Global Gender Gap Report

The Global Gender Gap Report was first published in 2006 by the World Economic Forum. The 2020 report (published in 2019) covers 153 countries. The Global Gender Gap Index is an index designed to measure gender equality.[1]

Cover of the 2008 report

The index is designed to "measure gender-based gaps in access to resources and opportunities in countries rather than the actual levels of the available resources and opportunities in those countries."[2] It is not necessarily true that highly developed countries should have higher scores.

The methodology used to determine index scores is designed in such a way as to count situations in which men are disadvantaged relative to women as "equal".[3]

Methodology

The report's Gender Gap Index ranks countries according to calculated gender gap between women and men in four key areas: health, education, economy and politics to gauge the state of gender equality in a country. The report measures women's disadvantage compared to men, and is not a measure of equality of the gender gap. Gender imbalances to the advantage of women do not affect the score.[3] So, for example, the indicator "number of years of a female head of state (last 50 years) over male value" would score 1 if the number of years was 25, but would still score 1 if the number of years was 50. Due to this methodology, gender gaps that favor women over men are reported as equality and would not cause deficits of equality in other areas to become less visible in the score, excepted for life expectancy. To put it more simply: women could be better off in all areas and still the index would deem that country perfectly equal.

The three highest-ranking countries have closed over 84% of their gender gaps, while the lowest-ranking country has closed only a little over 50% of its gender gap. It "assesses countries on how well they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities," the Report says.[4] "By providing a comprehensible framework for assessing and comparing global gender gaps and by revealing those countries that are role models in dividing these resources equitably between women and men, the Report serves as a catalyst for greater awareness as well as greater exchange between policymakers."[4]

The report examines four overall areas of inequality between men and women in 130 economies around the globe, over 93% of the world's population:

  • Economic participation and opportunity – outcomes on salaries, participation levels and access to high-skilled employment
  • Educational attainment – outcomes on access to basic and higher level education
  • Political empowerment – outcomes on representation in decision-making structures
  • Health and survival – outcomes on life expectancy and sex ratio. In this case parity is not assumed, there are assumed to be fewer female births than male (944 female for every 1,000 males), and men are assumed to die younger. Provided that women live at least six percent longer than men, parity is assumed. But if it is less than six percent it counts as a gender gap.[5]

Thirteen out of the fourteen variables used to create the index are from publicly available "hard data" indicators from international organizations, such as the International Labour Organization, the United Nations Development Programme and the World Health Organization.[6]

Upper limiting value of the Gender Gap Index

1. Economic participation and opportunity
 ratiolimit[7]weight[8]value
* Labour force participation1.00.1990.199
* Wage equality for similar work1.00.3100.310
* Estimated earned income1.00.2210.221
* Legislators, senior officials and managers1.00.1490.149
* Professional and technical workers1.00.1210.121
 sum1.01.0
2. Educational attainment
 ratiolimit[7]weight[8]value
* Literacy rate1.00.1910.191
* Enrolment in primary education1.00.4590.459
* Enrolment in secondary education1.00.2290.229
* Enrolment in tertiary education1.00.1210.121
 sum1.01.0
3. Health and survival
 ratiolimit[7]weight[8]value
* Sex ratio at birth0.944[9]0.6930.654
* Healthy life expectancy1.060[10]0.3070.325
 sum1.00.980
4. Political empowerment
 ratiolimit[7]weight[8]value
* Women in parliament1.00.3100.310
* Women in ministerial positions1.00.2470.247
* Years with female head of state1.00.4430.443
 sum1.01.0
Compilation
1. Economic participation and opportunity1.000
2. Educational attainment1.000
3. Health and survival0.980
4. Political empowerment1.000
sum  3.980

Gender Gap Index: 3.98 / 4 = 0.9949

This is the upper limiting value of the Gender Gap Index (limes superior) for the female-to-male ratio and for the male-to-female ratio.

WEF Global Gender Gap Index rankings

The highest possible score is 1.0 (equality or better for women, except for lifespan (106% or better for women) and gender parity at birth (94.4% or better for women[11]) and the lowest possible score is 0. Data for some countries are unavailable.[12][13][14]

Global Gender Gap Report 2020
Location Year [note 1]
Country Region 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015[15] 2016[2] 2017 2018 2020[16]
 AlbaniaEurope0.66070.66850.65910.66010.67260.67480.66550.64120.68690.7010.704 0.728 0.734 0.769
 AlgeriaAfrica0.60180.60680.61110.61190.60520.59910.61120.59660.61820.6320.642 0.629 0.629 0.634
 AngolaAfrica0.60390.60340.60320.63530.67120.6624N/A0.66590.63110.6370.643 0.640 0.633 0.660
 ArgentinaSouth America0.68290.69820.72090.72110.71870.72360.72120.71950.73170.7340.735 0.732 0.733 0.746
 ArmeniaWest AsiaN/A0.66510.66770.66190.66690.66540.66360.66340.66220.6680.669 0.677 0.678 0.684
 AustraliaOceania0.71630.72040.72410.72820.72710.72910.72940.73900.74090.7330.721 0.731 0.730 0.731
 AustriaEurope0.69860.70600.71530.70310.70910.71650.73910.74370.72660.7330.716 0.709 0.718 0.744
 AzerbaijanWest AsiaN/A0.67810.68560.66260.64460.65770.65460.65820.67530.6750.684 0.676 0.680 0.687
 BahamasNorth AmericaN/AN/AN/A0.71790.71280.73400.71560.71280.72690.7280.729 0.743 0.741 0.720
 BahrainWest Asia0.58940.59310.59270.61360.62170.62320.62980.63340.62610.6440.615 0.632 0.627 0.629
 BangladeshSouth Asia0.62700.63140.65310.65260.67020.68120.66840.68480.69730.7040.698 0.719 0.721 0.726
 BarbadosNorth AmericaN/AN/A0.71880.72360.71760.71700.72320.73010.72890.7440.739 0.750 0.753 0.749
 BelarusEuropeN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.7340.737 0.744 0.747 0.746
 BelgiumEurope0.70780.71980.71630.71650.75090.75310.76520.76840.78090.7530.745 0.739 0.738 0.750
 BelizeNorth AmericaN/A0.64260.66100.66360.65360.64890.64650.64490.67010.6680.676 0.692 0.662 0.671
 BeninAfrica0.57800.56560.55820.56430.57190.58320.62580.5885N/A0.6250.636 0.652 0.654 0.658
 BhutanSouth AsiaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.66510.63640.6460.642 0.638 0.638 0.635
 BoliviaSouth America0.63350.65740.66670.66930.67510.68620.72220.73400.70490.7490.746 0.758 0.748 0.734
 BotswanaAfrica0.68970.67970.68390.70710.68760.68320.67440.67520.71290.7100.715 0.720 0.715 0.709
 BrazilSouth America0.65430.66370.67370.66950.66550.66790.69090.69490.69410.6860.687 0.684 0.681 0.691
 Brunei DarussalamSoutheast AsiaN/AN/A0.63920.65240.67480.67870.67500.67300.67190.6840.669 0.671 0.686 0.686
 BulgariaEurope0.68700.70850.70770.70720.69830.69870.70210.70970.74440.7220.726 0.756 0.756 0.727
 Burkina FasoAfrica0.58540.59120.60290.60810.61620.61530.64550.65130.65000.6510.64 0.646 0.629 0.635
 BurundiAfricaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.72700.73380.73970.75650.7480.768 0.755 0.741 0.745
 CambodiaSoutheast Asia0.62910.63530.64690.64100.64820.64640.64570.65090.65200.6620.658 0.676 0.683 0.694
 CameroonAfrica0.58650.59190.60170.61080.61100.60730.62910.6560N/A0.6820.684 0.689 0.714 0.686
 CanadaNorth America0.71650.71980.71360.71960.73720.74070.73810.74250.74640.7400.731 0.769 0.771 0.772
 Cape VerdeAfricaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.71800.71220.71330.7170.729 0.686 0.702 0.725
 ChadAfrica0.52470.53810.52900.54170.53300.53340.55940.55880.57640.5800.587 0.575 0.580 0.596
 ChileSouth America0.64550.64820.68180.68840.70130.70300.66760.66700.69750.6980.699 0.704 0.717 0.723
 ChinaEast Asia0.65610.66430.68780.69070.68810.68660.68530.69080.68300.6820.676 0.674 0.673 0.676
 ColombiaSouth America0.70490.70900.69440.69390.69270.67140.69010.71710.71220.7250.727 0.731 0.729 0.758
 Costa RicaNorth America0.69360.70140.71110.71800.71940.72660.72250.72410.71650.7320.736 0.727 0.749 0.782
 Côte d'IvoireAfricaN/AN/AN/AN/A0.56910.57730.57850.58140.58740.6060.597 0.611 0.627 0.606
 CroatiaEurope0.71450.72100.69670.69440.69390.70060.70530.70690.70750.7080.7 0.711 0.712 0.720
 CubaNorth AmericaN/A0.71690.71950.71760.72530.73940.74170.75400.73170.7400.74 0.745 0.749 0.746
 CyprusWest Asia0.64300.65220.66940.67060.66420.65670.67320.68010.67410.6710.684 0.684 0.684 0.692
 Czech RepublicEurope0.67120.67180.67700.67890.68500.67890.67670.67700.67370.6870.69 0.688 0.693 0.706
 DenmarkEurope0.74620.75190.75380.76280.77190.77780.77770.77790.80250.7670.754 0.776 0.778 0.782
 Dominican RepublicNorth America0.66390.67050.67440.68590.67740.66820.66590.68670.69060.6860.676 0.697 0.701 0.700
 EcuadorSouth America0.64330.68810.70910.72200.70720.70350.72060.73890.74550.7380.726 0.724 0.729 0.729
 EgyptAfrica0.57860.58090.58320.58620.58990.59330.59750.59350.60640.5990.614 0.608 0.614 0.629
 El SalvadorNorth America0.68370.68530.68750.69390.65960.65670.66300.66090.68630.7060.702 0.705 0.690 0.706
 EstoniaEurope0.69440.70080.70760.70940.70180.69830.69770.69970.70170.7490.747 0.731 0.734 0.751
 EthiopiaAfrica0.59460.59910.58670.59480.60190.61360.62000.61980.61440.6400.662 0.656 0.656 0.705
 FijiOceaniaN/AN/AN/A0.64140.62560.62550.62850.62860.62860.645N/A N/A 0.669 0.678
 FinlandEurope0.79580.80440.81950.82520.82600.83830.84510.84210.84530.8500.845 0.823 0.821 0.832
 FranceEurope0.65200.68240.73410.73310.70250.70180.69840.70890.75880.7610.755 0.778 0.779 0.781
 Gambia, TheAfrica0.64480.64210.66220.67520.67620.67630.6630N/AN/A0.6740.667 0.649 0.642 0.628
 GeorgiaWest Asia0.67000.66650.66540.66800.65980.66240.66910.67500.68550.6870.681 0.679 0.677 0.708
 GermanyEurope0.75240.76180.73940.74490.75300.75900.76290.75830.77800.7790.766 0.778 0.776 0.787
 GhanaAfrica0.66530.67250.66790.67040.67820.68110.67780.68110.66610.7040.705 0.695 0.688 0.673
 GreeceEurope0.65400.66480.67270.66620.69080.69160.67160.67820.67840.6850.68 0.692 0.696 0.701
 GuatemalaNorth America0.60670.61440.60720.62090.62380.62290.62600.63040.68210.6670.666 0.667 0.668 0.666
 GuineaAfricaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.6180.64 0.659 0.656 0.642
 GuyanaSouth AmericaN/AN/AN/A0.71080.70900.70840.71190.70850.70100.702N/A N/A N/A N/A
 HondurasNorth America0.64830.66610.69600.68930.69270.69450.67630.67730.69350.6880.69 0.711 0.706 0.722
 HungaryEurope0.66980.67310.68670.68790.67200.66420.67180.67420.67590.6720.669 0.670 0.674 0.677
 IcelandEurope0.78130.78360.79990.82760.84960.85300.86400.87310.85940.8810.874 0.878 0.858 0.877
 IndiaSouth Asia0.60110.59360.60600.61510.61550.61900.64420.65510.64550.6640.683 0.669 0.665 0.668
 IndonesiaSoutheast Asia0.65410.65500.64730.65800.66150.65940.65910.66130.67250.6810.682 0.691 0.691 0.700
 IranWest Asia0.58030.59030.60210.58390.59330.58940.59270.58420.58110.5800.587 0.583 0.589 0.584
 IrelandEurope0.73350.74570.75180.75970.77730.78300.78390.78230.78500.8070.797 0.794 0.796 0.798
 IsraelWest Asia0.68890.69650.69000.70190.69570.69260.69890.70320.70050.7120.719 0.721 0.722 0.718
 ItalyEurope0.64560.64980.67880.67980.67650.67960.67290.68850.69730.7260.719 0.692 0.706 0.707
 JamaicaNorth America0.70140.69250.69800.70130.70370.70280.70350.70850.71280.7030.724 0.717 0.724 0.735
 JapanEast Asia0.64470.64550.64340.64470.65240.65140.65300.64980.65840.6700.66 0.657 0.662 0.652
 JordanWest Asia0.61090.62030.62750.61820.60480.61170.61030.60930.59680.5930.603 0.604 0.605 0.623
 KazakhstanCentral Asia0.69280.69830.69760.70130.70550.70100.72130.72180.72100.7190.718 0.713 0.712 0.710
 KenyaAfrica0.64860.65080.65470.65120.64990.64930.67680.68030.72580.7190.702 0.694 0.700 0.671
 Korea, Rep.East Asia0.61570.64090.61540.61460.63420.62810.63560.63510.64030.6510.649 0.650 0.657 0.672
 KuwaitWest Asia0.63410.64090.63580.63560.63180.63220.63200.62920.64570.6460.624 0.679 0.630 0.650
 Kyrgyz RepublicCentral Asia0.67420.66530.70450.70580.69730.70360.70130.69480.69740.6930.687 0.691 0.691 0.689
 LaosSoutheast AsiaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.69930.70440.713N/A 0.703 0.748 0.731
 LatviaEurope0.70910.73330.73970.74160.74290.73990.75720.76100.76910.7520.755 0.756 0.758 0.785
 LebanonWest AsiaN/AN/AN/AN/A0.60840.60830.60300.60280.59230.5980.598 0.596 0.595 0.599
 LesothoAfrica0.68070.70780.73200.74950.76780.76660.76080.75300.72550.7060.706 0.695 0.693 0.695
 LiberiaAfricaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.6520.652 0.669 0.681 0.685
 LithuaniaEurope0.70770.72340.72220.71750.71320.71310.71910.73080.72080.7400.744 0.742 0.749 0.745
 LuxembourgEurope0.66710.67860.68020.68890.72310.72160.74390.74100.73330.7380.734 0.706 0.712 0.725
 North MacedoniaEurope0.69830.69670.69140.69500.69960.69660.69680.70130.69430.7010.696 0.702 0.707 0.711
 MadagascarAfrica0.63850.64610.67360.67320.67130.67970.69820.70160.72140.6980.704 0.692 0.691 0.719
 MalawiAfrica0.64370.64800.66640.67380.68240.68500.71660.71390.72810.7010.7 0.672 0.662 0.664
 MalaysiaSoutheast Asia0.65090.64440.64420.64670.64790.65250.65390.65180.65200.6550.666 0.670 0.676 0.677
 MaldivesSouth AsiaN/A0.63500.65010.64820.64520.64800.66160.66040.65570.652.65 0.669 0.662 0.646
 MaliAfrica0.59960.60190.61170.58600.56800.57520.58420.58720.57790.5990.591 0.583 0.582 0.621
 MaltaEurope0.65180.66150.66340.66350.66950.66580.66660.67610.67070.6680.664 0.682 0.686 0.693
 MauritaniaAfrica0.58350.60220.61170.61030.61520.61640.61290.58100.60290.6130.624 0.614 0.607 0.614
 MauritiusAfrica0.63280.64870.64660.65130.65200.65290.65470.65990.65410.6460.652 0.664 0.663 0.665
 MexicoNorth America0.64620.64410.64410.65030.65770.66040.67120.69170.69000.6990.7 0.692 0.721 0.754
 MoldovaEurope0.71280.71720.72440.71040.71600.70830.71010.70370.74050.7420.741 0.740 0.733 0.757
 MongoliaEast Asia0.68210.67310.70490.72210.71940.71400.71110.72040.72120.7090.705 0.713 0.714 0.706
 MontenegroEuropeN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.6890.681 0.693 0.706 0.710
 MoroccoAfrica0.58270.56760.57570.59260.57670.58040.58330.58450.59880.5930.597 0.598 0.607 0.605
 MozambiqueAfricaN/A0.68830.72660.71950.73290.72510.73500.73490.73700.7410.75 0.741 0.721 0.723
 MyanmarSoutheast AsiaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.691 0.690 0.665
 NamibiaAfrica0.68640.70120.71410.71670.72380.71770.71210.70940.72190.7600.765 0.777 0.789 0.784
   NepalSouth Asia0.54780.55750.59420.62130.60840.58880.60260.60530.64580.6580.661 0.664 0.671 0.680
 NetherlandsEurope0.72500.73830.73990.74900.74440.74700.76590.76080.77300.7760.756 0.737 0.747 0.736
 New ZealandOceania0.75090.76490.78590.78800.78080.78100.78050.77990.77720.7820.781 0.791 0.801 0.799
 NicaraguaNorth America0.65660.64580.67470.70020.71760.72450.76970.77150.78940.7760.78 0.814 0.809 0.804
 NigeriaAfrica0.61040.61220.63390.62800.60550.60110.63150.64690.63910.6380.643 0.641 0.621 0.635
 NorwayEurope0.79940.80590.82390.82270.84040.84040.84030.84170.83740.8500.842 0.830 0.835 0.842
 OmanWest AsiaN/A0.59030.59600.59380.59500.58730.59860.60530.60910.6040.612 N/A 0.605 0.602
 PakistanSouth Asia0.54340.55090.55490.54580.54650.55830.54780.54590.55220.5590.556 0.546 0.550 0.564
 PanamaCentral America0.69350.69540.70950.70240.70720.70420.71220.71640.71950.7720.721 0.722 0.722 0.730
 ParaguaySouth America0.65560.66590.63790.68680.68040.68180.67140.67240.68900.6660.676 0.678 0.672 0.683
 PeruSouth America0.66190.66240.69590.70240.68950.67960.67420.67870.71980.6830.687 0.719 0.720 0.714
 PhilippinesSoutheast Asia0.75160.76290.75680.75790.76540.76850.77570.78320.78140.7900.786 0.790 0.799 0.781
 PolandEurope0.68020.67560.69510.69980.70370.70380.70150.70310.70510.7150.727 0.728 0.728 0.736
 PortugalEurope0.69220.69590.70510.70130.71710.71440.70710.70560.72430.7310.737 0.734 0.732 0.744
 QatarWest AsiaN/A0.60410.59480.59070.60590.62300.62640.62990.64030.6450.643 0.626 0.629 0.629
 RomaniaEurope0.67970.68590.67630.68050.68260.68120.68590.69080.69360.6930.69 0.708 0.711 0.724
 RussiaEurope0.67700.68660.69940.69870.70360.70370.69800.69830.69270.6940.691 0.696 0.701 0.706
 RwandaAfricaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.7940.8 0.822 0.804 0.791
 Saudi ArabiaWest Asia0.52420.56470.55370.56510.57130.57530.57310.58790.60590.6050.583 0.584 0.590 0.599
 SenegalAfricaN/AN/AN/A0.64270.64140.65730.66570.69230.69120.6980.685 0.684 0.682 0.684
 SerbiaEuropeN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.70370.71160.70860.7200.72 0.727 0.730 0.736
 SingaporeSoutheast Asia0.65500.66090.66250.66640.69140.69140.69890.70000.70460.7110.712 0.702 0.707 0.724
 SlovakiaEurope0.67570.67970.68240.68450.67780.67970.68240.68570.68060.6750.679 0.694 0.693 0.718
 SloveniaEurope0.67450.68420.69370.69820.70470.70410.71320.71550.74430.7840.786 0.805 0.784 0.743
 South AfricaAfrica0.71250.71940.72320.77090.75350.74780.74960.75100.75270.7590.764 0.756 0.755 0.780
 SpainEurope0.73190.74440.72810.73450.75540.75800.72660.72660.73250.7420.738 0.746 0.746 0.795
 Sri LankaSouth Asia0.71990.72300.73710.74020.74580.72120.71220.70190.69030.6860.673 0.669 0.676 0.680
 SurinameSouth AmericaN/A0.67940.66740.67260.64070.63950.64090.63690.65040.6700.679 0.689 0.695 0.707
 EswatiniAfricaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.6700.665 0.670 N/A N/A
 SwedenEurope0.81330.81460.81390.81390.80240.80440.81590.81290.81650.8230.815 0.816 0.822 0.820
  SwitzerlandEurope0.69970.69240.73600.74260.75620.76270.76720.77360.77980.7850.776 0.755 0.755 0.779
 SyriaWest AsiaN/A0.62160.61810.60720.59260.58960.56260.56610.57750.5680.567 0.568 0.568 0.567
 TajikistanCentral AsiaN/A0.65780.65410.66610.65980.65260.66080.66820.66540.6750.679 0.678 0.638 0.626
 TanzaniaAfrica0.70380.69690.70680.67970.68290.69040.70910.69280.71820.7180.716 0.700 0.704 0.713
 ThailandSoutheast Asia0.68310.68150.69170.69070.69100.68920.68930.69280.70270.7060.699 0.694 0.702 0.708
 Timor-LesteSoutheast AsiaN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A0.6855N/AN/AN/A0.637 0.628 0.638 0.662
 Trinidad and TobagoNorth America0.67970.68590.72450.72980.73530.73720.71160.71660.71540.7200.723 N/A N/A 0.756
 TunisiaAfrica0.62880.62830.62950.62330.62660.6255N/AN/A0.62720.6340.636 0.651 0.648 0.644
 TurkeyWest Asia0.58500.57680.58530.58280.58760.59540.60150.60810.61830.6240.623 0.625 0.628 0.635
 UgandaAfrica0.67970.68330.69810.70670.71690.72200.72280.70860.68210.7080.704 0.721 0.724 0.717
 UkraineEurope0.67970.67900.68560.68960.68690.68610.68940.69350.70560.7020.7 0.705 0.708 0.721
 United Arab EmiratesWest Asia0.59190.61840.62200.61980.63970.64540.63920.63720.64360.6460.639 0.649 0.642 0.655
 United KingdomEurope0.73650.74410.73660.74020.74600.74620.74330.74400.73830.7580.752 0.770 0.744 0.767
 United StatesNorth America0.70420.70020.71790.71730.74110.74120.73730.73920.74630.7400.722 0.718 0.720 0.724
 UruguaySouth America0.65490.66080.69070.69360.68970.69070.67450.68030.68710.6790.681 0.710 0.715 0.737
 VenezuelaSouth America0.66640.67970.68750.68390.68630.68610.70600.70600.68510.6910.694 0.706 0.709 0.713
 VietnamSoutheast AsiaN/A0.68890.67780.68020.67760.67320.68670.68630.69150.6870.7 0.698 0.698 0.700
 YemenWest Asia0.45950.45100.46640.46090.46030.48730.50540.51280.51450.4840.516 0.516 0.499 0.494
 ZambiaAfrica0.63600.62880.62050.63100.62930.63000.62790.63120.63640.650N/A N/A N/A 0.731
 ZimbabweAfrica0.64610.64640.64850.65180.65740.6607N/AN/A0.70130.7090.71 0.717 0.721 0.730

See also

Notes

  1. Years of report publication. Values may reflect data collected the previous year.

References

  1. "Global Gender Gap Report 2017". Global Gender Gap Report 2017. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  2. "Global Gender Gap Report 2017 - Rankings". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  3. Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University, Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley, Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum, Editors (2009). "The Global Gender Gap Report 2009" (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2013. Retrieved 2009-11-02. (...) the Index rewards countries that reach the point where outcomes for women equal those for men, but it neither rewards nor penalizes cases in which women are outperforming men in particular variablesCS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. 2008 Report, p. 24
  5. 2014 report, page 5
  6. 2008 Report, p. 5
  7. The Global Gender Gap Report 2018 (GGGR), p. 5, Construction of the Index, § 2. Data truncation at equality benchmark: As a second step, these ratios are truncated at the "equality benchmark”. For all indicators, except the two health indicators, this equality benchmark is considered to be 1, meaning equal numbers of women and men.
    GGGR 2018, p. 42, Country Score Card: … To calculate the Index, all ratios were truncated at the parity benchmark of 1 and thus the highest score possible is 1.
  8. GGGR 2018, p. 6; Table 2: Calculation of weights within each subin-dex
  9. GGGR 2018, p. 5, Construction of the Index, § 2. Data truncation at equality benchmark: … In the case of sex ratio at birth, the equality benchmark is set at 0.944,
    GGGR 2018, p. 42, Country Score Card: … except for the sex ratio at birth (0.944)
  10. GGGR 2018, p. 5, Construction of the Index, § 2. Data trun-cation at equality benchmark: … the case of healthy life expectancy the equality benchmark is set at 1.06.
    GGGR 2018, p. 42, Country Score Card: … and the healthy life expectancy (1.06) indicators.
  11. 2016 Report, Page 6
  12. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2012.pdf
  13. "The Global Gender Gap Report 2013" (PDF). World Economic Forum. pp. 12–13.
  14. "Global Gender Gap Report 2014 - Reports - World Economic Forum". Global Gender Gap Report 2014.
  15. "Global Gender Gap Report 2015 - Rankings". World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  16. "Global Gender Gap Report 2020" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 18 December 2019.

Reports

  • Ricardo Hausmann; Laura D. Tyson; Yasmina Bekhouche; Saadia Zahidi (2014). The Global Gender Gap Index 2014 (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
  • Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2013). The Global Gender Gap Report 2013 (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2013-10-26.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2012). The Global Gender Gap Report 2012 (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2012-10-26.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • The Global Gender Gap Report 2010 (PDF).
  • Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2010). The Global Gender Gap Report 2010 (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2010-10-20.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2009). The Global Gender Gap Report 2009 (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-05. Retrieved 2009-11-02.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2008). The Global Gender Gap Report 2008 (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2008-11-19.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2007). The Global Gender Gap Report 2007 (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2008-11-19.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi, Editors (2006). The Global Gender Gap Report 2006 (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved 2008-11-19.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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