Marion County, Tennessee

Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in East Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,237.[2] Its county seat is Jasper.[3] Marion County is part of the Chattanooga, TN–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Marion County is in the Central time zone, while Chattanooga proper is in the Eastern time zone.

Marion County
U.S. county
Marion County Courthouse in Jasper
Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Tennessee's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 35°08′N 85°37′W
Country United States
State Tennessee
Founded1817
Named forFrancis Marion[1]
SeatJasper
Largest townJasper
Area
 • Total512 sq mi (1,330 km2)
 • Land498 sq mi (1,290 km2)
 • Water14 sq mi (40 km2)  2.8%%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2018)
28,575
 • Density57/sq mi (22/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district4th
Websitewww.marioncountytn.net

History

Marion County was established in 1817 from lands stolen from the Cherokee.[4]

In 1779 Cherokee chief Dragging Canoe moved down the Tennessee River from Chickamauga Creek to Running Water creek, and he helped establish the town of Nickajack at the entrance of Nickajack Cave. In 1794, the town was attacked and burned by militiamen commanded by Colonel James Orr of Nashville, Tennessee. The town was rebuilt and the Chickamauga Indians continued to live here until 1838, when all of the remaining Indians were removed from Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia by the Trail of Tears.[5]

Lock at Hales Bar Dam, 1916

During the spring of 1861, early in the American Civil War, Robert Cravens of Chattanooga began mining saltpeter, the main ingredient of gunpowder, at Nickajack Cave. The operation was soon taken over by the Confederate Niter Bureau. At one point, Nickajack Cave was one of the main sources of saltpeter for the Confederate States of America. However, its operation was halted in late 1862. Nickajack Cave was visited by thousands of soldiers of both side troops, who travelled up and down the Tennessee River on steamboats.[5]

Another important mine during the Civil War was Monteagle Saltpeter Cave, located in Cave Cove, about 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Monteagle. During the war, it was officially referred to as Battle Creek Cave. A 1917 visitor reported that about 25 or 30 old hoppers still remained in the cave.[6]

By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, coal and iron mining industries had come to dominate Marion County's economy. Mines operated in Whitwell and Inman, while iron smelters were at South Pittsburg.[4]

Hales Bar Dam, built on the Tennessee River in Marion County between 1905 and 1913, was one of the first major dams constructed in the United States across a navigable stream. in the 1960s, the Tennessee Valley Authority replaced Hales Bar with Nickajack Dam, further downstream in the 1960s, though the Hales Bar powerhouse still stands as a boathouse.[4]

Geography
Foster Falls, at one end of the Fiery Gizzard Trail
Nickajack Lake

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 512 square miles (1,330 km2), of which 498 square miles (1,290 km2) is land and 14 square miles (36 km2) (2.8%) is water.[7] Marion is one of three Tennessee counties, along with Bledsoe and Sequatchie, located in the Sequatchie Valley, a long, narrow valley slicing through the southeastern Cumberland Plateau. The Sequatchie River, which drains the valley, empties into the Tennessee River just south of Jasper.

Nickajack Dam is located along the Tennessee River near Jasper, creating Nickajack Lake. The section of the river immediately downstream from the dam is part of Guntersville Lake. The Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant is located in the extreme southeastern part of the county.

Adjacent counties

State protected areas
  • Chimneys State Natural Area
  • Cummings Cove Wildlife Management Area
  • Franklin State Forest (part)
  • Hicks Gap State Natural Area
  • Prentice Cooper State Forest
  • Sequatchie Cave State Natural Area
  • South Cumberland State Park (part)

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18203,888—
18305,50841.7%
18406,07010.2%
18506,3144.0%
18606,190−2.0%
18706,84110.5%
188010,91059.5%
189015,41141.3%
190017,28112.1%
191018,8208.9%
192017,402−7.5%
193017,5490.8%
194019,1409.1%
195020,5207.2%
196021,0362.5%
197020,577−2.2%
198024,41618.7%
199024,8601.8%
200027,77611.7%
201028,2371.7%
2018 (est.)28,575[8]1.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11]
1990-2000[12] 2010-2014[2]
Age pyramid Marion County[13]

As of the census[14] of 2010, there were 28,237 people, 11,403 households, and 8,030 families residing in the county. The population density was 57 people per square mile (22/km2). There were 12,954 housing units at an average density of 26 per square mile (10/km2).

The racial makeup of the county was 93.9% White(non-Hispanic), 3.6% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. 1.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.80% under the age of 18 and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.9 years. The female population was 50.9%.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,419, and the median income for a family was $36,351. Males had a median income of $30,236 versus $21,778 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,419. About 10.80% of families and 14.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.00% of those under age 18 and 14.30% of those age 65 or over.

Education

The schools in Marion County are:

  • Jasper Elementary School
  • Jasper Middle School
  • Marion County High School
  • Monteagle Elementary School
  • South Pittsburg Elementary
  • South Pittsburg High School
  • Whitwell Elementary School
  • Whitwell Middle School
  • Whitwell High School
  • Richard Hardy Memorial School

Media

Marion County is served by numerous local, regional and national media outlets which reach approximately one million people in four states including: Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina.

Newspapers
  • The Marion County News: Jasper Journal and South Pittsburg Hustler Combined has incorporated the Jasper Journal and the South Pittsburg Hustler into a single weekly publication. The periodical focuses its energy on highlighting events, sports and people in Marion County, TN.

Radio

Marion County is part of the Chattanooga Arbitron radio market. The following radio stations are licensed to cities within Marion County:

AM
  • WEPG 910 AM – News Talk & Variety Hits (Licensed to South Pittsburg)
FM
  • WUUQ 97.3 – Classic Country Q-97.3/99.3 (Licensed to South Pittsburg)
  • WJCR-LP-94.9 - Jasper Christ-Centered Radio (Licensed to Jasper)

Television

Marion County is part of the Chattanooga DMA. Cable TV companies in Marion County include Charter Communications and Trinity Cable

Transportation

Airport

Marion County Airport, also known as Brown Field, is a county-owned, public-use airport located four nautical miles (7 km) southeast of the central business district of Jasper.[15]

Roads

Parks and natural features

Nickajack Cave in Marion County, located 0.6 miles south of Shellmound Station on the west side of the Tennessee River, is one of the most historical caves in Tennessee.[16] It is currently part of a park run by the city of New Hope. A paved hiking trail leads to an observation deck at the entrance to the cave where visitors can watch the bats leave the cave at dusk.[17] The cave was used by tourists and as a show cave, but in 1968 the cave was flooded when Tennessee Valley Authority constructed Nickajack Dam 6 miles (9.7 km) downstream to replace the aging Hales Bar Dam.

Communities
Jasper
Farm near Powells Crossroads

Cities

Towns

Unincorporated communities

Politics

Prior to 2004, Marion County was a Democratic-leaning swing county in presidential elections, backing the national winner in all but five elections from 1912 to 2004. Since then, it has become increasingly Republican similar to the rest of rural Tennessee, with Republican presidential candidates winning by increasing margins in each election from 2004 on. Donald Trump won the county in 2016 by a margin of nearly 45 points, the widest in the county's electoral history from 1912 on for a candidate of any party.

Presidential election results
Presidential election results[18]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2020 74.8% 9,911 24.0% 3,177 1.3% 168
2016 70.9% 7,696 26.1% 2,832 3.1% 334
2012 60.3% 6,272 38.0% 3,953 1.8% 184
2008 59.0% 6,746 39.4% 4,506 1.6% 185
2004 51.0% 5,862 48.3% 5,548 0.7% 82
2000 45.4% 4,651 53.1% 5,441 1.5% 158
1996 34.5% 3,166 56.5% 5,194 9.1% 831
1992 32.4% 3,262 55.5% 5,589 12.1% 1,217
1988 51.1% 4,407 48.5% 4,175 0.4% 36
1984 52.1% 4,337 47.3% 3,942 0.6% 52
1980 45.1% 3,902 53.4% 4,623 1.5% 126
1976 38.8% 2,965 60.4% 4,615 0.8% 62
1972 63.6% 3,711 33.0% 1,929 3.4% 199
1968 30.6% 1,959 25.9% 1,661 43.5% 2,784
1964 42.0% 2,728 58.1% 3,775
1960 45.3% 2,657 53.3% 3,124 1.4% 84
1956 50.5% 2,925 48.0% 2,781 1.6% 92
1952 42.9% 2,227 56.6% 2,938 0.5% 25
1948 38.9% 1,738 57.2% 2,554 3.9% 175
1944 38.9% 1,761 58.8% 2,666 2.3% 106
1940 39.7% 2,158 59.7% 3,242 0.6% 35
1936 39.9% 1,770 60.1% 2,664
1932 38.9% 1,406 61.1% 2,212
1928 58.8% 1,659 41.2% 1,161
1924 48.6% 1,074 46.8% 1,036 4.6% 102
1920 58.1% 2,662 40.9% 1,874 1.0% 44
1916 54.2% 1,432 43.7% 1,155 2.0% 54
1912 25.9% 463 45.3% 810 28.9% 516

Notable people

See also

References
  1. Patsy Beene, "Marion County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 11 March 2013.
  2. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 5, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. William Ray Turner, "Grundy County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 16 October 2013.
  5. "Caves of Chattanooga" by Larry E. Matthews, 2007, Published by the National Speleological Society, ISBN 978-1-879961-27-2
  6. Marion O. Smith, Confederate Niter District Eight: Middle Tennessee & Northwest Georgia, 2011.
  7. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  8. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  9. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  10. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  11. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  12. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  13. Based on 2000 census data
  14. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  15. FAA Airport Form 5010 for APT PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective 11 February 2010.
  16. Barr, Thomas C., Jr. (1961). Caves of Tennessee.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. Matthews, Larry E. (2007). Caves of Chattanooga. National Speleological Society. ISBN 978-1-879961-27-2.
  18. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
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