List of domesticated animals

This page gives a list of domestic animals,[1] also including a list of animals which are or may be currently undergoing the process of domestication and animals that have an extensive relationship with humans beyond simple predation. This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated but captive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, and tameable. In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significant genetic, behavioural and morphological changes from their wild ancestors, while others have changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potential selective breeding. A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, but there is not always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, so there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated.

Archaeozoology has identified three classes of animal domesticates:

  1. Pets (dogs, cats, hamsters, etc.)
  2. Livestock (cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.)
  3. Beasts of burden (horses, camels, donkeys, etc.)[2]

To sort the tables chronologically by date of domestication, refresh your browser window, as clicking the Date column heading will mix CE and BCE dates.

Domesticated animals
Species and subspecies Wild ancestor Date Location of origin Purposes Image Degree and type of domestication Extent in wild vs. captivity Taxon group
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)[3] Extinct Pleistocene population of the gray wolf (Canis lupus spp.)[4] 13000 BCE[5][6] China,[7][8][9]

Europe[6]

 pets, hunting, herding, guarding, pest control, draft, pack, working, show, racing, sport, meat, rescuing, guiding, fighting, service, research, policing, narcotics detection, fiber, truffle harvesting, education, therapy, leather Tame (with exceptions),[10] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes as well Domestic and feral dogs both very common,[10] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common, but not rare 1c Carnivora
Domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) 10000 BCE[11][12][13] Iran milk, meat, fiber, skin, vellum, show, racing, fighting, clearing land, pets, horns, guarding, weed control, manure, lawn mowing Slight physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild, feral populations common 1b Bovidae
Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[14] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[15] 9000 BCE[16][17][18][19] China, Western Asia meat, leather, research, show, racing, fighting, truffle harvesting, pets, tusks, guarding, manure, weed control Some physical changes Common in the wild, much more common in captivity, feral animals common in some areas 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Domestic sheep (Ovis aries)[3] Unknown ancestor,[20] possibly the Armenian mouflon (Ovis gmelini gmelini) 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE[21][22] Anatolia, Iran meat, milk, fiber, leather, pelts, vellum, pets, show, racing, research, guarding, fighting, ornamental, horns, lawn mowing, weed control, hides, manure Some physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
European cattle or taurine cattle (Bos primigenius taurus)[3][23][24] Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)† 8000 BCE[25][26] China,[27] Western Asia meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, guarding, dung, mount, fiber, weed control, lawn mowing Some physical changes Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral cattle fairly common 1b Bovidae
Zebu, Brahman cattle, indicine cattle or humped cattle (Bos primigenius indicus)[3] Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† 8000 BCE India meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, dung, mount, lawn mowing Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, wild relatives extinct 1b Bovidae
Domestic cat or house cat (Felis catus)[3] North African wildcat (Felis lybica lybica)[28] 8000–7500 BCE[28] the Near East pets, meat, pest control, show, pelts, research Tame, some physical changes Very abundant in captivity; true wild cats less abundant, though not rare, feral populations very common 1c Carnivora
Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Indian red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the Grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) 6000 BCE[29] India and Southeast Asia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, show, racing, ornamental, fighting, pest control, pets, guarding, manure, weed control Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes Very common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) 5000 BCE Peru pets, meat, show, racing, research, lawn mowing, weed control, manure Tame, slight physical changes Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia
Domestic donkey or domestic ass (Equus africanus asinus) Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus), Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)[30] 5000 BCE[31][32] Egypt pack, working, plowing, draft, mount, meat, milk, pets, racing, guarding, lawn mowing, manure, weed control Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and as feral animals, wild relatives critically endangered 1e Other mammals
Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Common mallard (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos) 4000 BCE China meat, feathers, eggs, pets, show, ornamental, guarding, pest control, weed control, manure Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild 2a Anseriformes
Domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[3] Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) 4000 BCE India, China, the Philippines working, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, meat, show, racing, milk, horns, dung, lawn mowing Mainly unchanged from the wild animal Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
Dromedary or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)[33] Thomas's camel (Camelus thomasi)†[34] 4000 BCE Arabia, the Horn of Africa pack, hunting, mount, show, milk, meat, pets, urine Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, truly wild dromedaries may be extinct 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus) Extinct unknown population of the wild horse, possibly the tarpan or European wild horse (Equus ferus ferus)†[35] 3500 BCE[36] Kazakhstan milk, meat, working, guiding, servicing, execution, plowing, draft, mount, pack, fighting, show, racing, pets, hair, manure, lawn mowing, weed control Tame, some physical changes, mainly in coloration Common in captivity, very rare in the wild, feral populations common 1e Other mammals
Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mori) Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) 3000 BCE China silk, animal feed, pets Tame/held captive, some physical changes Fairly common in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear 6b Other insects
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) Rock dove (Columba livia) 3000 BCE the Mediterranean Basin show, ornamental, messenger, meat, racing, pets, manure Artificially selected into many varieties, including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds, and fancy plumage breeds Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral populations extremely abundant 2c Columbiformes
Domestic goose and domestic swan goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) Graylag goose (Anser anser) and swan goose (A. cygnoides) 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides[37] Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) meat, eggs, feathers, show, guarding, pest control, pets, weed control, manure Considerable physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Domestic yak (Bos grunniens)[3] Wild yak (Bos mutus) 2500 BCE Tibet, Nepal milk, pack, working, plowing, mount, racing, fighting, show, meat, fiber, guarding, pets, horns, dung Tame, slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) 2500 BCE Central Asia (Afghanistan) milk, pack, mount, show, meat, milk, hair, pets, dung Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Llama (Lama glama)[3] Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[38] 2400 BCE[39] Peru, Bolivia working, draft, pack, meat, show, racing, pets, guarding, weed control, fiber, manure, lawn mowing Slight physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)[3] Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis)[38] 2400 BCE[39] Peru, Bolivia fiber, meat, show, pets, guarding, milk, lawn mowing, weed control, manure Considerable physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris domesticus) West African helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) 2400 BCE[40] Africa meat, eggs, pest control, show, alarming, pets, guarding, manure Mainly unaltered from the wild population Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes
Fuegian dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) date uncertain[41] Argentina, Chile hunting, pets, warmth, guarding Tame, slight physical changes Extinct in captivity, common in the wild 1c Carnivora
Domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) European polecat (Mustela putorius) 1500 BCE[42] Roman North Africa pets, hunting, pest control, show, racing Tame, slight physical changes Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild, feral populations rare 1c Carnivora
Domestic Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) Wild Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata moschata) 700–600 BCE[39] South America meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, guarding, pest control, manure Tame, some physical changes Common in captivity, feral populations are rare 2a Anseriformes
Barbary dove or ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria) African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) 500 BCE North Africa show, pets, meat Slight physical changes Common in both captivity and feral populations 2c Columbiformes
Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) date uncertain Bali, Indonesia meat, milk, show, working, plowing, draft, horns, dung Slight physical changes Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
Gayal (Bos frontalis)[3] Gaur (Bos gaurus) date uncertain Southeast Asia, Northeast India meat, milk, horns, dung Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) 180 CE[39] Mexico meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, pest control, guarding, manure Considerable physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes
Domestic goldfish (Carassius auratus) Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) 300 CE to 400 CE China pets, show, racing, ornamental, pest control Tame/held captive, significant physical changes Very common and abundant in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear 5a Cyprinidae
Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[43] 600 CE[44] Europe pelts, fiber, pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control, manure Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range 1e Other mammals
Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) the 11th century CE Japan ornamental, show, pets Tame/held captive, considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild 5a Cyprinidae
Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) the 15th century CE the Canary Islands, Europe pets, research, show, mining, fighting Slight physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Society finch (Lonchura striata domestica) White-rumped munia (Lonchura striata striata) with some contribution from the Indian silverbill (Euodice malabarica) unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE[45] Japan pets, research, show Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; no longer exists in the wild 2d Passeriformes
Fancy mouse and laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domestica) Western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) 1100 BCE (China), then the 17th century CE (Europe)[46] China pets, research, racing, animal feed Tame, significant physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata);[47] Cauca (P. caucana), Amazon (P. formosa), sailfin (P. latipinna), shortfin (P. mexicana), liberty (P. salvatoris), common (P. sphenops), and Yucatan mollies (P. velifera); Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) Guppy (Poecilia reticulata); Cauca (P. caucana), Amazon (P. formosa), sailfin (P. latipinna), shortfin (P. mexicana), liberty (P. salvatoris), common (P. sphenops), and Yucatan mollies (P. velifera); Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) date uncertain Barbados, Brazil, El Salvador, Guyana, Mexico, Venezuela pets, research, bait, pest control Some physical and behavioral changes, domestication status is a point of contention Common in captivity 5b Other fish
Fancy rat and laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) the 19th century CE[48] the United Kingdom pets, research, show, animal feed Tame, some physical and psychological changes Common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia
Domestic mink (Neovison vison domesticus)[49] American mink (Neovison vison) the 19th century CE North America fur, hunting, pest control, pets
Some physical and psychological changes Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1c Carnivora
Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes amicus) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) the 1950s the Soviet Union, Russia fur, pelts, research, pets Tame, some physical changes Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common 1c Carnivora
Domesticated hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) the 1980s Central and Eastern Africa pets Slight physical changes Common in the wild, somewhat rare in captivity 1e Other mammals
Domesticated striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) the 19th century CE North America pets, pest control, pelts Tame when captive-bred, significant physical changes Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1c Carnivora

Tame and partially domesticated animals

Due to the somewhat unclear outlines of what precisely constitutes domestication, there are some species that may or may not be fully domesticated. There are also species that are extensively used or kept as pets by humans, but are not significantly altered from wild-type animals. Most animals on this second table are at least somewhat altered from wild animals by their extensive interactions with humans, albeit not to the point that they are regarded as distinct forms (therefore no separate wild ancestors are noted). Many could not be released into the wild, or are in some way dependent on humans.

Species and subspecies Wild ancestorDateLocation of originPurposeImageDegree and type of domesticationExtent in wild vs. captivityTaxon group
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) including subspecies Indian (Elephas maximus indicus), Sri Lankan (E. m. maximus), Sumatran (E. m. sumatranus), Bornean (E. m. borneensis), and Syrian elephants (E. m. asurus)†[50][51][52] - 2000 BC (uncertain for E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensis and E. m. asurus)† India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Nepal, Borneo, China, Indochina, Iran mount, working, transportation, hunting, show, racing, fighting, worship, patrol, dung Semi-domesticated (captured from the wild and tamed) Syrian subspecies extinct in captivity and in the wild; other subspecies somewhat common in captivity, but endangered in the wild[53][54] 1e Other mammals
Domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus domesticus) - 3000 BCE Fennoscandia, western Russia (possibly eastern Russia),[55] China, Mongolia meat, milk, transportation, mount, hides, leather, antlers, pets Semi-domesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Gemsbok (Oryx gazella)[56] - date uncertain Southern Africa meat, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Arabian ostrich or Syrian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)†[57] - date uncertain Mesopotamia meat, feathers, eggs, sacrifices Extinct in the wild and in captivity 2f Other birds
Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) - date uncertain the Middle East, Egypt meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas)[58] - date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana)[59] - date uncertain Egypt meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) - 2320–2150 BCE Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifices Held/tame in captivity Small captive population, but nearly extinct in the wild 1b Bovidae
Serval (Leptailurus serval)[60] - date uncertain Egypt pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Caracal (Caracal caracal)[61] - date uncertain Egypt, India, Southern Africa hunting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) including subspecies Northeast African (A. j. soemmeringii), Asiatic (A. j. venaticus) and Southeast African cheetahs (A. j. jubatus)[62][63] - date uncertain Egypt, India, the Middle East, South Africa hunting, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† - date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifices Extinct in the wild and in captivity 1b Bovidae
Syrian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemippus)†[64] - date uncertain Mesopotamia draught Extinct in the wild and in captivity 1e Other mammals
Przewalski's horse or Mongolian wild horse (Equus ferus przewalskii)[65][66][67][68] - date uncertain Kazakhstan mount, milk, meat Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Wood duck (Aix sponsa) - date uncertain North America meat, ornamental, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) - pre-modern China (date uncertain) China ornamental, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) - date uncertain Egypt meat, eggs, ornamental, guarding, pets, feathers Held/tame in captivity Common in captivity, feral populations very common 2a Anseriformes
Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) - ancient Egypt (date uncertain) Egypt pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)[69] - 5000 BCE China pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Common (Genetta genetta),[70] Cape (G. tigrina), pardine (G. pardina) and rusty-spotted genets (G. maculata) - date uncertain Africa pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) including subspecies Chinese (A. c. cerana), Indian (A. c. indica) and Japanese honey bees (A. c. japonica) - date uncertain South Asia, Thailand, Japan, China honey, pollination, wax Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera
Common fallow (Dama dama) and Persian fallow or Mesopotamian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)[71] - 1000 BCE the Mediterranean Basin, the Levant meat, hides, antlers, pets Semi-domesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis)[72][73] - 800 BCE Europe, Asia bloodletting, surgery, therapy, pets, research, saliva Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) - 700–500 BCE[39] Chile, Peru, Mexico dye Held/tame in captivity Very common in the wild 6b Other insects
Indian (Pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (P. muticus) - 500 BCE (uncertain for P. muticus) India, Java show, feathers, meat, ornamental, pets, guarding, pest control Held/tame in captivity Fairly common in the wild 2b Galliformes
Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) - kept in ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain Greece pets, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) including subspecies Indian (P. k. manillensis) and African rose-ringed parakeets (P. k. krameri) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) West Africa, India pets, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Red deer (Cervus elaphus)[74][75]including subspecies Caspian (C. e. maral), Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) - ~0 CE China, Russia, Europe, the United Kingdom, Iran meat, velvet, hides, leather, antlers, pets, milk Captive-bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Roman (Helix pomatia) and Turkish snails (H. lucorum) - 100 CE (uncertain for H. lucorum) Europe meat, pets, shells, slime, eggs Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) - 180 CE Mexico, the Amazon basin honey, wax, pollination, propolis, pets Semi-domesticated 6a Hymenoptera
White cockatoo (Cacatua alba) - the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) China, Indonesia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) including subspecies Triton (C. g. triton) and Eleonora cockatoos (C. g. eleonora) - date uncertain Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) including subspecies citron-crested (C. s. citrinocristata) and Timor cockatoos (C. s. parvula) - date uncertain Sulawesi, the Masalembu Islands, the Tukangbesi Islands, Tanah Jampea, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Timor, the Lesser Sundas, Sumba pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Japanese (Phalacrocorax capillatus), neotropic (P. brasilianus) and great cormorants (P. carbo) - 960 CE (uncertain for P. brasilianus) Japan, China, Peru fishing Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Whooper (Cygnus cygnus), trumpeter (C. buccinator), black-necked (C. melancoryphus) and black swans (C. atratus) - date uncertain Eurasia, North America, South America, Australia meat, ornamental, feathers, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2a Anseriformes
Tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) including subspecies Bewick's (C. c. bewickii) and whistling swans (C. c. columbianus) - date uncertain Russia, North America ornamental, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2a Anseriformes
Mute swan (Cygnus olor) - 1000-1500 CE Europe, the United Kingdom meat, ornamental, feathers, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2a Anseriformes
House cricket (Acheta domesticus) - the 12th century CE Southwestern Asia, China, Japan animal feed, meat, fighting, pets Held in captivity Somewhat common in captivity, very common in the wild 6b Other insects
Common (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quails (C. japonica) - 1100–1900 CE Eurasia, Japan meat, eggs, pets Domesticated in captivity 2b Galliformes
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) - 1200–1500 CE Europe, Asia meat, pets, eggs Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Siamese fighting fish or betta (Betta splendens); Akar (B. akarensis), giant (B. anabantoides), slim (B. bellica), Toba (B. rubra), spotted (B. picta), Krabi mouth-brooding (B. simplex), Penang (B. pugnax), peaceful (B. imbellis), emerald green (B. smaragdina), spotfin (B. macrostoma), and Howong bettas (B. unimaculata) - the 19th century CE (uncertain for B. akarensis, B. anabantoides, B. bellica, B. rubra, B. picta, B. simplex, B. pugnax, B. imbellis, B. smaragdina, B. macrostoma and B. unimaculata) Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo fighting, show, pets Tame/held captive, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes 5b Other fish
Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) - the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) China pets Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Java sparrows from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable Threatened in the wild 2d Passeriformes
Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi) - date uncertain the United States, Sonora meat, feathers, eggs, pets Captive-bred Plumage changes 2b Galliformes
Crested bobwhite (Colinus cristatus) - date uncertain South America meat, eggs, pets Captive-bred 2b Galliformes
European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) - date uncertain Europe pets, singing Captive-bred 2d Passeriformes
Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) and silver-eared mesia (L. argentauris) - date uncertain China, Japan pets, singing Captive-bred 2d Passeriformes
Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) - date uncertain India fighting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Gambian pouched (Cricetomys gambianus), southern giant pouched (C. ansorgei), and Emin's pouched rat (C. emini) - at least 1997,[76] but possibly the early 1990s (uncertain for C. emini and C. ansorgei) Sub-Saharan Africa meat, pets, landmine detection, TB detection, pest control Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) - date uncertain India pets Easy to tame 1d Rodentia
Black (Francolinus francolinus) and gray francolins (F. pondicerianus) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, pets, fighting Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Golden (Chrysolophus pictus) and Lady Amherst's pheasants (C. amherstiae) - date uncertain China ornamental, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Common (Phasianus colchicus) and green pheasants (P. versicolor) - date uncertain Asia, Japan meat, eggs, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Sika deer (Cervus nippon)[77] - date uncertain Japan, China, Taiwan meat, antlers, hides, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) including subspecies East African common (T. o. pattersonianus) and Livingstone's common elands (T. o. livingstonii) - date uncertain Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya meat, milk, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
American (Alligator mississippiensis) and Chinese alligators (A. sinensis)[78] - date uncertain the United States, China pets, meat, hides, teeth, blood Captive-bred Both species once uncommon in the wild; captive breeding has led to the American species recovering across and repopulating much of its range, while the Chinese species is nearly extinct in the wild 3c Other reptiles
Moose (Alces alces)[79] including subspecies Alaskan moose (A. a. gigas) - date uncertain Russia, Finland, Sweden, Alaska research, milk, antlers, mount, draft, transportation, working, meat, hides, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
North African (Struthio camelus camelus) and Masai ostriches (S. c. massaicus) - date uncertain North Africa, West Africa, East Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Other birds
South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis) - the 19th century CE South Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Other birds
Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) - date uncertain Kenya meat, eggs, feathers, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Other birds
Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) - the 1850s Australia pets, show, talking bird Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) - the 1870s Australia pets, show, talking bird Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Major Mitchell's cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri) - date uncertain Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Rocky Mountain (Cervus canadensis nelsoni), Roosevelt's (C. c. roosevelti), tule (C. c. nannodes) and Manitoban elk (C. c. manitobensis); Altai (C. c. sibiricus), Manchurian (C. c. xanthopygus) and Tian Shan wapiti (C. c. songaricus) - date uncertain North America, Russia, China meat, velvet, hides, leather, antlers, pets Captive-bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Stoat or short-tailed weasel (Mustela erminea) - the 1800s Eurasia fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
European mink (Mustela lutreola) - the 1800s Europe, Russia fur Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Coypu or nutria (Myocastor coypus) - the late 19th to the early 20th century CE Argentina fur, meat, aquatic weed control, pets Captive-bred 1d Rodentia
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) including subspecies Italian (A. m. ligustica), German (A. m. mellifera), Greek (A. m. cecropia), Carniolan (A. m. carnica), Caucasian (A. m. caucasia), Saharan (A. m. sahariensis) and Egyptian honey bees (A. m. lamarckii) - 4000 BCE (the 1880s for A. m. ligustica, the modern era for A. m. mellifera, uncertain for A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasia, A. m. cecropia, A. m. sahariensis and A. m. lamarckii) Europe, Asia and Africa honey, wax, pollination, pollen, bee brood, royal jelly, propolis, research, venom Tame/held in captivity; see Western honey bee for details Very common in captivity, feral populations common, extent of status in the wild unclear[80] 6a Hymenoptera
Common fruit fly or vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster) - the 1910s Australia, South Africa research, animal feed Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) - the 1920s China research, biotechnology, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis), yellow-collared (A. personatus), Fischer's (A. fischeri), Lilian's (A. lilianae), black-cheeked (A. nigrigenis), black-winged (A. taranta), red-headed (A. pullarius) and gray-headed lovebirds (A. canus) - the 1920s (uncertain for A. roseicollis, A. lilianae, A. nigrigenis, A. taranta, A. pullarius and A. canus) Africa, Madagascar pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae; various species and subspecies) - the 1920s northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, islands in Cenderawasih Bay, and the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 5b Other fish
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) - the 1930s Syria, Turkey pets, research Domesticated 1d Rodentia
Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) - the 20th century CE Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey pets, research Domesticated 1d Rodentia
Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) - the 1930s the Andes pets, fur, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) - the 1930s the Andes fur Raised in captivity Critically endangered in the wild 1d Rodentia
Water flea (Daphnia magna) - the 1930s North America, Eurasia, Africa research, animal feed Held/tame in captivity 6c Other arthropods
African (Xenopus laevis) and western clawed frogs (X. tropicalis) - the 1950s (uncertain for X. tropicalis) South Africa, West Africa pets, research Captive-bred 4a Anura
Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos) - the 1950s the United States pets, research Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Ball (Python regius), Indian (P. molurus), Angolan (P. anchietae), Borneo (P. breitensteini), Sumatran short-tailed (P. curtus) and Brongersma's short-tailed pythons (P. brongersmai) - the 1960s (uncertain for P. molurus, P. anchietae, P. breitensteini, P. curtus and P. brongersmai) Africa, India, Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
African rock python (Python sebae) including subspecies southern African rock python (P. s. natalensis) - date uncertain Africa pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Burmese python (Python bivittatus) including subspecies dwarf Burmese python (P. b. progschai)[81][82] - date uncertain Myanmar, Thailand, Bali, Java, Sulawesi pets, meat, skins, medicine Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Campbell's dwarf (Phodopus campbelli), winter white dwarf (P. sungorus) and Roborovski dwarf hamsters (P. roborovskii) - the 1960s Mongolia, Russia, China pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Zebra (Taeniopygia guttata) and double-barred finches (T. bichenovii) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for T. bichenovii) Australia pets, show Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger 2d Passeriformes
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum); tiger (A. tigrinum), barred tiger (A. mavortium), Anderson's (A. andersoni), long-toed (A. macrodactylum), spotted (A. maculatum), marbled (A. opacum) and mole salamanders (A. talpoideum) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for A. tigrinum, A. mavortium, A. andersoni, A. macrodactylum, A. maculatum, A. opacum and A. talpoideum) Mexico, the United States research, pets Slight physical changes Critically endangered in the wild 4b Other amphibians
Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) - date uncertain Australia, Papua New Guinea pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) including subspecies Afghan leopard gecko (E. m. afghanicus) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for E. m. afghanicus) Pakistan, Afghanistan pets Slight physical modification Somewhat common in captivity 3b Lacertilia
Iranian fat-tailed (Eublepharis angramainyu), West Indian leopard (E. fuscus), East Indian leopard (E. hardwickii), Satpura (E. satpuraensis) and Turkmenistan eyelid geckos (E. turcmenicus) - date uncertain Iran, Iraq, India, Turkmenistan pets Captive-bred 3b Lacertilia
American bison (Bison bison) including subspecies wood bison (B. b. athabascae) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for B. b. athabascae) North America meat, leather, hides, horns, guarding, fiber, pets Semi-domesticated 1b Bovidae
Companion parrot (Psittaciformes; various species and subspecies)[83][84] - the 1980s and 1990s Australia, Africa, Asia, North America, Central America, South America, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji pets, talking bird, ornamental, guarding, show, education, therapy Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Turqoise (Neophema pulchella), blue-winged (N. chrysostoma), elegant (N. elegans) and scarlet-chested parrots (N. splendida) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for N. chrysostoma, N. elegans and N. splendida) Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Dyeing (Dendrobates tinctorius), green and black (D. auratus), yellow-banded (D. leucomelas) and yellow-striped poison dart frogs (D. truncatus) - the mid- to late 20th century CE Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, French Guiana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela pets Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity 4a Anura
Diamond (Geopelia cuneata) and zebra doves (G. striata) - date uncertain Australia, Southeast Asia pets Held/tame in captivity 2c Columbiformes
Common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) including subspecies eastern (L. g. getula), California (L. g. californiae), desert (L. g. splendida), black (L. g. nigra), speckled (L. g. holbrooki), Florida (L. g. floridana), Mexican black (L. g. nigrita) Brooks' (L. g. brooksi) and Apalachicola kingsnakes (L. g. meansi) - date uncertain Arizona, Florida, Mexico, California pets Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes
Gray-banded (Lampropeltis alterna), scarlet (L. elapsoides), Mandrean mountain (L. knoblochi), variable (L. leonis), Arizona mountain (L. pyromelana), Ruthven's (L. ruthveni), and California mountain kingsnakes (L. zonata) - date uncertain Mexico, Guatemala, Florida, Iowa, Alabama, Arizona, Texas, California pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes
Mexican kingsnake (Lampropeltis mexicana) including subspecies Thayer's kingsnake (L. m. thayeri) - date uncertain Mexico pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Prairie kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) including subspecies mole kingsnake (L. c. rhombomaculata) - date uncertain the southeastern United States, Texas pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) including subspecies Guatemalan (L. t. abnorma), Andean (Lampropeltis triangulum andesiana), Mexican (L. t. annulata), Pueblan (L. t. campbelli), black (L. t. gaigeae), Honduran (L. t. hondurensis), Nelson's (L. t. nelsoni), Sinaloan (L. t. sinaloae), red (L. t. syspila) and eastern milk snakes (L. t. triangulum) - date uncertain Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia, Puebla, Panama, Sonora, Indiana, Tennessee pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Corn snake (Pantherophis gutttatus), eastern rat snake (P. alleghaniensis), Baird's rat snake (P. bairdi), Great Plains rat snake (P. emoryi), eastern fox snake (P. gloydi), western rat snake (P. obsoletus), Slowinski's corn snake (P. slowinskii), gray rat snake (P. spiloides) and fox snake (P. vulpinus) - the 1960s (uncertain for P. alleghaniensis, P. bairdi, P. emoryi, P. gloydi, P. obsoletus,P. slowinskii, P. spiloides and P. vulpinus) the United States pets Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, common in the wild 3a Serpentes
Muskox (Ovibos moschatus)[85] - the 1960s the United States wool, meat, milk, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus)[86] - the 1960s Russia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Madagascar hissing (Gromphadorhina portentosa) and wide-horned hissing cockroaches (G. oblongonota) - the 1960s (uncertain for G. oblongonota) Madagascar pets Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Eastern (Pogona barbata) and western bearded dragons (P. minor) - date uncertain Australia pets Slight physical changes 3b Lacertilia
Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) - the 1970s Australia pets Slight physical changes 3b Lacertilia
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)[87] - the 1970s China meat, algae control Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) - the 1980s Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Salmon-crested (Cacatua moluccensis), blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica), red-vented (C. haematuropygia) and Solomons cockatoos (C. ducorpsii); long-billed (C. tenuirostris), western (C. pastinator), little (C. sanguinea) and Tanimbar corellas (C. goffiniana) - the 1980s (uncertain for C. ophthalmica, C. haematuropygia, C. durcopsii, C. tenuirostris, C. pastinator, C. sanguinea and C. goffiniana) the Maluku Islands, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Tanimbar Islands, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands pets, show, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)[88] - the 1980s Australia pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Rankin's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni) - the 1980s Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 3b Lacertilia
Buff-tailed (Bombus terrestris) and common eastern bumblebees (B. impatiens) - the 1980s (uncertain for B. impatiens) Europe, the United Kingdom, North America wax, pollination Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera
Greater (Rhea americana) and Darwin's rheas (R. pennata)[89] - the 1990s (uncertain for R. pennata) South America meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Other birds
Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) - the 1990s Australia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Other birds
Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus) - date uncertain West Africa meat, leather, hides, horns, milk Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Fringe-eared (Oryx beisa callotis)[90] and common beisa oryx (O. b. beisa) - date uncertain Kenya meat, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Common degu (Octodon degus) - the 1990s the Chilean Andes pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus); Persian (M. persicus), Libyan (M. libycus), Shaw's (M. shawi), Tristram's (M. tristrami) and Sundevall's jirds (M. crassus) - the 1990s (uncertain for M. persicus, M. libycus, M. shawi, M. tristrami and M. crassus) Mongolia, Algeria, Iran, Libya, Turkey, Egypt pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Green (Iguana iguana) and Lesser Antillean iguanas (I. delicatissima) - the 1990s (uncertain for I. delicatissima) South America, the Lesser Antilles pets, meat, leather Captive-bred 3b Lacertilia
Carpet python (Morelia spilota) including subspecies coastal (M. s. mcdowelli), southwestern (M. s. imbricata) inland (M. s. metcalfei), Darwin (M. s. variegata) and jungle carpet pythons (M. s. cheynei); diamond python (M. s. spilota) - date uncertain New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Green tree (Morelia viridis), rough-scaled (M. carinata) and Bredl's pythons (M. bredli) - the mid-1990s (uncertain for M. carinata and M. bredli) New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Red-tailed black (Calyptorhynchus banksii), yellow-tailed black (C. funereus) and glossy black cockatoos (C. lathami) - the late 1990s (uncertain for C. funereus and C. lathami) Australia pets, education Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Pin-tailed (Erythrura prasina), tricolored (E. tricolor), tawny-breasted (E. hyperythra), blue-faced (E. trichroa), red-eared (E. coloria), red-throated (E. psittacea) and Fiji parrotfinches (E. pealii) - date uncertain Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Burma, Timor, Australia, the Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji and Thailand pets Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae) - the late 1990s Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Australian green (Ranoidea caerulea), orange-eyed (R. chloris), leaf green (R. phyllochroa), mountain stream (R. barringtonensis), magnificent (R. splendida), Blue Mountains (R. citropa) and dainty green tree frogs (R. gracilenta); growling grass frog (R. raniformis) - the late 20th century CE (uncertain for R. chloris, R. phyllochroa, R. barringtonensis, R. splendida, R. citropa, R. gracilenta and R. raniformis) Australia pets, research Captive-bred 4a Anura
Argentine (Ceratophrys ornata), Brazilian (C. aurita), Venezuelan (C. calcarata), Surinam (C. cornuta), Caatinga (C. joazeirensis), Pacific (C. stolzmanni) and Cranwell's horned frogs (C. cranwelli) - the late 20th century CE (uncertain for C. aurita, C. calcarata, C. cornuta, C. joazeirensis, C. stolzmanni and C. cranwelli) Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, Ecuador pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Crucian (Carassius carassius), Japanese white crucian (C. cuvieri) and Prussian carp (C. gibelio); ginbuna (C. langdorfii) [91] - the 2000s (uncertain for C. cuvieri, C. gibelio and C. langdorfii) England, Russia, Japan meat, pets, research Domesticated 5a Cyprinidae
King quail (Excalfactoria chinensis) - date uncertain Asia, Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris) - date uncertain South America meat, eggs Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)[92] - date uncertain South America meat, eggs Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
White-necked (Corvus albicollis), common (C. corax) and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); pied (C. albus), carrion (C. corone), hooded (C. cornix), American (C. brachyrhynchos) and house crows (C. splendens); rook (C. frugilegus)[93][94][95][96][97][98][99] - date uncertain Europe, Africa, India, Australia, North America pest control, pets, research, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Southern ground (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbills (B. abyssinicus) - date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia show, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)[100] - date uncertain India fishing Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Southern (Chauna torquata) and northern screamers (C. chavaria) - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)[101] - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri) - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Golden (Aquila chrysaetos),[102]eastern imperial (A. heliaca), Spanish imperial (A. adalberti), wedge-tailed (A. audax), steppe (A. nipalensis), tawny (A. rapax), Bonelli's (A. fasciata) and Verreaux's eagles (A. verreauxii); African hawk-eagle (A. spilogaster) - date uncertain Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Africa, Australia falconry, show, intercepting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus),[103][104]and white-tailed eagles (H. albicilla); African fish eagle (H. vocifer); white-bellied sea (H. leucogaster) and Steller's sea eagles (H. pelagicus) - date uncertain North America, Africa, Australia, Europe, Russia falconry, show, intercepting, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi)[105] - date uncertain the United States falconry, show, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Northern (Accipiter gentilis),[106] crested (A. trivirgatus) and African goshawks (A. tachiro); Shikra (A. badius), Besra (A. virgatus), sharp-shinned (A. striatus) and Cooper's hawks (A. cooperii); Eurasian (A. nisus), Ovambo (A. ovampensis), collared (A. cirrocephalus), Japanese (A. gularis) and black sparrowhawks (A. melanoleucus) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, Africa, North America falconry, show, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)[107] including subspecies western Siberian (B. b. sibiricus), eastern Siberian (B. b. yenisseensis) and Turkmenian eagle-owls (B. b. omissus) - date uncertain Europe, Russia, Turkmenistan show, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) including subspecies northern great horned owl (B. v. subarcticus) - date uncertain Canada pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Tawny owl (Strix aluco)[108] - date uncertain Europe, the United Kingdom pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, the Atlantic and Caribbean regions of the Americas meat, eggs, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) - date uncertain Peru meat, eggs, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Wild boar (Sus scrofa)[109][110]including subspecies Indian wild boar (S. s. cristatus) - date uncertain Europe, the United Kingdom, Thailand meat, tusks, hides, leather, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis) - date uncertain Sulawesi meat, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Red-necked (Macropus rufogriseus),[111] tammar (M. eugenii) and Parma wallabies (M. parma); red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus)[112] - the 2000s (uncertain for M. eugenii, M. parma and Osphranter rufus) Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales lawn mowing, pets, tourism, research, meat, leather Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Tiger (Dasyurus maculatus), eastern (D. viverrinus), western (D. geoffroii) and northern quolls (D. hallucatus)[113][114][115][116] - date uncertain Australia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)[117] - date uncertain Bangladesh fishing, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Beech (Martes foina),[118][119]and yellow-throated martens (M. flavigula); sable (M. zibellina) - date uncertain Europe, Russia, India fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Fisher or Pennant's marten (Pekania pennanti) - date uncertain North America fur, research, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Siberian (Mustela sibirica),[120]least (M. nivalis) and yellow-bellied weasels (M. kathiah); European polecat (M. putorius)[121][122] - date uncertain Russia, Europe, India pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Greater (Galictis vittata) and lesser grisons (G. cuja) - date uncertain South America pest control, hunting, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) - date uncertain Argentina, Chile pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Northern raccoon (Procyon lotor)[123] - date uncertain North America pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
South American (Nasua nasua)[124] and white-nosed coati (N. narica) - date uncertain South America, Costa Rica pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) and cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)[125] - date uncertain North America, Central America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and northern tamanduas (T. mexicana)[126][127] - date uncertain South America, Central America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and mountain pacas (C. taczanowskii) - date uncertain Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Malayan (Hystrix brachyura),[128]Sunda (H. javanica), Indian crested (H. indica), crested (H. cristata), Cape (H. africaeaustralis) and Philippine porcupines (H. pumila) - date uncertain Vietnam, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, Africa meat, quills, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Chinese bamboo (Rhizomys sinensis) and large bamboo rats (R. sumatrensis) - date uncertain China meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)[129] - date uncertain China, Laos meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides) - date uncertain Cuba meat, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) - date uncertain the Eurasian steppe pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus) - the 20th century CE northern Fennoscandia pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Pale (Gerbillus perpallidus), lesser Egyptian (G. gerbillus), pleasant (G. amoenus) and greater Egyptian gerbils (G. pyramidum) - date uncertain Egypt, Libya pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)[130] - date uncertain Europe pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguana (C. pectinata) - date uncertain Mexico, Central America pets, meat Captive-bred 3b Lacertilia
Chinese cobra (Naja atra)[131] - date uncertain China, India, the Philippines, Africa, Thailand, Cambodia, Arabia, Indonesia venom, skins, show, pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) including subspecies Adelaide (P. e. adelaidae) and yellow rosellas (P. e. flaveolus) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Western (Platycercus icterotis), green (P. caledonicus), pale-headed (P. adscitus) and northern rosellas (P. venustus) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) including subspecies golden-mantled rosella (P. e. elecica) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Hispaniolan (Trachemys decorata), Colombian (T. callirostris), Cuban (T. decussata), D'Orbigny's (T. dorbigni), Nicaraguan (T. emolli), ornate (T. ornata), Jamaican (T. terrapen) and Meso-American sliders (T. venusta) - date uncertain Haiti, Colombia, Cuba, Brazil, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico, Jamaica pets Captive-bred 3c Other reptiles
Pond slider (Trachemys scripta) including subspecies red-eared (Trachemys scripta elegans), yellow-bellied (T. s. scripta) and Cumberland sliders (T. s. troostii) - date uncertain the United States, especially the southeastern United States pets, meat Easy to domesticate Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 3c Other reptiles
Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)[132] - date uncertain China pets, meat Captive-bred 3c Other reptiles
Chinese pond (Mauremys reevesii) and yellow pond turtles (M. mutica)[133] - date uncertain China pets, meat Captive-bred 3c Other reptiles
Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)[134] - date uncertain Florida pets, meat Captive-bred 3c Other reptiles
Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata) - date uncertain China pets, meat Captive-bred 3c Other reptiles
Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri) - date uncertain China pets, meat Captive-bred 3c Other reptiles
Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)[135] - date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets Captive-bred 3c Other reptiles
Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)[136] - date uncertain Brazil meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Other reptiles
Nile (Crocodylus niloticus), West African (C. suchus), Siamese, (C. siamensis), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), American (C. acutus), freshwater (C. johnsoni), Philippine (C. mindorensis), saltwater (C. porosus), New Guinea (C. novaeguineae) and mugger crocodiles (C. palustris)[137][138][139][140][141][142][143] - date uncertain Africa, Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Florida, India, Australia, the Philippines, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, Sumatra, Borneo, Myanmar, Peru, Venezuela, Iran meat, hides, teeth, pets, guarding, tourism, show, blood, fat Captive-bred 3c Other reptiles
Crimson (Neochmia phaeton), and red-browed finches (N. temporalis) - date uncertain New Guinea and Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Star finch (Bathilda ruficauda) - date uncertain Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Plum-headed finch (Aidemosyne modesta) - date uncertain Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Gray partridge (Perdix perdix) - date uncertain Hungary, the United Kingdom meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara) - date uncertain France, Afghanistan, North Africa, Yemen, Oman meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Chinese bamboo (Bambusicola thoracicus) and mountain bamboo partridges (B. fytchii) - date uncertain China, India meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) - date uncertain Nepal meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), Salvadori's (L. inornata), silver (L. nycthemera) and Edwards's pheasants (L. edwardsi); Siamese fireback (L. diardi) - date uncertain Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam, Sumatra, China, Thailand meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Red (Gallus gallus), green (G. varius), gray (G. sonneratii) and Sri Lankan junglefowls (G. lafayettii) - date uncertain India, Sri Lanka, Java, Thailand meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Scaled (Callipepla squamata), elegant (C. douglasii), Gambel's (C. gambelii) and California quail (C. californica) - date uncertain Mexico, Utah, California meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) - date uncertain California meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) - date uncertain Mexico meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) - date uncertain Ethiopia meat, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), rain (C. coromandelica) and stubble quail (C. pectoralis) - date uncertain Africa, India, Australia meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)[144] - date uncertain Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore nests Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Tarantulas (Theraphosidae, various species and subspecies)[145] - date uncertain North America, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia pets, research, venom Captive-bred Common in captivity, becoming rare in the wild 6c Other arthropods
Crested (Correlophus ciliatus) and suras geckos (C. sarasinorum) - date uncertain New Caledonia pets Captive-bred Somewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in the wild 3b Lacertilia
Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)[146] - date uncertain Florida meat Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Sable (Hippotragus niger)[147]and roan antelope (H. equinus)[148] - date uncertain South Africa meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros),[149] nyala (T. angasii),[150]and Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Blue (Connochaetes taurinus)[151] and black wildebeest (C. gnou)[152] - date uncertain South Africa, Kenya meat, hides, horns, leather, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) including subspecies blesbok (D. p. phillipsi)[153] - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)[154] - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) - date uncertain Southeast Asia pets, research Slight physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)[155] - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)[156] - date uncertain North Africa meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)[157][158] - date uncertain South Africa meat, leather, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)[159] - date uncertain Brazil meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) - date uncertain South Africa tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)[160] - date uncertain China meat, antlers Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus)[161] and mule deer (O. hemionus) - date uncertain Virginia, West Virginia, Colombia, Florida, Montana, Canada meat, hides, antlers, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Chital or axis deer (Axis axis) - date uncertain India meat, hides, antlers, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) - date uncertain China meat, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), alpine (M. chrysogaster), white-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)[162][163][164] - date uncertain China, India, Russia meat, hides, tusks, musk Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Guanaco (Lama guanicoe)[165] - date uncertain Peru fiber, pets, guarding Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)[166] - date uncertain Peru fiber, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)[167] - date uncertain South Africa horns Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)[168] - date uncertain South Africa horns Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and rusty-spotted cats (P. rubiginosus)[169][170] - date uncertain India pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)[171][172][173][174] - date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria hunting, guarding, waste management, show, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) including subspecies Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus) - date uncertain China, Japan pest control, pets, fur Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnvora
Arctic (Vulpes lagopus), red (V. vulpes) fennec (V. zerda),[175] corsac (V. corsac), pale (V. pallida), swift (V. velox) and kit foxes (V. macrotis) - date uncertain Europe, North America, North Africa, Central Asia, Sudan fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Gray (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and island foxes (U. littoralis)[176] - date uncertain the eastern United States, the Channel Islands pest control, pelt, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) - date uncertain Africa pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)[177] - date uncertain South America pest control, pets Easy to domesticate 1c Carnivora
Dingo and New Guinea singing dog (Canis lupus dingo); Eurasian (C. l. lupus), Iberian (C. l. signatus), steppe (C. l. campestris), Mongolian (C. l. chanco), Arabian (C. l. arabs), Indian (C. l. pallipes), Arctic (C. l. arctos), Greenland (C. l. orion) and northwestern wolves (C. l. occidentalis)[178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193] - date uncertain Australia, Papua New Guinea, Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, the Middle East, Canada, Greenland guarding, pest control, warmth, hunting, tourism, education, research, show, pets, therapy, draft Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Coyote (Canis latrans) and side-striped jackal (C. adustus)[194][195] - date uncertain North America, South Africa pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta)[196][197] - date uncertain South Africa pest control, show, pets, research, education, therapy, tourism Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus) - date uncertain West Africa pets, pest control Captive-bred 1c Carnivora
Ruddy (Herpestes smithii),[198]and Javan mongoose (H. javanicus)[199] - date uncertain India, Southeast Asia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii) - date uncertain Thailand, Indonesia meat, pets Domesticated 5b Other fish
Giant (Osphronemus goramy),[200][201] giant red tail (O. laticlavius) and elephant ear gouramis (O. exodon) - date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, weed control, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Red-bellied (Pygocentrus nattereri), San Francisco (P. piraya) and black spot piranha (P. cariba) - date uncertain South America meat, pets, research, teeth Semi-domesticated Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 5b Other fish
Southern bluefin (Thunnus maccoyii), Pacific bluefin, (T. orientalis), bigeye (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic bluefin (T. thynnus) and yellowfin tunas (T. albacares)[202][203] - date uncertain North America, Europe, East Asia, Australia, Hawaii meat, eggs Captive-bred 5b Other fish
White (Acipenser transmontanus), shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii), starry (A. stellatus) and European sea sturgeons (A. sturio)[204][205][206][207] - date uncertain Alaska, California, Canada, Iran, Russia, Albania, the Aegean Sea, Europe meat, eggs, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), giant (E. lanceolatus), greasy (E. tauvina), areolate (E. areolatus), dusky (E. marginatus), wavy-lined (E. undulosus), six-bar (E. sexfasciatus) and orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides)[208][209][210] - date uncertain Asia, Australia, Fiji, South Africa, Italy, the Indo-Pacific meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) - date uncertain Europe, North America, Asia meat, eggs Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) including subspecies amago (O. m. macrostomus) - date uncertain Russia, Japan, Korea meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) - date uncertain Europe, the United Kingdom, Canada, Chile, Russia, Australia, Tasmania, Alaska meat, eggs Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer),[211] Japanese lates (L. japonicus) and Nile perch (L. niloticus)[212] - date uncertain the United Kingdom, Poland, the United States, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Japan, Africa meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) - date uncertain the United States, Asia, Panama, Mexico meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) - date uncertain Europe meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Milkfish (Chanos chanos)[213] - date uncertain the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Northern pike (Esox lucius)[214] - date uncertain Europe meat, eggs, pets, research Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Alligator (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban (A. tristoechus) and tropical gars (A. tropicus)[215][216][217] - date uncertain North America, Cuba, Costa Rica meat, pets Captive-bred 5 Other fish
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) - date uncertain China meat, weed control Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) - date uncertain China meat, pest control, medicine Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) - date uncertain China meat Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)[218] - date uncertain Vietnam meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)[219][220] - date uncertain the Amazon basin meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)[221] - date uncertain Europe meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas)[222] - date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Flathead gray mullet (Mugil cephalus)[223] - date uncertain California, Colorado meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Green (Etroplus suratensis),[224]and orange chromides (E. maculatus); Canara pearlspot (E. canarensis) - date uncertain India meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) - date uncertain the Caribbean Sea meat, tourism Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)[225] - date uncertain the Gulf of Mexico meat, research Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Japanese (Seriola quinqueradiata), greater (S. dumerili) and yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana)[226][227] - date uncertain Japan, the Mediterranean Sea, Chile, Hawaii meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Southern (Paralichthys lethostigma) and olive flounders (P. olivaceus)[228] - the 1980s (uncertain for P. lethostigma) United States, Japan, China, Korea meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
European (Anguilla anguilla), American (A. rostrata), short-finned (A. australis), New Zealand longfin (A. dieffenbachii) and Japanese eels (A. japonica)[229][230][231][232] - date uncertain Europe, North America, Asia, New Zealand, Australia meat, pets, research, medicine Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) and Indian stingless bee (T. iridipennis) - date uncertain Australia, India honey, pollination, propolis, wax Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera
Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia) - date uncertain Central and South America animal feed, pets Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Mealworm (Tenebrio molitar) and superworm (Zophobas morio) - date uncertain Europe animal feed, meat, research Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) - date uncertain the United States research Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)[233] - date uncertain the United States meat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Waxworms (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella) - date uncertain Europe? animal feed, meat, bait, research Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina)[234] - date uncertain Southern Africa meat, silk Captive-bred 6b Other insects
American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)[235] - date uncertain North America meat, pets, medicine Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata)[236][237][238][239] - date uncertain Hawaii research Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)[240] - date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)[241] - date uncertain Japan, Korea meat, pets, research Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Common (Octopus vulgaris), common Sydney (O. tetricus), big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot ( O. bimaculoides), Gould's (O. mimus), long arm (O. minor), Caribbean dwarf (O. mercatoris), East Pacific red (O. rubescens) and Caribbean reef octopuses (O. briareus)[242][243][244][245][246][247] - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America, Western Australia, Hawaii, the Caribbean Sea meat, ink, pets, research Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Webfoot (Amphioctopus fangsiao)[248] and coconut octopus (A. marginatus) - date uncertain South Korea, Sulawesi meat, pets, research Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) - date uncertain Europe meat, shells Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Garden snail (Cornu aspersum) - date uncertain Europe meat, shells, pets, slime, eggs Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Giant Ghana African (Achatina achatina)[249]and African land snail (A. albopicta) - date uncertain Ghana, Kenya meat, shells, eggs, pets, slime Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Giant East African land snail (Achatina fulica)[250] - date uncertain East Africa meat, shells, pets, slime, education Captive-bred 7 Other animals
Pacific (Eptatretus stoutii) and inshore hagfishes (E. burgeri)[251][252] - date uncertain the United States, South Korea, Japan meat, slime, skins Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)[253] - date uncertain Asia meat, blood, eggs, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) - date uncertain North America meat, blood, research, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Japanese (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crabs (T. gigas) - date uncertain Japan, China, India meat, blood, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Mud crab (Scylla serrata) - date uncertain Asia meat, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus)[254][255] - date uncertain Australia meat Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Spanner crab (Ranina ranina)[256] - date uncertain Australia meat Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus)[257][258][259] - date uncertain Europe, the United States meat Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) and northern leopard frog (L. pipiens) - date uncertain North America meat, pets, education Captive-bred 4a Anura
Northern green frog (Lithobates clamitans melanota) - date uncertain North America pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and marsh frogs (P. ridibundus)[260] - date uncertain Europe meat, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Pig frog (Lithobates grylio) - date uncertain China meat Captive-bred 4a Anura
Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) - date uncertain Java meat Captive-bred 4a Anura
Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) and Indus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus) - date uncertain China, Thailand meat, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) - date uncertain China meat Captive-bred 4a Anura
Edible dormouse (Glis glis)[261] - classical antiquity (date uncertain) Europe meat, fur, fat, pets Captured in the wild and fattened Extended in the wild, no longer kept in captivity 2b Rodentia
Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) - the 14th century CE Europe meat Captured in the wild or captive-bred Extended in the wild and in captivity 7 Other animals
New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) - the 1970s New Zealand meat Captured in the wild and captive-bred 7 Other animals
Purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) The central and western Mediterranean Sea Tyrian purple, meat Captive-bred No longer bred 7 Other animals
Banded dye-murex (Hexaplex trunculus) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) The Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean near the Mediterranean Purple dye, meat Captive-bred No longer bred 7 Other animals

Taxonomical groupings

The categories used in the Taxon group column are:

See also

References
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