of any Florida county. In the 2008 general election, it had a record-setting voter turnout of 85%, including early voting and voting by mail.[17]

As of October 6, 2020, there were 116,294 Democrats, 57,791 Republicans, and 43,369 voters with other affiliations in Leon County.[18]

Presidential elections results
Presidential election results[19]
Year Republican Democratic Other
2020 35.1% 57,453 63.3% 103,517 1.5% 2,506
2016 35.0% 53,821 59.8% 92,068 5.2% 7,992
2012 37.5% 55,805 61.1% 90,881 1.3% 1,985
2008 37.4% 55,705 61.6% 91,747 1.0% 1,483
2004 37.9% 51,615 61.5% 83,873 0.7% 891
2000 37.9% 39,073 59.6% 61,444 2.6% 2,637
1996 37.0% 33,930 54.6% 50,072 8.4% 7,715
1992 32.9% 31,983 49.1% 47,791 18.0% 17,520
1988 51.4% 36,055 47.7% 33,472 0.9% 631
1984 55.0% 36,325 44.9% 29,683 0.1% 38
1980 43.5% 24,919 49.6% 28,450 6.9% 3,957
1976 44.4% 23,739 53.8% 28,729 1.8% 975
1972 63.7% 27,479 36.1% 15,555 0.2% 92
1968 28.5% 9,288 32.0% 10,440 39.5% 12,878
1964 58.2% 15,181 41.9% 10,927
1960 46.5% 9,079 53.5% 10,433
1956 49.3% 6,828 50.7% 7,022
1952 41.2% 5,604 58.8% 8,000
1948 18.7% 1,149 58.6% 3,607 22.8% 1,405
1944 15.6% 835 84.4% 4,505
1940 9.7% 583 90.4% 5,459
1936 6.8% 277 93.2% 3,770
1932 7.9% 252 92.1% 2,950
1928 24.7% 630 74.1% 1,888 1.2% 31
1924 8.3% 92 85.3% 947 6.4% 71
1920 23.0% 452 71.8% 1,412 5.3% 104
1916 16.3% 191 74.8% 875 8.9% 104
1912 8.4% 56 82.0% 546 9.6% 64
1908 14.9% 143 72.9% 698 12.2% 117
1904 11.4% 84 87.8% 649 0.8% 6
1900 14.0% 162 80.3% 932 5.8% 67
1896 15.5% 247 81.5% 1,298 3.0% 47
1892 100.0% 634 0.0% 0

County representation
Leon County Government
PositionNameParty
Commissioner, At-LargeNick MaddoxDemocratic
Commissioner, At-LargeCarolyn CummingsDemocratic
Commissioner, Dist. 1Bill ProctorDemocratic
Commissioner, Dist. 2Jimbo JacksonDemocratic
Commissioner, Dist. 3Rick MinorDemocratic
Commissioner, Dist. 4Brian WelchDemocratic
Commissioner, Dist. 5Kristin DozierDemocratic
Supervisor of ElectionsMark EarleyNPA
Tax CollectorDoris MaloyDemocratic
Property AppraiserAkin AkinyemiDemocratic
Court ClerkGwen MarshallDemocratic
SheriffWalt McNeilDemocratic
School SuperintendentRocky HannaDemocratic

State representation

Allison Tant (D), District 9, represents Leon County's northern half, including most of Tallahassee. Jason Shoaf (R), District 7, represents the county's southern portion. He won office in a special election.[20] Ramon Alexander (D), District 8, represents a west-central portion of the county.

State Senator

All of Leon County is represented by Loranne Ausley (D), District 3, in the Florida Senate.

U.S. Congressional representation

Leon County is in two congressional districts. Its northern and eastern portion, including 61% of Tallahassee, is part of the 5th Congressional District, a minority-majority district that extends across northern Florida. It is represented by Al Lawson (D). The remainder of the county (the southeastern corner and 39% of Tallahassee), is part of the 2nd Congressional District, represented by Neal Dunn (R).

Consolidation

Leon County voters have gone to the polls four times to vote on consolidation of the Tallahassee and Leon County governments into one jurisdiction.[21] This proposal would combine police and other city services with the already shared (consolidated) Tallahassee Fire Department, Tallahassee/Leon County Planning Department, and Leon County Emergency Medical Services. Tallahassee's city limits would (at current size) increase from 98.2 square miles (254 km2) to 702 square miles (1,820 km2). Roughly 36 percent of Leon County's 250,000 residents live outside the Tallahassee city limits.

Leon County Voting On Consolidation
YearFORAGAINST
197110,381 (41.32%)14,740 (58.68%)
197311,056 (46.23%)12,859 (53.77%)
197620,336 (45.01%)24,855 (54.99%)
199237,062 (39.8%)56,070 (60.2%)

Proponents of consolidation have claimed that the new jurisdiction would attract business by its very size. Merging of governments would cut government waste, duplication of services, etc. Professor Richard Feiock of Florida State University found in a 2007 study that he could not conclude that consolidation would benefit the local economy.[22]

Public services

Leon County Sheriff

The Leon County Sheriff's Office provides police patrol and detective service for the unincorporated part of the county. The sheriff's office also provides court protection and operates the county jail. Fire and emergency medical services are provided by the Tallahassee Fire Department and Leon County Emergency Medical Services.

Tallahassee Police Department

Tallahassee is the only incorporated municipality in Leon County. The Tallahassee Police Department provides its policing. Established in 1826, TPD is the country's third-longest-accredited law enforcement agency.[23]

Education

Higher education
The Westcott Plaza at Florida State University

Florida State University

Florida State University (commonly called Florida State or FSU) is an American public space-grant and sea-grant research university. It has a 1,391.54-acre (5.631-km2) campus in Tallahassee. In 2017, it had nearly 42,000 students. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida. Founded in 1851, it is on Florida's oldest continuous site of higher education.[24][25]

The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.[26] It comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers, facilities, labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study, including professional school programs.[27] The university has an annual budget of over $1.7 billion.[28] Florida State is home to Florida's only National Laboratory, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug Taxol. FSU also operates the John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art, the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the nation's largest museum/university complexes.[29]

FSU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). It is home to nationally ranked programs in many academic areas, including law, business, engineering, medicine, social policy, film, music, theater, dance, visual art, political science, psychology, social work, and the sciences.[30] FSU leads Florida in four of eight areas of external funding for the STEM disciplines.[31]

For 2019, U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida State the country's 26th-best public university.[32]

Florida Governor Rick Scott and the state legislature designated FSU one of two "preeminent" state universities in the spring of 2013 among the 12 universities of the State University System of Florida.[33][34][35]

FSU's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly called the Seminoles, compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The athletics programs are favorites of passionate students, fans and alumni across the country, especially when led by the Marching Chiefs of the Florida State University College of Music. In their 113-year history, the Seminoles have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships.[36]

Florida A&M University
Florida A&M University's Lee Hall Auditorium[37]

Founded on October 3, 1887, Florida A&M University (FAMU) is a public, historically black university that is part of the State University System of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. FAMU's main campus comprises 156 buildings spread over 422 acres (1.7 km2) on top of Tallahassee's highest geographic hill. In 2016 it had more than 9,600 students. FAMU also has several satellite campuses. Its College of Law is at its Orlando site, and its pharmacy program has sites in Miami, Jacksonville and Tampa. FAMU offers 54 bachelor's degrees and 29 master's degrees. It has 12 schools and colleges and one institute.

FAMU has 11 doctoral programs, including ten Ph.D. programs: chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, biomedical engineering, physics, pharmaceutical sciences, educational leadership, and environmental sciences. Top undergraduate programs are architecture, journalism, computer information sciences, and psychology. FAMU's top graduate programs include pharmaceutical sciences, public health, physical therapy, engineering, physics, master's of applied social sciences (especially history and public administration), business, and sociology.

Tallahassee Community College
The Hinson Administration Building at Tallahassee Community College

The Florida Legislature founded Tallahassee Community College in 1966.[38] TCC is a member of the Florida College System. It is accredited by the Florida Department of Education and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Its primary site is a 270-acre (1.092 km2) campus in Tallahassee.

TCC offers Bachelor's of Science, Associate of Arts, Associate of Science, and Associate of Applied Sciences degrees. In 2013, it was 1st in the nation in graduating students with A.A. degrees.[39] TCC is also the nation's #1 transfer school to Florida State University. As of 2015, TCC had 38,017 students.[40]

In partnership with Florida State University, TCC offers the TCC2FSU program. This program provides guaranteed admission to FSU for TCC Associate in Arts degree graduates.[41]

List of other colleges

Primary and secondary education

The Leon County School District administers and operates Leon County's public schools. LCS is operated by a superintendent, 5 board members, and 1 student representative. There are 25 elementary schools, 10 middle schools, seven high schools, eight special/alternative schools, and two charter schools.

List of middle schools
  • Cobb Middle School
  • Deerlake Middle School
  • Fairview Middle School
  • Fort Braden School K - 8
  • Governor's Charter Academy (Charter K–8)
  • Griffin Middle School
  • Holy Comforter Episcopal School (Private PK3–8)
  • Maclay School (Private PK3–12)
  • Montford Middle School
  • Nims Middle School
  • Raa Middle School
  • Success Academy of Tallahassee
  • Swift Creek Middle School
  • Stars Middle School (Charter)
  • School of Arts and Sciences (Charter K–8)
  • Tallahassee School of Math and Science (Charter K–8)
  • Trinity Catholic School (Private PK3–8)
  • Cornerstone Learning Community (Private PK3–8)

List of high schools

Libraries

Leon County operates the Leroy Collins Leon County Public Library, with 7 branches serving the county:[42]

  • Leroy Collins Main Library
  • Northeast Branch Library
  • Eastside Branch Library
  • Dr. B.L. Perry, Jr. Branch Library
  • Lake Jackson Branch Library
  • Woodville Branch Library
  • Jane G. Sauls Fort Braden Branch Library

The Leon County Public Library was renamed in 1993 to honor LeRoy Collins, the 33rd governor of Florida.[43]

History of library services
The James Madison Institute (known as "The Columns") was the first home of the Leon County Free Public Library.

The Carnegie Library of Tallahassee provided library services to the black community before desegregation. It was the first and only public library in Tallahassee until 1955. Philanthropist Andrew Carnegie offered Tallahassee money to build a public library in 1906. According to Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies, the library was built on the FAMU campus because the city refused the donation because it would have to serve the black citizens. "The facility boasted modern amenities such as electricity, indoor plumbing and water supplied by the city. In later years, the Library served as an art gallery, religious center, and in 1976, became the founding home of the Black Archives Research Center and Museum. By functioning both as a repository for archival records and a museum for historical regalia, the center continues to render academic support to educational institutions, civic, political, religious and Museum. By functioning both as a repository for archival records and a museum for historical regalia, the center continues to render academic support to educational institutions, civic, political, religious and social groups, as well as, public and private businesses throughout Florida and the nation."[44] The building was designed by noted architect William Augustus Edwards and was built in 1908. On November 17, 1978, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The Carnegie Library of Tallahassee, which served only the black community, became the only free public library in the city until 1955. According to the Leon County Public Library's website, the American Association of University Women formed the Friends of the Library organization in 1954. The formation of the Friends of the Library was in direct response to the fact that "Tallahassee was the only state capital in the United States not offering free public library service."[45] A year later, the library was established by legislative action and developed by citizens and civic groups. The first Leon County free public library opened on March 21, 1956. The first building to house the library was The Columns, one of the oldest remaining antebellum homes in the Leon County area, at Park Avenue and Adams Street (now the home of the James Madison Institute).

In order to expand library services, the Junior League of Tallahassee donated a bookmobile to the library. The vehicle was later donated to the Leon County Sheriff's Office to be used as a paddywagon for its Road Prison. In 1962, the library moved to the old Elks Club building at 127 North Monroe Street. Public transit in the city of Tallahassee had been desegregated by 1958, but the public library system was only integrated several years later.

In the early 1970s, Jefferson and Wakulla Counties joined the Leon County Public Library System, forming the Leon, Jefferson, and Wakulla County Public Library System. According to the library's website, "Leon County provided administrative and other services to the two smaller counties, while each supported the direct costs of their library services and their share of Leon's administrative costs."[45] In 1975 the system started a branch library in Bond, a predominantly black community on the city's south side. Wakulla County left the library cooperative in 1975 to start its own library system and in 1978 the main library moved to Tallahassee's Northwood Mall. Jefferson County left the library cooperative in 1980 and the library reverted to the Leon County Public Library. In 1989, "ground breaking was held on March 4 for a new $8.5 million main library facility with 88,000 feet of space. The site was next door to the library's original home, The Columns, which had been moved in 1971 to 100 N. Duval."[45] The new library had its grand opening in 1991 and was renamed in 1993 in honor of former Governor LeRoy Collins.

Points of interest

Transportation

Airports

Major highways
See also: List of county roads in Leon County, Florida
The sign for Leon County on State Road 20

Communities

City

Census-designated place

Other unincorporated communities

Defunct entity

See also

References
  1. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Leon County, Florida". www.census.gov. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  2. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 30, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. Publications of the Florida Historical Society. Florida Historical Society. 1908. p. 32.
  5. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 185.
  6. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  7. Geology of Florida, University of Florida Archived 2009-12-28 at the Wayback Machine
  8. "South Florida Information Access (SOFIA) -- USGS Greater Everglades Ecosystems Science". archive.usgs.gov. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  9. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  10. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  11. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  12. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  13. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  14. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  15. "Leon County, FL - county education levels - ePodunk". www.epodunk.com. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  16. Eisenberg, Daniel (1986). "In Tallahassee" (PDF). Journal of Hispanic Philology. 10 (2). pp. 97–101. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014.
  17. "Home - Leon County Supervisor of Elections". www.leonvotes.org. Archived from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  18. "Home - Leon County Supervisor of Elections". www.leonvotes.gov. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  19. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
  20. "Republican Jason Shoaf wins House District 7 special election". Florida Politics. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  21. "Consolidation of City (Tallahassee) & County (Leon) Government" (PDF). Leon County Supervisor of Elections. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
  22. Archived 2007-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
  23. TPD web site
  24. Meginniss, Benjamin A.; Winthrop, Francis B.; Ames, Henrietta O.; Belcher, Burton E.; Paret, Blanche; Holliday, Roderick M.; Crawford, William B.; Belcher, Irving J. (1902). "The Argo of the Florida State College". The Franklin Printing & Publishing Co., Atlanta. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  25. Klein, Barry (July 29, 2000). "FSU's age change: history or one-upmanship?". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
  26. "Florida State University". Classifications. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  27. "Colleges, Schools, Departments, Institutes, and Administrative Units". FSU Departments. Florida State University. April 26, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  28. "Florida State University Board of Trustees Meeting". Learningforlife.capd.fsu.edu. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  29. "The John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art". FSU Departments. The John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art. April 26, 2013. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  30. "Florida State University – College Highlights and Selected National Rankings". Retrieved May 1, 2007.
  31. "FSU Highlights". fsu.edu.
  32. https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/florida-state-university-1489
  33. Call, James (June 10, 2013). "UF, FSU get special designation, more money". The Florida Current. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
  34. "CS/CS/SB 1076: K-20 Education". Flsenate.gov. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  35. "Our Opinion: FSU benefits from pre-eminent status". The Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  36. Joanos, Jim (June 2012). "FSU Athletics Timeline". Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  37. "Lee Hall Auditorium : Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University 2017". Famu.edu. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  38. "Admissions - Tallahassee Community College". www.tcc.fl.edu. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  39. "Associate Degree & Certificate Producers, 2013". Ccweek.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  40. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  41. "Library - Tallahassee Community College". Tcc.fl.edu. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  42. "Leroy Collins Leon County Public Library". Leon County. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
  43. "Governor Thomas LeRoy Collins". LeRoy Collins Leon County Public Library. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  44. "Carrie Meek - James N. Eaton, Sr. Southeastern Regional Black Archives Research Center and Museum" (PDF). Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies. 10 (2): 263–272. 2017.
  45. Leon County. (2002-2016). Library History. Retrieved April 9, 2018, from Leon County Florida Government: http://cms.leoncountyfl.gov/Library/LibraryInformation/Library-History
  46. "Tallahassee's airport goes international". Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  47. Bloxham, Florida. Google Maps. Retrieved 2013-09-04.

Government links/Constitutional offices

Special districts

Judicial branch

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