Treaty of Accession 2011

The Treaty of Accession 2011 is an agreement between the member states of the European Union and Croatia concerning Croatia's accession to the EU. It was signed on 9 December 2011 in Brussels by the heads of state or government of the 27 member states and by the President of Croatia, Ivo Josipović, and Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor.[2]

Treaty concerning the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union
Croatia (yellow) joined the European Union (blue) on 1 July 2013
Signed9 December 2011
LocationBrussels
Sealed10 January 2012 [1]
Effective1 July 2013
Conditionratification by Croatia and all 27 member states of the European Union
Signatories
Ratifiers28
DepositaryGovernment of the Italian Republic
LanguagesAll 24 official Languages of the European Union
Treaty concerning the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union at Wikisource
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The Treaty entered into force on 1 July 2013, making Croatia the 28th Member state of the European Union although following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom in January 2020 Croatia then became the 27th Member state.

History
Main article: 2013 enlargement of the European Union

Croatia submitted its application to join the European Union on 21 February 2003, became an official candidate on 18 June 2004, and started accession negotiations on 3 October 2005.

On 24 June 2011, the European Council called for the finishing of negotiations by the end of the month, and signing of the Treaty of Accession by the end of the year. Negotiations were subsequently closed on 30 June 2011, and on 14 September 2011 the accession treaty was finalised and made public. On 12 October 2011 the European Commission delivered a favourable opinion on the accession of Croatia to the European Union. As a result, on 1 December 2011 the European Parliament gave assent to the application of Croatia to become member of the European Union. The parliament voted in favour with 564 positive votes, 38 negative votes and 32 abstentions.

The treaty was signed on 9 December 2011 in Brussels and entered into force on 1 July 2013, having been ratified by Croatia and the European Union's 27 member states.

The full official name of the treaty is:

Treaty between the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Estonia, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Poland, the Portuguese Republic, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Member States of the European Union) and the Republic of Croatia concerning the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union.

The treaty, which is 250 pages long, provides for amendments to the treaties to add Croatian representatives into EU institutions (including transitional provisions before new elections take place) and outlines Croatia's various financial contributions. The document does not include a monitoring mechanism of Croatia by the European Commission to ensure continued reform, as was the case with Bulgaria and Romania. Two protocols promised to states during the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon, one making several guarantees to Ireland and another granting an opt-out from the Charter of Fundamental Rights to the Czech Republic, were planned to be ratified alongside the accession treaty,[3][4][5][6][7] but both were ultimately delayed.

In addition to the Treaty of Accession, a Final Act was signed. The Final Act registers the results of the accession negotiations, including declarations made by the parties. It also laid down arrangements for the period between signing and entry into force of the treaty.

List of signatories
CountryNamePositionSignature page
 BelgiumElio Di RupoPrime Minister
 BulgariaBoyko BorisovPrime Minister
 Czech RepublicPetr NečasPrime Minister
 DenmarkHelle Thorning-SchmidtPrime Minister
 GermanyAngela MerkelChancellor
 EstoniaAndrus AnsipPrime Minister
 IrelandEnda KennyTaoiseach
 GreeceLucas PapademosPrime Minister
 SpainJosé Luis Rodriguez ZapateroPrime Minister
 FranceJean LeonettiMinister for Europe
 CroatiaIvo Josipović
Jadranka Kosor		President
Prime Minister
 ItalyMario MontiPrime Minister
 CyprusDemetris ChristofiasPresident
 LatviaValdis DombrovskisPrime Minister
 LithuaniaDalia GrybauskaitėPresident
 LuxembourgJean-Claude JunckerPrime Minister
 HungaryViktor OrbánPrime Minister
 MaltaLawrence GonziPrime Minister
 NetherlandsMark RuttePrime Minister
 AustriaWerner FaymannChancellor
 PolandDonald TuskPrime Minister
 PortugalAníbal Cavaco SilvaPresident
 RomaniaTraian BasescuPresident
 SloveniaBorut PahorPrime Minister
 SlovakiaIveta RadičováPrime Minister
 FinlandJyrki KatainenPrime Minister
 SwedenFredrik ReinfeldtPrime Minister
 United KingdomDavid CameronPrime Minister

Ratification

The treaty required ratification by all EU member states and Croatia, conforming to their respective constitutional provisions, and deposition of the ratification instruments with the Government of Italy by 30 June 2013 to come into force on 1 July 2013.[8] This process was completed on 21 June 2013.[9]

Summary
Order in which countries ratified the Treaty. Between 2 and 11 shades of blue are used, representing the number of steps necessary by a particular state to ratify the treaty. The date indicates the last day of the month.
EU as of 1 July 2013
  Member States

Ratification of the Treaty of Accession is summarized in the table below.

Signatory Conclusion date Institution AB Deposited[Note 1] Ref.
 Croatia 22 January 2012 Referendum 67% 33% - 4 April 2012 [10]
9 March 2012 Parliament 136 0 0 [11]
28 March 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [12]
 Austria 6 July 2012 Federal Council 53 2 0 8 August 2012 [13][14]
4 July 2012 National Council 152 7 0 [15][16]
9 July 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [17][18]
 Belgium 13 December 2012 Senate 60 0 0 14 June 2013 [19]
24 January 2013 Chamber of Representatives 121 0 1 [19]
17 February 2013 Royal Assent Granted [19]
30 January 2013
Walloon
Parliament		 (regional)
(community)
 66 0 0 [20]
64 0 0 [20]
22 October 2012 German-speaking Community 19 2 0 [21]
23 January 2013 French Community 76 0 0 [22]
22 December 2012 Brussels Regional Parliament 76 2 1 [23]
22 February 2013
Brussels United
Assembly [Note 2]		 (FR language)
(NL language)
 68 0 0 [25]
13 0 2 [25]
27 February 2013
Flemish
Parliament		 (regional)
(community)
 107 0 0 [26]
112 0 0 [26]
24 May 2013 COCOF Assembly 51 0 0 [27]
 Bulgaria 17 February 2012 National Assembly 180 0 0 19 April 2012 [28]
28 February 2012 Presidential Promulgation Granted [29]
 Cyprus 3 May 2012 House of Representatives 56 0 0 11 June 2012 [30]
18 May 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [31]
 Czech Republic 25 April 2012 Senate 59 0 0 4 July 2012 [32]
8 June 2012 Chamber of Deputies 151 0 13 [33]
26 June 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [34]
 Denmark 2 May 2013 Parliament 113 0 0 29 May 2013 [35]
8 May 2013 Royal Assent Granted [36]
 Estonia 12 September 2012 Assembly 75 0 0 24 October 2012 [37]
18 September 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [38]
 Finland 18 December 2012 Parliament 131 34 0 6 May 2013 [39]
15 March 2013 Presidential Assent Granted [40]
incl.  Åland[Note 3] 3 May 2013 Parliament Passed [42]
 France 15 January 2013 Senate Passed 20 March 2013 [43]
17 January 2013 National Assembly Passed [44]
28 January 2013 Presidential Assent Granted [45]
 Germany 7 June 2013 Federal Council 69 0 0 21 June 2013 [46][47]
16 May 2013 Federal Diet 583 0 6 [48]
14 June 2013 Presidential Assent Granted [49]
 Greece 30 October 2012 Parliament 283 12 5 27 December 2012 [50]
5 November 2012 Presidential Promulgation Granted [51]
 Hungary 13 February 2012 National Assembly 334 0 5 22 March 2012 [52]
14 February 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [53]
 Ireland 27 June 2012 Senate Passed 8 October 2012 [54]
19 June 2012 House of Representatives Passed [55]
3 July 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [56]
 Italy 28 February 2012 Senate 216 2 22 10 April 2012 [57]
15 February 2012 Chamber of Deputies 483 2 30 [58]
29 February 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [59]
 Latvia 22 March 2012 Parliament 79 0 0 6 June 2012 [60]
2 April 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [61]
 Lithuania 26 April 2012 Parliament 87 2 6 20 June 2012 [62]
8 May 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [63]
 Luxembourg 9 October 2012 Chamber of Deputies 59 0 0 17 January 2013 [64]
29 November 2012 Grand Ducal Promulgation Granted [65]
 Malta 5 March 2012 House of Representatives 69 0 0 2 April 2012 [66]
 Netherlands 16 April 2013 Senate 58 12 0 31 May 2013 [67]
5 February 2013 House of Representatives 115 31 0 [68]
18 April 2013 Royal Promulgation Granted [69]
 Poland 4 October 2012 Senate 76 0 0 12 February 2013 [70]
14 September 2012 House of Representatives 431 0 1 [71]
19 December 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [72]
 Portugal 21 September 2012 National Assembly 206 0 24 19 December 2012 [73]
14 November 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [74]
 Romania 26 June 2012 Parliament 378 0 0 2 August 2012 [75]
2 July 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [76]
 Slovakia 1 February 2012 National Council 145 0 0 19 March 2012 [77]
17 February 2012 Presidential Assent Granted [78]
 Slovenia 2 April 2013 National Assembly 82 0 0 18 June 2013 [79]
10 April 2013 Presidential Assent Granted [80]
 Spain 24 October 2012 Senate 266 0 0 8 January 2013 [81]
11 October 2012 Congress of Deputies 282 0 0 [82]
30 October 2012 Royal Assent Granted [83]
 Sweden 7 November 2012 Parliament 280 20 0 8 January 2013 [84]
 United Kingdom 27 November 2012 House of Commons Passed 20 May 2013 [85]
21 January 2013 House of Lords Passed [85]
31 January 2013 Royal Assent Granted [85]
incl.  Gibraltar[Note 4] Parliament
 European Union 1 December 2011 Parliament 564 38 32 — [87]
5 December 2011 Council Assent Granted [88]

Slovenia

In July and September 2012, officials of the Slovenian Parliament and the Slovenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that they would not ratify Croatia's Treaty of Accession until an agreement was reached on how to handle the debt of Slovenian bank Ljubljanska banka, which went bankrupt during the breakup of Yugoslavia, to its Croatian customers.[89] In February 2013, representatives of all major parties in Slovenia agreed to approve Croatia's accession after experts and foreign ministers from both countries reached a compromise deal.[90] The Prime Ministers of Slovenia and Croatia signed a memorandum outlining the settlement on 11 March, with Janez Janša, Prime Minister of Slovenia, saying that ratification of the accession treaty would occur "within 30 days" of the signing of the memorandum.[91][92] On 2 April 2013, the Slovenian Parliament gave its consent to Croatia's accession.[93]

See also


Notes
  1. Article 4 the treaty requires that instruments of ratification issued by all member states be deposited with the Government of Italy in order for the treaty to enter into force. The instrument of ratification is a solemn document of international character, usually signed by the country's head of state, confirming to the other parties of the treaty that the state in question accepts the treaty, as signed by its representatives. Each country issues and deposits the instrument of ratification after its internal ratification process is finalised by all required state bodies, in accordance with each country's internal constitutional requirements.[9]
  2. Approval of the Brussels United Assembly is subject to an absolute majority of both language groups of the parliament (French and Dutch) voting in favour. Failing that, a second vote can be held where only one third of each language group, and a majority of the full house, is required for adoption.[24]
  3. Åland is an autonomous province of Finland. It is part of European Union, but is subject of certain exemptions. Åland Parliament ratification is not necessary for the Treaty to enter into force, but is needed for its provisions to apply on the territory of Åland islands.[41]
  4. Gibraltar is a British overseas territory. It is a part of the European Union through its constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is responsible, inter alia, for Gibraltar's foreign policy, but Gibraltar still has separate legislature, government, judiciary and administration. Consequently, Gibraltar Parliament does not ratify the international treaties, rather it is responsible for implementing of the EU legislation in Gibraltar.[86]

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