List of defunct department stores of the United States

This is a list of defunct department stores of the United States, from small-town one-unit stores to mega-chains, which have disappeared over the past 100 years. Many closed, while others were sold or merged with other department stores.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Department stores merged with Federated and May
Timeline of former nameplates merging into Macy's.

Many United States department store chains and local department stores, some with long and proud histories, went out of business or lost their identities between 1986 and 2006 as the result of a complex series of corporate mergers and acquisitions that involved Federated Department Stores and The May Department Stores Company with many stores becoming units of Macy's, Inc. The following is a list of the affected stores, including some local and regional stores that earlier had been absorbed into chains that became part of Federated, May, or Macy's.

Other department stores

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas
  • MM Cohn (Little Rock), 2007
  • Gus Blass and Company Little Rock. Merged with Pfeifer Brothers and became Pfeifer Blass; became Dillards in 1974
  • Pfeifer Brothers Little Rock. Merged with Gus Blass and Company and became Pfeifer Blass; became Dillards in 1974

California
  • A.G.E.
  • The Akron (Los Angeles), a Southern California-based "eclectic" department store chain that had specialized in carrying imported goods and unusual items such as parking meters and live Mexican monkeys, and which had stores as far north as San Francisco and far south as San Diego before it was forced to close its stores in 1985[7][8][9]
  • Blackstone's Department Store
  • Blum's (San Jose), originally M. Blum & Co., established 1907;[10] store appears to have closed shortly after death of owner and founder in 1940[11]
  • The Bon Marché (Le Sage Bros. Co.), 430–434 Broadway, opened in 1907, closed within a year[12]
  • Boston Stores (California), HQ in Inglewood and later Carson; liquidated 1989
  • The Broadway (Los Angeles), converted to Macy's
  • Brock's (Bakersfield), started in 1924 and sold to Gottschalks in 1987[13][14]
  • Breuner's
  • Buffum's
  • Bullock's (Los Angeles), converted to Macy's
  • Bullocks Wilshire (Los Angeles), converted to I. Magnin, then Macy's
  • Butler Brothers (California)
  • Carithers's (Petaluma), closed in 1986[15]
  • CBSS (Sacramento)
  • H.C. Capwell Co. (Oakland), merged with Emporium in 1929 to form the Emporium Capwell Co. holding company, Emporium-Capwell was acquired by Broadway-Hale Stores in 1970, Broadway-Hale Stores later became Carter Hawley Hale Stores and then Broadway Stores, Inc.; during this time, Capwell kept its name until 1979[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]
  • City of Paris Dry Goods Co. (San Francisco), became City of Paris by Liberty House. Demolished except the rotunda, now part of Neiman Marcus.
  • City of Paris (Los Angeles), no relation to the San Francisco store or to Ville de Paris (Los Angeles), 1850s–1897
  • Coulter's
  • Crowley's (Vallejo)
  • Daly's (Eureka), closed in 1995, with four Northern California stores, after operating for exactly 100 years[23]
  • Desmond's, founded 1862, became a large Southland-wide chain, closed 1970s
  • Disco Department Stores (San Rafael), chain of discount stores located in Northern California and Northern Nevada, first store was opened in San Rafael in 1956 as Marin Associated Consumers by co-founder William L. Simmons,[24] stores were later renamed MAC Disco Mart and then MAC Disco Discount Department Stores,[25] chain sold to Daylin in 1966 and renamed Disco Discount Department Stores, first store outside of Northern California opened in Reno in 1968,[26] stores were closed by 1975 due to financial problems with parent company[27]
  • B. H. Dyas
  • Eastern-Columbia Department Store,Eastern Outfitters, Columbia Outfitters, San Francisco/Los Angeles through the 1950s
  • Fedco
  • FedMart
  • Fedway (Los Angeles) – first store in this division opened (in Texas) in 1952 by Federated Department Stores; Westwood store (first in California) opened in 1953; all stores closed and sold off in 1968[28][29][30][31][32]
  • Fifth Street Store: Walker's (Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Diego), main store in downtown Los Angeles was also known as the Fifth Street Store since it was located at the corner of Fifth and Broadway, main store was founded in 1905 as Steele, Faris, Walker Co., later became Muse, Faris, Walker Co., and then finally Walker Inc. in 1924; opened first branch store in Long Beach in the late 1920s; opened a branch store in San Diego in 1935; San Diego store separated in the early 1950s; opened second Long Beach store in 1954; closed Los Angeles store; sold Long Beach stores in 1960 and store renamed[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]
  • Frink's (Pasadena), founded by Jose and Lola Frink in the early twentieth century, but closed by mid-century[48]
  • Gemco
  • Globe Department Store, South Broadway between 51st–52nd, South Los Angeles (1920s-1930s)[49]
  • Goodman's (San Francisco)
  • Gottschalks, bankrupt March 31, 2009, which closed all of the stores.[50] A few former Gottschalks stores were replaced as Macy's and Forever 21 in the Pacific region. There were plans to reopen stores in Auburn, Clovis and Oakhurst in spring 2011,[51][52] but the deal ultimately fell through.[53]
    • Gottschalks Mainline, clearance, etc.
  • GET (Government Employees Together)[54] Lakeshore Plaza, San Francisco, discount chain, a membership retailer open only to employees of local, state, and federal government agencies.
  • Grodin's (San Francisco Bay Area), a 36-unit chain of men's and women's specialty stores, closed in January 1987.[55]
  • Graysons
  • Gump's (San Francisco) closed 2018
  • Haggarty's, Los Angeles-based chain of junior department stores for apparel, 1906–1970
  • Hale's (Hale Brothers) (Sacramento/San Francisco), merged with Broadway in 1970 to form the Broadway-Hale holding company while keeping its name on its stores;[22][56][57][58][59] merged into The Emporium under Carter, Hawley & Hale.
  • A. Hamburger & Sons (Los Angeles), founded in 1881, purchased by May Co. 1923 and renamed May Company California[60][61][62][63][64][65]
    Christmas advertisement for Hamburger's Department Store, Los Angeles, 1905
  • Harris Department Store, based in San Bernardino, absorbed by Gottschalks
  • Harris & Frank
  • Hart's Department Store (San Jose)[66]
  • Henshey's (Santa Monica), finally closed in 1992 after being in business since 1925[67][68]
  • Hilson's (Martinez), three locations closed 2001[69]
  • Hink's (Berkeley), also known as J.F. Hink & Son, closed in 1985[70]
  • Hinshaw's (Arcadia and Whittier), both stores were closed in 1992[71]
  • Jeremys (San Francisco, Berkeley) closed 2016
  • Kahn's (Oakland), founded by Israel Kahn in 1879, acquired by newly formed B. F. Schlesinger & Sons in 1925,[72][73][74] B.F. Schlesinger & Sons was renamed Western Department Stores in 1941, Kahn was rebranded Rhodes in 1960[75][76]
  • S. Lazard & Co.
  • Levee's (Vallejo), closed in the early 1980s[77]
  • Liberty House (became Macy's)
  • H. Liebes (San Francisco), liquidated when its parent company, Beck Industries, filed for bankruptcy in 1970[78][79]
  • I. Magnin (San Francisco), converted to Macy's
  • Joseph Magnin Co., closed 1984
  • Marston's San Diego, 3 branches, purchased by The Broadway in the 1960s
  • Mattei Bros. (Petaluma) – closed in 1995[80]
  • May Company (Los Angeles), converted to Robinsons-May, then Macy's
  • Mervyn's of California, operated stores in western US. Went bankrupt December 2008
  • Milliron's, see Fifth Street Store, above
  • Nahas, 1953–early 1980s junior department stores with clothing and home goods, mostly in Los Angeles County. Purchased and absorbed independent department stores Rathbun's North Hollywood, Trenwiths Santa Barbara and Butler Bros. Van Nuys.
  • F. C. Nash & Co. – Nash's (Pasadena), at one time had 5 stores in downtown locations in neighboring small cities during the 1950s and 1960s, founded in 1889 as a grocery store, became a department store in 1921, branch stores were unable to compete with larger chains opening in malls built in the late 1960s and early 1970s and had to be closed, main store destroyed in a daytime fire on May 11, 1976[81][82][83][84][85]
  • O'Connor, Moffat & Co., purchased by Macy's 1945,[86] name changed to Macy's 1947[87]
  • Phelps-Terkel junior department store for apparel, founded 1923, survived in various forms until 1992
  • Pic 'N' Save
  • Prager's (San Francisco), closed in 1921 after 25 years in business[88][89]
  • Rankin's, Downtown Santa Ana and Orangefair Center, Fullerton
  • Rhodes (Sacramento and Central Valley), became Liberty House
  • Robert's, based in Long Beach, which grew to nine stores before closing in the 1990s
  • J.W. Robinson (Los Angeles), converted to Robinsons-May, then Macy's
  • Rosenberg's (Santa Rosa), located on Third Street; closed in 1998;[90] now a Barnes & Noble
  • S. Blum & Bros.
  • Silverwoods
  • S.Q.C., single location in Anaheim
  • Swelldom, junior department stores for apparel, Los Angeles, 1906–1970s
  • Two Guys
  • Unimart (Los Angeles, San Diego), locations variously became Two Guys, Gemco, FedMart; was owned by Food Giant Markets Inc until it merged in 1967 with Vornado, the owner of Two Guys, which quickly converted Unimart stores to Two Guys.[91][92]
  • Ville de Paris, Los Angeles 1893–1919
  • Walker's, see Fifth Street Store (original Los Angeles store, from which Walker's Long Beach spun off) and Walker Scott (San Diego spinoff).
  • Walker's (Long Beach)
  • Walker Scott (San Diego), Solana Beach branch is now a HomeGoods store; founded as a branch of the Walker Department Store of Los Angeles in 1935;[93] close Walker associate George Scott became president in 1951 following death of Eliza Walker, widow of the deceased founder, in 1951; name of store changed to Walker-Scott in 1955; downtown store closed in 1984; all stores closed by 1986[94][95][96]
  • Weinstein's (1041 Market Street San Francisco), founded by Isidor Weinstein, went bankrupt in 1968[88][97][98][99]
  • Weinstock's (Sacramento), founded in 1874 as the One-Price Store by David Lubin and his half brother Harris Weinstein, renamed Mechanics' Store the following year, later renamed The Weinstock Lubin Company, acquired by Hale Bros. 1949, eventually acquired by Federated in 1995 via various mergers of its parent company, stores eventually rebranded Macy's[100][101]
  • White Front
  • The White House (San Francisco), closed in 1965[102]
  • Whole Earth Access (Berkeley), last stores closed in 1998[103]
  • Wineman's (HQ in Ventura, Oxnard, then Huntington Park)
  • Zody's (Los Angeles), bankrupt and locations were sold to Ralphs Grocery Stores in 1986

Colorado

Connecticut

Treasure City Bloomfield, Manchester, Newington, Wethersfield CT

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia
  • Adler's (Savannah)
  • Chamberlin-Johnson-DuBose (Atlanta)
  • Cofer Bros. (Tucker)
  • Cullum's (Augusta), higher-end department store
  • Davison's (Atlanta), owned by Macy's since 1925 and converted to Macy's in 1986
  • The Fahy Store (Rome)
  • Fine's (Savannah)
  • g. Mansour's (LaGrange), owned by Mansour's of LaGrange and specialized in high end men's clothing
  • Goldstein's (Marietta)
  • Hogan's (Savannah)
  • J.B. White (Augusta), became Dillard's in 1998 after J.B. White name was retired
  • J. M. High Company (Atlanta)
  • J.P. Allen (Atlanta), women's store only, men's store run separately named Zachry
  • Jones (Canton)
  • Kessler's (Atlanta), also locations in Rome, Newnan and Canton; low-end chain that closed in 1995
  • Kirven's (Columbus), also one store in LaGrange
  • Leon Frohsin's (Atlanta)
  • Levy's (Savannah), converted to Maas Brothers in 1987
  • Mansour's (LaGrange), also locations in (Columbus)
  • Michael Brothers (Athens), bought out by Davison-Paxon, later Davison's
  • Muse's (Atlanta), later operated mostly as a specialty shop
  • Parisian acquired by Belk in 2007
  • Regenstein's (Atlanta), higher-end department store that closed in the late 1970s
  • Rich's (Atlanta), acquired by Macy's
  • Saul's (Marietta), closed in the 1970s
  • Uptons (Atlanta), liquidated in 1999; regional chain similar to Kohl's

Hawaii

Idaho
  • Block's Department Store (Idaho Falls and region) It was a Pocatello-based department store chain that had stores in Idaho and Utah and was liquidated in 1986.[106] Not to be confused with the Indianapolis-based William H. Block Co. which was also known as "Block's".
  • Davids (Moscow)
  • Idaho Department Store (southern Idaho) Caldwell-based department store chain that was purchased by the P.N. Hirsch division of Interco in 1966 when it had 25 stores and had survived at least to the mid 1980s.[107] The chain was still a part of Interco when P.N. Hirsch was sold in 1983[108] but there is no mention of the chain in print after that point.
  • King's Variety Store

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas
  • ALCO Stores
  • Boston Store (Wichita, Kansas) (Wichita)
  • Bucks Department Store (Wichita)
  • Crosby Brothers (Topeka)
  • David's (Stores purchased and converted to ALCO) (Wichita)
  • Eckle's (Dodge City)
  • Henry's (Wichita)
  • Hinkles (Wichita)
  • Innes (Wichita)
  • Newman's (Arkansas City)
  • Pelletier's (Topeka)
  • Walker's (Wichita)
  • Wild Willie's (Topeka)
  • Woolf Brothers (Wichita)

Kentucky

Louisiana
  • Abdalla's (Lafayette), last store closed in 2005
  • Beall-Ladymon (Shreveport), purchased from Horace Ladymon by Stage Stores, Inc. in 1994. Stores converted to Stage soon thereafter.
  • Dalton's (Baton Rouge)
  • Godchaux's (New Orleans), on Canal Street; closed in 1986
  • Goudchaux's (Baton Rouge), purchased by Maison Blanche in the 1980s, converted to that nameplate exclusively soon after
  • D. H. Holmes (New Orleans), purchased by Dillard's in 1989
  • Krauss, 1903–1997
  • Maison Blanche (New Orleans), last operated under that name by Mercantile Stores Co. Remaining Maison Blanche stores converted to Dillard's in 1998.
  • M. Levy & Co. (Shreveport), last store closed June 9, 1979.
  • Muller's (Lake Charles), closed in 1986
  • The Palace (Monroe)
  • Palais Royal (Shreveport), purchased by Wellan's of Alexandria 1985. Rebranded and later closed. Stage later revived the name after their purchase of Wellan's.
  • Rosenfield's (Baton Rouge)
  • Rubenstein's (Shreveport), shuttered in 1987.
  • Selber Bros. (Shreveport), begun in 1907, purchased by and converted to Dillard's in 1988[151]
  • Weiss & Goldring (Alexandria), main store closed in 2005, now operates as a 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) men's store
  • West Brothers, Minden
  • WF Beall & Co. (Shreveport), converted to Beall-Ladymon in the 1980s.
  • The White House (Lake Charles), Beaumont, Texas-based department store, closed in the early 1990s

Maine

Maryland
  • Acme (Dundalk, Baltimore)
  • Bradleys (Dundalk, Baltimore)
  • Braeger Gutman's (Baltimore)
    • Braeger (Baltimore) merged with Gutmans, became Braeger Gutman's
    • Gutman's (Baltimore) merged with Braeger, became Braeger Gutman's
  • Cooks (Dundalk, Baltimore)
  • Epstein's (Baltimore), started on Eastern Ave. and spread to the suburbs
  • Evan's (Virginia and Maryland suburbs)
  • Eyerly's (Hagerstown and Frederick), bought by Bon-Ton in 1946 and changed name to Bon-Ton in the mid-to-late-1970s
  • Floyds Discount Department Store (Randallstown)
  • Garfinckel's (Washington, D.C., and Maryland suburbs)
  • G.C. Murphy's ( Harundale Mall) Glen Burnie, Maryland
  • Hamburgers[152] (Baltimore) Originally Isaac Hamburger & Son's clothiers
  • Hechinger (Landover, Baltimore and Maryland suburbs)
  • Hecht's (Washington, DC, Baltimore, and Maryland suburbs), converted to Macy's 2006
  • Hochschild Kohn's (Baltimore and Maryland suburbs)
  • Hutzler's (Baltimore and Maryland suburbs)
  • S. Klein (Beltway Plaza, Greenbelt)
  • S.S. Kresge ( Harundale Mall) Glen Burnie, Maryland
  • Lansburgh's (Rockville)
  • Lazarus (Cumberland)
  • M. Lurie & Co. (15 W Lexington St) (Baltimore, Maryland)<1921 Report of Chamber of Commerce of Metropolitan Baltimore>
  • Peskins (Cumberland)
  • Rosenbaum Brothers (Cumberland)
  • Stewart's (Baltimore and Maryland suburbs)
  • Sunny's Surplus (Baltimore, Dundalk, Elkridge, Towson)
  • Woodward & Lothrop aka Woodies (Washington, D. C. and Maryland suburbs)

Massachusetts

Michigan
  • Arbaugh's (Department Store) Lansing, closed in 1969
  • Arlan's Department Store (Detroit) though not opened in Detroit until 1960s expansion, founded in 1945, bankrupt in 1973[153]
  • B. Siegel (Detroit), seven stores at the chain's peak, closed in 1981
  • Colonial (Detroit)
  • Crowley's (Detroit), sold to Value City in 1999
  • Demerey's (Detroit), purchased by Crowley's in 1974
  • Eggleston's (Rochester) See Mitzelfeld's
  • E.J. Korvette Korvette's Founded 1948, Bankrupt 1980
  • The Fair (Lansing, Flint)
  • Federal's (Detroit), discount department store, closed in 1980.
  • L.H. Field's (Jackson), department store, closed in 1987.
  • Gilmore Brothers (Kalamazoo), closed in 1999
  • Goodyear's (Ann Arbor)
  • Grand Leader (Battle Creek)[154]
  • Heavenrich's (Saginaw)
  • Herpolsheimer's (Grand Rapids, Muskegon), sold to Lazarus in 1988
  • Himelhoch's (Detroit), filed for Chap. 11 in 1979. Founded in Caro, MI in 1876, Himelhoch's moved to Detroit in 1907. Himelhoch’s Department Store returned online in 2018 under the ownership of fourth-generation family members. [155]
  • Houseman's (Grand Rapids)
  • Hudson's (Detroit), rebranded to Marshall Field & Company in 2001, then Macy's in 2006
  • J.W. Knapp's (Lansing), also included Smith Bridgman's of Flint; all three buildings were sold to J. C. Penney in the 1980s
  • Jacobson's (Jackson), independent regional luxury department store chain located primarily in Michigan and Florida, but also operated stores in Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and Kansas. The last store closed its doors in early 2002. Then, one store in Winter Park, Florida was re-established as Jacobson's in 2004.
  • John Preih Mercantile Co. (Mount Clemens), closed June 1982
  • Kern's (Detroit), closed in 1959
  • Kresge's and S. S. Kresge (Michigan), later K-Mart Corporation, then Sears Holdings Corporation is frequently credited with invention of the modern discount department store with the opening of Kmart in 1962. The last Kresge's store in Livonia, Michigan closed in 1987. Stores included lunch counters and fountain service as well as full department stores. It also operated Jupiter stores which were a smaller-scale version of Kresge's and located in downmarket or declining commercial districts (the equivalent of a "dollar store" division of Kresge's). Jupiter stores, unlike Kresge and Kmart stores, sold 'factory seconds' merchandise.
  • May's of Michigan (Grand Rapids)
  • Milliken's (Traverse City)
  • Miracle Mart (Detroit) 8 Mile Road; (Portage) S Westnedge
  • Mitzelfeld's (Rochester) S. Main Street. Opened as Eggleston's in 1939, and became Eggleston-Mitzelfeld's in 1949 before becoming Mitzelfeld's. Closed in 2004.
  • People's Outfitting Company (Detroit)
  • Robinson's (Battle Creek)[154]
  • Rogers Department Store (Grand Rapids)
  • Smith Bridgman (Flint)[156]
  • Steketee's (Grand Rapids)
  • Toeller's (Battle Creek), sold to L. W. Robinson Co. in 1971[154]
  • Topps (Redford Township), Telegraph & Schoolcraft; (Warren), 13 Mile & Van Dyke; all closed by 1974[157]
  • Winkelman's (Detroit), purchased by Petrie Stores in 1983; closed during bankruptcy in 1998[158]
  • Wurzburg's (Grand Rapids)
  • Yankee Stores, discount store with locations in Michigan and Ohio; closed in 1974
  • Zolkower Department Stores with multiple locations in the Detroit area from 1919 until 1962. Stores were located in Del Ray, Allen Park, Dearborn and Farmington.

Minnesota
  • Alfred Olson Co. (Milaca), 1903–2006.
  • Brett's (Mankato), 1858–1992
  • H. Choate & Co. (Winona), est. 1861
  • Dayton's (Minneapolis), est. 1902, converted to Marshall Field & Company in 2001, then Macy's 2006
  • Donaldson's (Minneapolis), est. 1883, converted to Carson Pirie Scott in 1987 and closed in 1995
  • Dueber's Inc. (Waconia)
  • Emporium (St. Paul), closed 1968
  • Fandel's Department Store (St. Cloud), 1882–1986
  • Field Schlick Co. (St. Paul), closed 1979
  • Frank Murphy's (St. Paul)
  • Glass Block (Duluth), 1887-1998
  • Goldfine's (Duluth)
  • Golden Rule (St. Paul), est. 1886, merged with Donaldson's in 1961, closed in 1992
  • Herberger's (St. Cloud)
  • Lewis' Department Store (Cambridge), 1902-1991
  • C.F. Massey Co (Rochester)
  • Norby's (Detroit Lakes), closed 2018
  • Ochs (Faribault)
  • Panton & White (Duluth), est. 1887, name changed to Glass Block 1913, multiple sales and mergers 1994 & 1998, now Younkers
  • Powers Dry Goods (Minneapolis), est. 1881, acquired by Associated Dry Goods in 1920, merged with Donaldson's in 1985
  • Rothschild's (St. Paul), merged with Young Quinlan in the 1940s
  • Salkin & Linoff (Minneapolis)
  • Schuneman & Evans (St. Paul), est. 1890, bought by Dayton's and became Dayton-Schuneman in 1959, then moved across the street into a new building as Dayton's in 1963, converted to Marshall Field & Company in 2001, then Macy's 2006, closed 2013
  • Sunders (Jordan)
  • John W. Thomas & Company (Minneapolis)
  • Van Arsdell's
  • Young Quinlan (Minneapolis), 1894–1985, merged with Rothschild's in the 1940s

Mississippi
  • Abney's Department Store (Bay Springs)
  • Egger's Department Store (Columbus)
  • The Emporium (Jackson)
  • Fine Bros.-Madison (Laurel/Hattiesburg)
  • J.J. Gordon's Store (Fayette)
  • Iupe's (Canton)
  • Kennington's, acquired by McRae's
  • The Lampton Co. (Columbia)
  • Alex Loeb (Meridian/Laurel)
  • Marks-Rothenberg (Meridian)
  • McRae's (Jackson), acquired by Belk in 2006
  • Waldoff's (Hattiesburg)
  • W.E. Walker Stores (Jackson)

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada
  • Gray Reid (Reno, Carson City)
  • Ronzone's (Las Vegas et al.)

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico
  • Joyce-Pruitt
  • Ilfeld's
  • Populer Dry Good (Las Cruces) In bussniess from 1902 to November 6th,1995

New York
Interior of Hearn's Department Store, 14th Street in New York City, 1945

North Carolina
  • The Bon Marché (Asheville), acquired by Meyers-Arnold of Greenville SC in the late 1970s (not to be confused with the chain of the same name based in the Pacific Northwest)
  • Brody's (Kinston), acquired by Proffitt's in 1998
  • The Capitol (Fayetteville), established 1912, closed in 1990
  • The Collins Company (Charlotte), acquired by Peeble's in 1984
  • Ivey's (Charlotte), acquired by Dillard's in 1990
  • Sky City closed 1990
  • Spainhour's (Hickory, NC)
  • Waccamaw, closed 1998

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma
  • C. R. Anthony (Anthony's) (Oklahoma City, other places in Oklahoma and Texas), acquired by Stage Stores, retained stores became part of Stage's Bealls chain
  • Brown Duncan (Tulsa)
  • John A. Brown (Oklahoma City), was part of Dayton Hudson; absorbed by Dillard's
  • Frougs (Tulsa)
  • Katz (Stillwater)
  • Kerr's (Oklahoma City)
  • Renberg's (Tulsa)
  • Rothschild's (Oklahoma City)
  • Scott-Halliburton (later Gloyd-Halliburton, McEwen-Halliburton, finally simply Halliburton's) (Oklahoma City)
  • Oertle's House of Name Brands Family Discount Department Stores (Tulsa, Broken Arrow)

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island
Apex Department Store in Pawtucket Rhode Island
Shepard Company Building

South Carolina
  • Berry's on Main (Columbia), established 1940, closed 1982
  • Condon's (Charleston)
  • Edward's (Charleston)
  • Kerrison's (Charleston)
  • Meyers-Arnold (Greenville, South Carolina), acquired by American Retail Group, who then converted the stores to Uptons in 1987
  • Tapp's (Columbia), established 1903 as The James L. Tapp Company, closed in 1995
  • The Capitol (Sumter), established 1927, closed 1982

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas
  • Barker's (San Antonio)
  • Battlestein's (Houston)
  • Ben F. Smith's (Texarkana), partially destroyed by top floor night club fire; now a mixed-use development
  • Blackburn's (Amarillo)
  • Bruner's (San Antonio)
  • Cariker (Marshall)
  • Cobb's (Lubbock)
  • Colbert's (Amarillo, other Texas cities)
  • Cox's (Waco), closed in 1995
  • Dryden's (Port Arthur)
  • Dunlaps (Lubbock and many other West Texas/New Mexico locations), closed in 2007
  • Eibands (Galveston)
  • Everybody's (Fort Worth), owned by Leonard Brothers
  • The Fair (Galveston)
  • The Fair Stores (Fort Worth and Arlington)
  • Fedway (Wichita Falls, Longview, Amarillo, Midland, Corpus Christi), a division of Federated Department Stores that had existed in Texas from 1952 to 1968 in which stores were opened in expanding post-World War II markets of Texas and later the rest of the Southwest that were traditionally under served by existing chains; the first store opening in Wichita Falls in 1952; after expanding throughout Texas, chain expanded into New Mexico, Oklahoma, and California[31][228][229]
  • Foley's (Foley Brothers) (Houston), division of May Company, converted to Macy's in 2006
  • Frost Bros. (San Antonio)
  • Gemco (Houston)
  • Goldstein-Migel (Waco)
  • Hemphill-Wells (Lubbock, San Angelo)
  • Joske's (San Antonio, also Houston and Dallas), acquired by Dillard's in 1987
  • E. M. Kahn (Dallas)
  • Leonard Brothers (Fort Worth, Arlington, Hurst, Irving), acquired by Tandy Corp. 1970s, later Dillard's
  • Levenson & Rosenberg (El Paso)
  • Levines (Texas) (Irving)
  • Levy's (Galveston)
  • Lichtenstein's (Corpus Christi)
  • Meacham's (Fort Worth), competed with Neiman Marcus, acquired by Tandy Corp in the 1970s
  • Meyer & Schmidt (Tyler), acquired by Dillard's
  • Minter's (Abilene)
  • Mitchell's (Fort Worth)
  • Monnig's (Fort Worth)
  • Morris (Dallas)
  • Nathan's (Galveston)
  • The Popular (El Paso)
  • Sage Department Store and Grocery (Houston) and (Austin)
  • Sakowitz (Houston)
  • Sanger-Harris (Dallas), division of Federated Department Stores, merged into sister division Foley's (Houston) in 1987, converted to Macy's in 2006
  • Schwartz's (Galveston)
  • Stripling & Cox (Fort Worth)
    • Cox's (Fort Worth) merged with W.C. Stripling & Sons
    • W.C. Stripling & Sons (Fort Worth), merged with Cox's
  • Terry Farris (McAllen)
  • Thornton's (Abilene), dissolved by Thornton family in 1988 & building/land given to the city of Abilene for law enforcement center
  • Titche-Goettinger (Dallas area), merged with Joske's in 1979
  • Volk (Dallas)
  • Watson's (Arlington, Grand Prairie, and Hurst)
  • J. B. White (Jacksonville)
  • The White House (El Paso and Las Cruces, New Mexico), closed in 1983
  • Wolff Brothers (Dallas)
  • Wolff & Marx (San Antonio), purchased by rival Joske's in 1965

Utah
  • Auerbachs
  • Buehler-Bingham (Ogden)
  • S. H. Kress & Co
  • Mervyns (the chain may come back, by the Morris decisions)
  • Fred Meyer
  • The Paris
  • ZCMI (Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution), founded and operated by the LDS Church until purchased by May Company (1999), became Meier and Frank in 2003, some stores sold to Dillard's, others became Macy's in 2005

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

National and regional

See also

References
  1. Lisicky, Michael J. & Ladd, Lincoln Filene (2012). Filene's: Boston's Great Specialty Store. Arcadia Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 9780738591582.
  2. Swant, Martin (13 June 2011). "Mazer Discount Superstore is closing, owner says". The Birmingham News. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  3. "About Us". Retrieved Aug 13, 2020.
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  8. Rivera, Nancy (November 10, 1984). "Akron to Sell Leases to 17 of Its 20 Stores". Los Angeles Times. p. D1. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  9. Bernstein, Harry (February 6, 1985). "AFL-CIO Feels the Heat From Key Democrats: Problems at Akron". Los Angeles Times.
  10. "Blum's 20th Anniversary Sale, M. Blum & Co, The Style Center of San Jose (Ad)". San Jose Evening News. November 17, 1927.
  11. "M. Blum & Co. Not To Be Liquidated". Women's Wear Daily. 61 (53). September 13, 1940. p. 40. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  12. "Bon Marché (Le Sage Bros. Inc.) department store 4th & Broadway 1907". Apr 14, 1907. p. 83. Retrieved Aug 13, 2020 – via newspapers.com.
  13. Lull, Gordon F. (April 2011). "Kern County Shapers". Bakersfield Magazine. 28. Archived from the original on 2015-09-04.
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  31. "Fedway to Open Southwest Chain With 7 Stores Costing $20,000,000: Fedway Will Open Southwest". New York Times. May 21, 1952. p. 39. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  32. "Federated Stores Plans To Close Its Operation In Bakersfield, Calif". Wall Street Journal. November 28, 1967. p. 6. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  33. "Walker's Store To Slice Cake Today". Los Angeles Times. October 7, 1926. p. A10. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  34. "Silver Jubilee On At Walker's: Fifth-Street Store Observes Twenty-Fifth Anniversary". Los Angeles Times. October 5, 1930. p. A3. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  35. "R. M. Walker Funeral Set: Company's Stores To Close Tuesday When Rites Will Be Conducted". Los Angeles Times. August 30, 1935. p. 12. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  36. "Walker's Store Sold: Owners of Building Pay $1,400,000 for Mercantile House". Los Angeles Times. September 1, 1937. p. A1. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  37. "Fifth St. Store Shares Offered". Los Angeles Times. October 18, 1944. p. 10. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  38. "Walker's Start Building East Long Beach Store". Los Angeles Times. July 25, 1954. p. A6. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  39. "$4,000,000 Store Opens, In Long Beach Center". Los Angeles Times. October 23, 1955. p. E26. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  40. "H. F. Conrad Buys Long Beach Store". Los Angeles Times. June 2, 1953. p. 28. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
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  42. "Handsome Department Store.: New Steele-Faris-Walker Emporium Of Dry Goods Opened--Inspected by a Large Crowd". Los Angeles Times. October 3, 1905. p. II6. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  43. "New Head And Expansion.: Former Chicago Business Man Becomes President Of Fifth-Street Store". Los Angeles Times. February 7, 1909. p. II8. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
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  45. "Walker's Store in Change of Management". Los Angeles Times. April 13, 1957. p. 13. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  46. "Butler Bros. Unit Acquires L.B. Store". Los Angeles Times. May 8, 1960. p. G6. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  47. "City Products Buys Big Store In California". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 7, 1960. p. A5. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  48. "Former Frink Property Acquired by Data Express, Inc.". Pasadena Business, April 1960, Page 29.
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  51. Sheehan, Tim (January 15, 2011). "Gottschalks still lingers in bankruptcy". Fresno Bee.
  52. Gumz, Jondi (May 3, 2010). "Gottschalks building for sale or lease". Denver Post. Archived from the original on June 7, 2015.
  53. "Former Gottschalks CEO Joe Levy dies at 82". Fresno Bee. February 11, 2014.
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  57. Getze, John (January 6, 1977). "Hawley Named Chief of Broadway Stores Parent". Los Angeles Times. p. D10. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  58. Watson, Peter (August 28, 1970). "Merger Completed, Broadway Reports Earnings Decline: Broadway". Los Angeles Times. p. C15. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  59. White, George (April 28, 1994). "Carter Hawley to Change Name to Broadway: Retail: Company will ask shareholders to approve the move to help establish a more positive identity for the firm". Los Angeles Times.
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  61. "Sale Marks Birthday Of Store Here: May Company Celebrates Founding Forty-six". Los Angeles Times. July 21, 1927. p. A20. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  62. "Store Will Celebrate Tomorrow: May Company's Ninth Anniversary Here to Be Marked". Los Angeles Times. March 25, 1932. p. A5. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  63. "David Hamburger, Civic Leader, Passes at 86: Long Illness Fatal to ...". Los Angeles Times. September 5, 1944. p. A1. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  64. "Daughter of Hamburger Dies in Beverly Hills: Mrs. Jennie Marx, 87". Los Angeles Times. May 22, 1953. p. A1. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  65. "Wilbur May, Son of Store Founder, Dies". Los Angeles Times. January 22, 1982. p. B20. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  66. Herhold, Scott (December 21, 2011). "Herhold: Remembering old downtown San Jose's signature department store". Mercury News.
  67. "Other News". Los Angeles Times. June 4, 1992.
  68. Kelleher, Kathleen (July 12, 1992). "Henshey's, the Westside's First Department Store, Falls Victim to the Economy After 67 Years.: All Sales Final". Los Angeles Times.
  69. "Hilson's". Martinez Historical Society: Walking Tour of Martinez. Archived from the original on 2010-12-29.
  70. Markel, Wendy P. (2009). Berkeley. Arcadia Publishing. p. 41. ISBN 9780738569420. OCLC 299713761.
  71. White, George (June 27, 1992). "Hinshaw's final sale brought out the crowds . . . : . . . that weren't there a week ago. : Departed Stores : Hinshaw's in Arcadia Is Latest Retailer to Be Squeezed Out". Los Angeles Times.
  72. "New Department Stores Chain". Wall Street Journal. March 14, 1925. p. 11. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  73. "Chain Acquires Tacoma Store; B.F. Schlesinger & Sons Buy Department Firm; Rhodes Bros. Inc., Operated for Thirty Years Local Bankers Will Effect New Financing". Los Angeles Times. July 21, 1925. p. 11. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  74. "Store Chain Reorganized: Schlesinger Units In West to Operate Separately". New York Times. August 19, 1933. p. 16. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  75. Hayes, Elinor (August 17, 1960). "Kahn's Department Stores Changing Name to Rhodes". Oakland Tribune. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  76. Allen, Annalee & Clausen, Edmund (2005). Oakland. Arcadia Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 9780738530147. OCLC 62146939.
  77. Kern, James E. (2004). Vallejo. Arcadia Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 9780738529097. OCLC 56829052.
  78. "H. Liebes, Subsidiary Of Beck Industries, To Cease Its Business: Firm, Protected From Creditors By Bankruptcy Act, Couldn't Arrange Additional Financing". Wall Street Journal. November 18, 1970. p. 4. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  79. Bormash, Isadore (August 29, 1970). "Liebes In A Move To Pay Its Debts: San Francisco Store Chain Files Under Chapter XI of Bankruptcy Act". New York Times. p. 45. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  80. Martin, Glen (January 31, 1995). "A Struggle for Downtown Petaluma / Stores closing as shoppers turn to malls". San Francisco Chronicle.
  81. Burke, Kathy (March 11, 1976). "$1.5 Million Fire Destroys Landmark Pasadena Store". Los Angeles Times. p. 3. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  82. Burke, Kathy (March 10, 1976). "100 Flee Flames in Pasadena Department Store". Los Angeles Times. p. A1. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  83. "Nash's Store to Mark 75th Birthday Monday". Los Angeles Times. October 4, 1964. p. J16. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  84. "Services Slated For Pasadena Merchant". Los Angeles Times. January 16, 1967. p. B8. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  85. Erdman, Ann (2010-03-04). "Mystery History - Solved". Pasadena PIO. City of Pasadena. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
  86. "Macy Gets Store In San Francisco: Arranges to Acquire O'Connor, Moffatt & Co. Through an Exchange of Stock; Expansion Also Planned; Land Adjoining the West Coast Establishment Is Bought or Leased as Part of Deal More Land Acquired Deal Based on Long Study". New York Times. July 6, 1945. p. 17. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  87. "Becomes Macy's, San Francisco". New York Times. October 17, 1947. p. 36. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  88. Kelley, Tim (June 30, 2011). "Historical Context Statement, Mid-Market Historical Survey, Conducted for The San Francisco Redevelopment Agency" (PDF). Tim Kelley Consulting.
  89. "The Sensation of San Francisco! Prager's Retirement Sale", (advertisement)". San Francisco Call. 23 January 1921. Missing or empty |url= (help)
  90. LeBaron, Gaye (March 13, 2005). "Lamenting the loss of the independent department store". The Press Democrat.
  91. "Vornado Inc., Food Giant Inc. OK Merger". Schenectady Gazette. September 30, 1967. p. 19.
  92. "Vornado Realty Trust History". Funding Universe.
  93. "Walker's To Open In San Diego: Los Angeles Concern Leases Large Building for New Department Store". Los Angeles Times. June 21, 1935. p. A5. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  94. O'Reiley, Tim (September 2, 1985). "Walker-Scott Purchase Part of Ratner Expansion". San Diego Business Journal. 6 (6). p. 5. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  95. "Walker Scott Closing Stores in Downtown, La Jolla in February". Los Angeles Times. July 28, 1984. p. SD_A1. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  96. Ritter, Bill (November 8, 1986). "Walker-Scott to Close All 6 of Its San Diego Stores". Los Angeles Times.
  97. Weinstein Company reports, 1938-1968. OCLC 174263692.
  98. "Weinstein's Closes Its Big Store". San Francisco Chronicle. May 25, 1966.
  99. Weinstein's Department 1041 Market San-Francisco -Gallery -Geary
  100. Kahn, Ava Fran, ed. (2002). "The One-Price Store of David Lubin and Harris Weinstock". Jewish Voices of the California Gold Rush: A Documentary History, 1849-1880. Wayne State University Press. pp. 375–378. ISBN 9780814328590. OCLC 44926858.
  101. Kassis, Annette (2012). Weinstock's: Sacramento's Finest Department Store. The History Press. ISBN 9781609494445. OCLC 798058249.
  102. "The White House, San Francisco, California". Retrieved Aug 13, 2020.
  103. Emert, Carol (November 11, 1998). "Whole Earth Closing Last 3 Stores". San Francisco Chronicle.
  104. Singh, Vinti (17 May 2010). "Former Danbury mom and pop stores remembered". The News-Times. Retrieved 9 Dec 2017.
  105. https://www.metrojacksonville.com/article/2011-jan-remembering-furchgotts-department-store
  106. "Liquidation sale held by Block's". WWD. 151 (112). June 10, 1986. p. 8. Block's, a chain of stores based here [Pocatello] for over 70 years, will close by June 21. The company, owned by Sy Block, president, is undergoing a liquidation sale and five of the 11 units are already closed. The chain's stores are in Idaho and Utah. At its peak, the chain had 14 stores. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  107. "Interco Strides Toward Third Successive Peak". Barron's. April 17, 1967. p. 29. Interco made its first diversification move in 1964, when it bought for 337,679 shares P.N. Hirsch & Co., a chain of junior department stores. At the time, Hirsch had 105 stores. At the 1966 year-end, the division ran 210 stores, located in 16 states in the Midwest, Northwest and South. Last year eight stores were opened in the Midwest. The Hirsch division is also busily expanding in other ways. In January 1966, it purchased four department stores in northern California from W.R. Carithers & Sons, Inc., and in February, the unit acquired all the capital stock of Idaho Department Store Co., Caldwell, Idaho, a chain of 25 stores. In September, Interco acquired Central Hardware Co. and its subsidiary, Witte Hardware Co. Central operates a six-store chain of supermarket-type hardware stores located in Greater St. Louis Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  108. "Owners close Twin Falls store". Times-News (Idaho). April 18, 1984. p. B6. Idaho Department Store Co. is taking over the operations of an allied chain, P.N. Hirsch Co., after the sale of 275 Hirsch's 351 stores.
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  117. King, Susan E. (2005). Richmond. Arcadia Publishing. p. 51. ISBN 9780738539942. OCLC 62470806.
  118. Hagan, Marylee (December 18, 2011). "Historical Treasure: Many memories of the downtown Meis Store". Terre Haute Tribune-Star.
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  120. Podmolik, Mary ellen (November 21, 1986). "Meis chain to be mall tenant". Kokomo Tribune. p. 1. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  121. "Signs mark switch to Elder-Beerman". Kokomo Tribune. November 24, 1989. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  122. "No big changes planned at Meis". Kokomo Tribune. May 2, 1989. p. 2. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  123. Holecek, Andrea (January 22, 2010). "Former Minas employees, customers invited to be a part of history; Grandson of founder of defunct region landmark invites region residents to reminisce for his book". Times of Northwest Indiana.
  124. "The Root Store". Wabash Valley Profile. August 16, 2001. PDF
  125. "Dillard's agrees to sell 26 stores acquired in Mercantile purchase". Deseret News. August 3, 1998.
  126. Fasig, Lisa Biank (August 4, 1998). "Dillard's sells Mercantile stores to May, Proffitt's". Cincinnati Enquirer.
  127. Oljace, Beth (November 27, 2011). "History: Downtown Anderson was the place to shop". Anderson Herald Bulletin.
  128. Hall, Forest M. (1922). "W.W. Wicks Enlisted When Sent On An Errand - Never Returned to Job - Came To Bloomington After War". Historic treasures: true tales of deeds with interesting data in the life of Bloomington, Indiana University and Monroe County--written in simple language and about real people, with other important things and illustrations. Indiana University Press. p. 141. OCLC 4699467.
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  130. Barron, Jim & Barron, Kathie (2011). Wolf and Dessauer: Where Fort Wayne Shopped. The History Press. ISBN 9781609493349. OCLC 767725218.
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  132. Lowe, Joe (May 16, 2012). "Calling All Former S.W. Andersons Employees". WOMI.
  133. Connelley, William Elsey & Coulter, Ellis Merton (1922). "Samuel Walter Anderson". In Kerr, Charles (ed.). History of Kentucky. 3. American Historical Society. p. 298. OCLC 680482713.
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  135. Boyd, Terry (June 8, 1998). "Dillard's says Bacons name will go". Louisville Business First.
  136. Kleber, John E., ed. (2001). "Ben Snyder's Department Store". The Encyclopedia of Louisville. p. 86. ISBN 9780813121000. OCLC 42726130.
  137. "Ben Synder Buys Mall Space". Bowling Green Daily News. November 30, 1978. p. 1A.
  138. Ribar, Richard (12 September 1979). "New mall opens its doors for business". Bowling Green Daily News. pp. 1A, 16A.
  139. Poole, Shelia M. (June 11, 1987). "Snyder's To Buy 5 Ayres Stores In Kentucky". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. B4. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewsBank.
  140. Poole, Shelia M. (July 13, 1987). "Snyder's Takes A Leap Forward Acquisition Of Ayres Stores A Key To Company's Plans". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. D1. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewsBank.
  141. "Pennsylvania-based Hess's buys Snyder's store chain". Bowling Green Daily News. 25 September 1987. p. 5–A.
  142. Cooper, Ron (October 5, 1987). "Sale Was Just One Tough Option Snyder's Faced". Business First. 4 (9). p. 1. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  143. Jordan, Jim (December 25, 1987). "Snyder's To Be Renamed Hess's Department Stores". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. E8. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewsBank.
  144. Simmons, Amy (February 15, 1988). "Hess's Will Steer Middle-of-the-Road Course". Business First. 4 (28). p. 1. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  145. Koier, Eve (December 26, 1988). "Hess's to Close Dixie Manor Store". Business First. 5 (21). p. 1. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  146. "ISJL - Kentucky Danville Encyclopedia". Goldring/Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life. Retrieved Aug 13, 2020.
  147. Miller, Kenneth L. (2001). "H.P. Selman and Company". In Kleber, John E. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Louisville. p. 408. ISBN 9780813128900.
  148. "Stewart's, Ayres' announce Merger". Bowling Green Daily News. November 3, 1985. p. 4C.
  149. Miller, Kenneth L. (2001). "Stewart's Dry Goods Company". In Kleber, John E. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Louisville. pp. 851–852. ISBN 9780813121000. OCLC 42726130.
  150. "Landmark Lexington department store closes". Kentucky New Era. April 6, 1992. p. 1B.
  151. "Aaron Selber". Shreveport Times. August 14, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  152. Dresser, Michael (June 19, 1992). "Moves put Hamburgers' future in doubt Chain discusses selling its leases". Baltimore Sun.
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  155. "We Invite You To Our Story|Himelhoch's Fashion". himelhochs.us. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  156. Flinn, Gary (November 29, 2008). "Remember when crowds flocked to downtown Flint for holiday shopping". Flint Journal.
  157. "Interstate's Chapter XI is tops in shops: Interstate Chapter XI is retailing's biggest". Women's Wear Daily. 128 (102). May 23, 1974. pp. 1, 14. So far 41 Topps discount stores have been closed, 11 are expected to be closed by July 1974 and the remaining nine will also be closed. Of its operating units, 25 are department stores, 43 are discount stores and 48 are toy supermarkets. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  158. "Stanley J. Winkelman, Department Store Executive, 76". The New York Times. 25 August 1999. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  159. "Equitable of Iowa Unit To Buy J.L. Brandeis For Up to $35 Million". Wall Street Journal (Eastern ed.). December 26, 1986. p. 1. Younkers Inc., a unit of Equitable of Iowa Cos., said it agreed to buy J.L. Brandeis & Sons Inc. Brandeis, owned by Alan Baer of Omaha, Neb., operates 11 department stores in Nebraska and Iowa. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  160. "Younkers To Buy 11 Brandeis Units". WWD. 152 (125). December 30, 1986. p. 2. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  161. "Brandeis Buys Gold; Gird to Battle Chains: Brandeis Buys Gold; Gird to Battle Chains". Women's Wear Daily. 108 (21). January 30, 1964. pp. 1, 44. J.L. Brandeis & Sons, Inc. has purchase Gold & Co. of Lincoln for an undisclosed amount of cash. The two largest family-owned independent department stores in Nebraska have joined, ostensibly to combat the inroads being made by chain competition. Brndeis, Nebraska's largest department store has six locations, all in Omaha. Gold's has a downtown store covering nearly a square block, plus a warehouse operation, It includes a supermarket and automotive service center. Brandeis owns the local Metropolitan Drug Co. Gold's was founded in 1902 by William Gold, grandfather of its president. Brandeis started business in 1880 by Jonas Brandeis, grandfather of it president. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  162. McKee, Jim (November 17, 2013). "The rise and demise of Lincoln-owned department stores". Lincoln Journal Star. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  163. "Gold & Co. Buys Rudge & Guenzel: Deal For Lincoln, Neb., Unit Of Allied Stores Said To Have Involved About $500,000—Closed For Inventory". Women's Wear Daily. 63 (110). December 4, 1941. p. 1. The Rudge & Guenzel has operated in Lincoln for 54 years. While official confirmation was not forthcoming at press time, it was reported that Gold & Co., Inc. have purchased only the stock and will not continue the operation of the store. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  164. "Store Closings Set By Federal's Chain". New York Times. December 27, 1972. p. 68. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  165. Rolfes, Steven J. (2012). Cincinnati Landmarks. Arcadia Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 9780738593951. OCLC 794708039.
  166. Collins, Glenn (October 8, 1996). "Best Products to Shut 81 Stores and Let 4,500 Workers Go". New York Times.
  167. "Retailer opened Bargain City". Toledo Blade. July 8, 2004.
  168. Grabowski, John J., ed. (July 16, 1997). "Gray Drug Stores, Inc.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University.
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