List of Internet top-level domains

This list of Internet top-level domains (TLD) contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. A list of the top-level domains by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is maintained at the Root Zone Database.[1][2] IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains for ICANN. As of June 2020, their root domain contains 1511 top-level domains,[3] with a number of TLDs that have been retired and are no longer functional. As of June 2020, the IANA root database includes 1,584 TLDs, including 55 that are not assigned (revoked), 8 that are retired and 11 test domains and are thus not represented in ICANN's listing[1] and are not in root.zone file.[4]

Types

IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:[5]

Original top-level domains

Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998.

Name Entity Administrator[6] Notes IDN DNSSEC SLD IPv6
.comcommercialVerisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the "main" TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools, and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be successfully challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name, to prevent "squatting". It was originally administered by the United States Department of Defense.YesYesYesYes
.orgorganizationPublic Interest RegistryThis is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by non-profit organizations, and still primarily used by some.YesYesYesYes
.netnetworkVerisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by domains pointing to a distributed network of computers, or "umbrella" sites that act as the portal to a set of smaller websites.YesYesYesYes
.intinternationalInternet Assigned Numbers AuthorityThe .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, a few grandfathered domains do not meet these criteria.NoYesYesYes
.edueducationEducause (via Verisign)The .edu TLD is limited to specific higher educational institutions such as, but not limited to, trade schools and universities. In the U.S., its use was restricted in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies. This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by American colleges and universities. Some institutions, such as the Exploratorium, that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names.NoYesYesYes
.govgovernment (U.S. national and state government agencies)General Services Administration (via Verisign)The .gov TLD is limited to United States governmental entities and agencies as well as qualifying state, county and local municipal government agencies.NoYesYesYes
.milmilitary (U.S. military)United States Department of DefenseThe .mil TLD is limited to divisions, services and agencies of the United States Department of Defense.NoYesYesYes

Infrastructure top-level domain

InfrastructureEntityNotesIDNDNSSEC
.arpa"Address and Routing Parameter Area"Originally assigned to the Advanced Research Projects Agency in the early days on the Internet, .arpa is now exclusively used as an Internet infrastructure TLD.NoYes

Country code top-level domains

As of 20 May 2017, there were 255 country-code top-level domains, purely in the Latin alphabet, using two-character codes. As of June 2020, this number is 316, with the addition of internationalized domains.[1]

Table legend
Name – DNS name of the two-letter country-code top-level domain. They follow ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, with some exceptions such as ".ac" for Ascension Island, ".eu" for the European Union, or ".uk" for United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland instead of ".gb". ISO codes bv, bl, mf, sj, gb and um are not used for country code top-level domains.
Entity – Country, dependency, or region
Explanation – Explanation of the code when it is not self-evident from the English name of the country. These are usually domains that arise from native name of the country (e.g. .de for Deutschland, German name for Germany).
Notes – General remarks
Registry Domain name registry operator, sometimes called a network information center (NIC)
IDN – Support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
DNSSEC – Presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
SLD – Allows second-level domain registration (restrictions may apply)
IPv6 – Registry fully supports IPv6 access
Overview of Latin-character country-code TLDs
Name[7] Entity Explanation Notes Registry[7] IDN DNSSEC SLD IPv6
.ac Ascension Island (United Kingdom) Commonly used for academic websites, such as universities. However, .ac is not to be confused with the official academic domains used by several countries such as the United Kingdom (.ac.uk), India (.ac.in) or Indonesia (.ac.id). Also used in the accounting, consulting, and air-conditioning industries. Ascension Island Network Information Centre (run by Internet Computer Bureau) YesYesYesYes
.ad Andorra Local trademark, trade name or citizenship required[8][9] Nic.ad YesYes
.ae United Arab Emirates NoYes
.af Afghanistan YesYes
.ag Antigua and Barbuda Also unofficially used by German businesses (where AG is an abbreviation of Aktiengesellschaft). YesYes
.ai Anguilla (United Kingdom)Also unofficially used by tech companies specializing in AI (Artificial Intelligence). NoYes
.al Albania Citizenship no longer required. NoYes
.am ArmeniaAlso unofficially used by AM radio stations, podcasts or related business. NoYesYesYes
.ao Angola NoUn­known
.aq AntarcticaAntarctiqueDefined by the Antarctic Treaty as everything south of latitude 60°S. AQ domain names are available to government organizations who are signatories to the Antarctic Treaty and to other registrants who have a physical presence in Antarctica. ?NoYes?
.ar Argentina Spanish[cctld 1]YesYesYes
.as American Samoa (United States) In some countries, like Norway and Denmark, "AS" or "A/S" is used as an abbreviation for stock-based or limited companies. Such companies will often make use of the domain. Also unofficially used by the Principality of Asturias, Spain. YesNoYes
.at Austria Nic.atYes[cctld 2]YesYesYes
.au Australia Restrictions apply. In general, registrants must be Australian, and can be registered anywhere between 1 and 5 years.[10] Includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands. NoYesNoYes
.aw Aruba (Kingdom of the Netherlands)Aruba, West IndiesRestricted to registered Aruban companies, organisations and citizens YesYes
.ax Åland (Finland).al and .ad already allocated YesYes
.az Azerbaijan YesYes
.ba Bosnia and Herzegovina NoYes
.bb Barbados NoYes
.bd BangladeshFor individuals, registrant must have a valid NID. For companies, registrant must have company or trademark registered in Bangladesh. YesNoYes
.be BelgiumAlso unofficially used in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland Latin[11]YesYesYes[12]
.bf Burkina Faso NoYes
.bg BulgariaSee also .бг (.bg in cyrillic) for IDN ccTLD YesYesYes
.bh Bahrain YesYes
.bi Burundi NoYes
.bj Benin.be, .bn, and .bi already allocated NoYes
.bm Bermuda (United Kingdom)Local corporate registration required YesYes
.bn Brunei NoNo
.bo Bolivia NoYes
.bq Caribbean Netherlands ( Bonaire,  Saba, and  Sint Eustatius).be and .bs already allocatedNot in use.  /  /
.br BrazilRestricted. Registration is done under several categories (i.e.: .edu.br for higher education institutions, .gov.br for government agencies, etc.).[13] Yes[14]YesNo[cctld 3]
.bs Bahamas NoYes
.bt BhutanMust have local presence in Bhutan, and valid trade license[15] YesNo
.bw BotswanaMay also be used for the Province of Walloon Brabant, Wallonia, Belgium YesYes
.by BelarusByelarusAlso unofficially used to denote Bayern (Bavaria), Germany YesYes
.bz BelizeAlso unofficially used in the province of Bozen (or South Tyrol, see .st) YesYes
.ca CanadaSubject to Canadian Presence Requirements. Also unofficially used by some websites in the U.S. state of California. French[cctld 4]YesYes
.cc Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia)Australian territory: not to be confused with Cocos islands in Guam. Currently marketed as global domain, registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required; the domain is currently operated by eNIC, a VeriSign company. YesYes
.cd Democratic Republic of the CongoCongo, Democratic RepublicAlso unofficially used for Compact disc-related domains. NoYes
.cf Central African RepublicAlso used as a free domain service to the public. NoYes
.cg Republic of the Congo NoYes
.ch  SwitzerlandConfoederatio Helvetica Yes[cctld 5]YesYes
.ci Ivory CoastCôte d'Ivoire NoYes
.ck Cook Islands NoYes
.cl Chile YesYesYesYes
.cm CameroonA local entity/company in Cameroon is required to register a domain name. NoYes
.cn People's Republic of ChinaA local company in China is required to register a domain name, or for personal registrations a valid Resident Identity Card. See ICP license for more information regarding registrations. Hong Kong and Macau also maintain TLDs.

Also unofficially used for Cartoon Network-related domains.

YesYesYesYes
.co ColombiaMarketed as a global domain. Anyone can register. YesYes
.cr Costa Rica YesYes
.cu Cuba NoYes
.cv Cape VerdeAlso unofficially used for curriculum vitae-related domains. NoYes
.cw Curaçao (Kingdom of the Netherlands)Curaçao, West Indies NoUn­known
.cx Christmas IslandChristmas XmasMade infamous from Goatse.cx YesYes
.cy Cyprus NoNo
.cz Czech Republic No[cctld 6]YesYes
.de GermanyDeutschlandGerman postal address for administrative contact (admin-c) required. Proxy registrations are allowed. DENICYes[cctld 7]YesYesYes
.dj DjiboutiAlso unofficially used by disc jockeys. NoYes
.dk Denmark Yes[cctld 8]YesYesYes
.dm Dominica NoYes
.do Dominican Republic NoYes
.dz AlgeriaEl Djazair / Dzayer YesYes
.ec EcuadorIn Japan, "EC" is used as an acronym for "electronic commerce". Because of that, it's used unofficially by companies dedicated to provide online stores like BASE, a company that has two domains related to e-commerce: "base.in" and "official.ec".[17] NoYes
.ee EstoniaEesti Yes[cctld 9]YesYes
.eg Egypt NoYes
.eh Western SaharaEspañol SaharaUnassigned NoNo
.er Eritrea NoYes
.es SpainEspaña Yes[18]YesYes
.et Ethiopia YesNo
.eu European UnionRestricted to legal and natural persons in European Union member states. Previously unofficially used for sites in the Basque language, but now .eus is in official use. Yes[cctld 10]YesYesYes[19]
.fi FinlandRegistration allowed worldwide, local presence not required. Yes[cctld 11]YesYesYes
.fj Fiji NoYes
.fk Falkland Islands (United Kingdom) NoNo
.fm Federated States of MicronesiaAlso unofficially used by FM radio stations, podcasts or related business. YesYes
.fo Faroe Islands (Kingdom of Denmark)royar YesYes
.fr FranceRestricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12] Yes[cctld 13]YesYes
.ga GabonAlso used as a free domain service to the public. NoYes
.gd Grenada YesYes
.ge GeorgiaAvailable for registration for residents of Georgia (unlimited) or for foreign companies via representation of any local legal person (one domain name per registrant).[20] NoNoYes
.gf French Guiana (France)Guyane Française No
.gg Guernsey (United Kingdom)Guernsey / GuerneseyAlso unofficially used by video game related websites. NoYes
.gh Ghana NoNo
.gi Gibraltar (United Kingdom) YesYes
.gl Greenland (Kingdom of Denmark)Previously also unofficially used in Galicia, Spain, but now .gal has been approved for such use and was implemented in mid-2014 YesYes
.gm The GambiaDomain name should match the domain owners name or trademarks. Common nouns are blocked. NoYes
.gn GuineaA local contact is required YesNo
.gp Guadeloupe (France)Still used for Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin NoYes
.gq Equatorial GuineaGuinée équatorialeAlso used as a free domain service to the public. No
.gr Greece Yes[cctld 14]YesYes
.gs South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (United Kingdom) YesYes
.gt Guatemala YesNoYesYes
.gu Guam (United States)Registry has been closed since 2017. NoNo
.gw Guinea-BissauGuinea, West Africa YesYes
.gy Guyana YesYes
.hk Hong Kong
(China)
YesYesYes
.hm Heard Island and McDonald IslandsUnused for its intended purposes (islands are uninhabited and government sites instead use .aq); registry open to the public. NoYes
.hn Honduras YesYes
.hr CroatiaHrvatska YesYes
.ht Haiti YesNoYes
.hu HungaryCitizens of the European Union or entities established by law within the territory of the EU Yes[21]YesYes
.id IndonesiaRestricted to Indonesian companies (co.id), organisations (or.id), academic (ac.id & sch.id) and citizens (biz.id, my.id & web.id). Second-level domains are becoming available now and opened to general registration on 17 August 2014.[22] PANDI (run by Kominfo) YesYesYes
.ie IrelandIn 2002, registration was expanded to include persons or businesses with a "real and substantive" connection with the island of Ireland (including Northern Ireland).[23][24] YesYesYesYes
.il Israel YesYesYes
.im Isle of Man (United Kingdom) NoYes
.in IndiaUnder INRegistry since April 2005 (except: gov.in, nic.in, mil.in, ac.in, edu.in, res.in). Yes [cctld 15]YesYesYes
.io British Indian Ocean Territory (United Kingdom)Used unofficially by technology companies, startups, and web applications because IO can be an acronym for input/output that is useful for domain hacks. NIC.IO (run by Internet Computer Bureau) YesYes
.iq Iraq Partial[25]Yes
.ir IranIn 2014 a US court awarded a group of American and Israeli victims of Iranian terror the rights to the .ir domain, along with all of Iran's IP addresses.[26][27] YesNoYes
.is IcelandÍslandAlso unofficially used and marketed as a domain hack (for example it.is, that.is, etc.). YesYesYes
.it ItalyRestricted to companies and individuals in the European Union. Yes[cctld 16]Yes[28]YesYes
.je Jersey (United Kingdom) NoYes
.jm Jamaica NoNo
.jo Jordan NoYes
.jp JapanRestricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Japan. YesYesYesYes[29]
.ke Kenya YesNo
.kg Kyrgyzstan YesYes
.kh CambodiaKhmer NoNo
.ki Kiribati YesYes
.km ComorosKomori NoYes
.kn Saint Kitts and Nevis NoYes
.kp North KoreaKorea Democratic People's RepublicRestricted to companies, organizations, or government entities based in North Korea. Despite this, few domains are actually registered because of internet censorship in North Korea. NoNoNo
.kr South KoreaKorea Republic YesYesYes
.kw Kuwait YesNo
.ky Cayman Islands (United Kingdom).ci and .cy already allocated YesYes
.kz Kazakhstan NoYes
.la LaosCurrently being marketed as the unofficial domain for Los Angeles[30] YesYes
.lb LebanonRestricted to registration with a company in Lebanon YesNo
.lc Saint Lucia YesYes
.li LiechtensteinAlso unofficially used by entities on Long Island, New York or people with the last name Li. In Russian, li can be used to create domain names that mean a verb with a past tense singular ending li YesYesYes
.lk Sri LankaLanka YesYesYes
.lr Liberia Partial[25]No
.ls Lesotho NoNo
.lt Lithuania YesYesYes
.lu Luxembourg YesYesYes
.lv Latvia YesYesYes
.ly Libya NoYes
.ma Morocco Partial[25]Yes
.mc MonacoOnly for companies with a trademark registered in Monaco YesYes
.md MoldovaRestricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Moldova. YesYes
.me MontenegroMontenegroAlso unofficially used and marketed as a domain hack (for example love.me, meet.me, etc.). YesYes
.mg MadagascarRestricted to registration with a company in Madagascar NoYes
.mh Marshall Islands No
.mk North MacedoniaMakedonijaRestricted to registration with a company in North Macedonia NoYes
.ml MaliAlso used as a free domain service to the public. NoYes
.mm Myanmar NoNo
.mn MongoliaThe second-level domains '.gov.mn', '.org.mn', and '.edu.mn' are reserved for special use. See .mn for more information. YesYes
.mo Macau
(China)
MacaoRegistrants must have a registered business in Macau, with the same name as the domain they wish to register. NoYes
.mp Northern Mariana Islands (United States)Marianas Pacific NoYes
.mq Martinique (France) NoNo
.mr MauritaniaAlso unofficially used for Mr.-related domains. YesYes
.ms Montserrat (United Kingdom)Also unofficially used for Microsoft-related domains. NoYes
.mt Malta NoNo
.mu Mauritius NoYes
.mv Maldives NoYes
.mw Malawi NoYes
.mx Mexico YesYes
.my MalaysiaRestricted to registration by an individual or company in Malaysia Yes[cctld 17]YesYes
.mz Mozambique NoNo
.na Namibia YesYes
.nc New Caledonia (France)Restricted to companies that have a New Caledonian Business Registration Certificate or individuals living in New Caledonia for at least 6 months. YesYes
.ne NigerAlso unofficially used and marketed as a Lithuanian-language domain hack (for example o.ne, kaip.ne, etc.) NoYes
.nf Norfolk Island YesYes
.ng Nigeria NoYes
.ni Nicaragua NoNo
.nl NetherlandsFirst active country-code domain outside the US.[31] NoYesYesYes
.no NorwayBusinesses and professionals must be registered as an approved type of organization in the Brønnøysund Register Centre. Individual applicants must be of age (18 years) and be registered in Folkeregisteret. All applicants must have a Norwegian postal address.

Also unofficially used and marketed as a domain hack (for example oh.no, what.no, etc.).

YesYesYesYes
.np   NepalAll .np domains are free to register for individuals and registered businesses. Foreign businesses must provide proof of local presence in Nepal. NoNo
.nr NauruWas previously used as a free domain service to the public as co.nr.[32] NoYes
.nu NiueCommonly used by Danish, Dutch and Swedish websites, because in those languages "nu" means "now". Yes[cctld 18]YesYesYes
.nz New Zealand Māori[cctld 19]YesYes[33]Yes
.om OmanRegistrant must have company or trademark registered in Oman as well as a local administrative contact. YesNo
.pa Panama NoNo
.pe Peru YesYesYes
.pf French Polynesia (France)Polynésie françaiseWith Clipperton Island NoYes
.pg Papua New Guinea NoNo
.ph Philippines NoYes
.pk PakistanOperated by PKNIC since 1992 NoYes
.pl Poland Yes[cctld 20]YesYes
.pm Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (France)Pierre and MiquelonRestricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12] YesYes
.pn Pitcairn Islands (United Kingdom)As a part of a marketing campaign, Lionsgate used the TLD for some (now defunct) sites related to The Hunger Games franchise, presenting it as the "official" country code of the fictional nation of Panem, notable sites included thecapitol.pn and revolution.pn. NoYes
.pr Puerto Rico (United States) YesYes
.ps Palestine[34]Jerusalem, West Bank and Gaza Strip. NoYes
.pt Portugal PortugueseYesYesYes[35]
.pw PalauPelew YesYesYesYes[36]
.py Paraguay NoNo
.qa Qatar NoNo
.re Réunion (France)Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12] Yes[cctld 13]YesYes
.ro Romania Yes[37]Yes[38]YesYes[39]
.rs SerbiaRepublika SrbijaSee also .срб (.srb in Cyrillic). Also unofficially used for Rust (programming language)-related domains. YesYesYesYes
.ru RussiaSee also .su, still in use, and .рф, for IDN. NoYesYesYes
.rw Rwanda NoYes
.sa Saudi ArabiaRegistrant must have a registered trademark in Saudi Arabia matching the domain name to register or provide company incorporation documents of a company in Saudi Arabia or for personal registrations a copy of valid ID. A letter on the official letterhead of your organization addressed to SaudiNIC requesting the domain name registration is also required. Local administrative contact required. 2LD registrations rolled out in 2011.[40] Arabic[11]Yes[41]YesYes[42]
.sb Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands, BritishAlso unofficially used for SpongeBob SquarePants-related domains. YesNo
.sc SeychellesAlso unofficially used for Snapchat-related domains. YesYes
.sd Sudan NoYes
.se Sweden Yes[cctld 21]YesYesYes
.sg Singapore YesYes
.sh Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) NIC.SH (run by Internet Computer Bureau) Yes[cctld 22]YesYes
.si Slovenia Yes[cctld 23]YesYes
.sk SlovakiaRestricted to Slovak companies, organisations and citizens. YesYesYes
.sl Sierra Leone YesYes
.sm San MarinoDomain name must be same as company name or trademark. NoYes
.sn SenegalRegistration allowed for companies only. Individuals are not allowed to register. YesYes
.so SomaliaRelaunched on 1 November 2010. NoNoYes
.sr Suriname NoYes
.ss South SudanAdded to the DNS root zone in February 2019. Registry is not yet available. Yes
.st São Tomé and PríncipeAlso unofficially used in South Tyrol (or province of Bozen, see .bz). NoYes
.su Soviet UnionStill in use. Also unofficially used by Student Unions. Yes[cctld 24]YesYesYes[cctld 25]
.sv El Salvador NoNo
.sx Sint Maarten (Kingdom of the Netherlands).si, .sm, and .ms already allocated YesNo
.sy Syria NoYes
.sz EswatiniSwazilandRegistration is restricted to Eswatini organizations with Eswatini Trading Licenses. NoNo
.tc Turks and Caicos Islands (United Kingdom)Also marketed in Turkey. The official abbreviation of 'Türkiye Cumhuriyeti' (Republic of Turkey) is TC. NoYes
.td ChadTchadAvailable for registration to entities connected with Chad only. NoYes
.tf French Southern and Antarctic LandsTerres australes et antarctiques françaisesSeldom used. Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. Domains must be longer than two characters. It has also been adopted by the community of the game Team Fortress 2.[cctld 12] Yes[cctld 13]YesYes
.tg Togo NoYes
.th Thailand YesYesNo
.tj Tajikistan NoYes
.tk TokelauAlso used as a free domain service to the public. NoYes
.tl East TimorTimor-LesteOld code .tp is deactivated since 2015. YesYes
.tm Turkmenistan Yes[cctld 26]YesYes
.tn TunisiaCurrently being marketed as the unofficial domain for Tamil Nadu [43] YesYesYesYes
.to TongaOften used unofficially for Torrent, Turin (Torino in Italian), Toronto, Tokyo, or Tocantins, and also as a domain hack in Slavic languages (to meaning it). YesNoYes
.tr Turkey.nc.tr used by Northern Cyprus Yes[cctld 27]NoYesYes[44]
.tt Trinidad and Tobago YesYes
.tv TuvaluUsed as an abbreviation of television, the domain is currently operated by dotTV, a VeriSign company; the Tuvalu government owns twenty percent of the company. YesYes
.tw TaiwanRegistration allowed worldwide, local presence not required. In line with ISO 3166-1, IANA's official position is that "TW" is "designated for use to represent "Taiwan."[45] Yes[cctld 28]YesYes
.tz TanzaniaMust have a presence in Tanzania YesNo
.ua UkraineUkrainaUkrainian trademark required YesYes
.ug Uganda YesYes
.uk United KingdomThe ISO 3166-1 code for the United Kingdom is GB. UK is a specially reserved ISO 3166-1 code. However, the creation of the .uk TLD predates the ISO 3166-1 list of ccTLD and is the primary TLD for the United Kingdom.[46] Nominet UKYesYesYes
.us United States of AmericaRegistrants must be United States citizens, residents, or organizations, or a foreign entity with a presence in the United States. Formerly commonly used by U.S. State and local governments, see also .gov TLD. NeustarYesYes
.uy Uruguay2LD rollout began on 10 July 2012.[47] YesYes
.uz Uzbekistan NoYes
.va  Vatican CityLimited to the official sites of the Holy See (including those of the Vatican City State). NoNo
.vc Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVincent Partial[25]Yes
.ve VenezuelaRegistration is at the third level. YesNo
.vg British Virgin Islands (United Kingdom)Virgin Islands YesYes
.vi United States Virgin Islands (United States)Virgin Islands NoYes
.vn Vietnam Yes[cctld 29]YesYes
.vu Vanuatu YesYes
.wf Wallis and FutunaRestricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12] Yes[cctld 13]YesYes
.ws SamoaWestern SamoaMarketed for use in general Websites YesYes[48]Yes
.ye Yemen NoNo
.yt MayotteRestricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12]Also unofficially used for YouTube-related domains. Yes[cctld 13]YesYes
.za South AfricaZuid-Afrika YesYes
.zm Zambia NoYes[cctld 30]
.zw Zimbabwe NoNo


Notes

  1. (17 November 2009) Spanish-Portuguese specific characters (á, â, ã, à, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü, ñ, ç) allowed, as approved by law
  2. Mostly latin characters (à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ œ š ž), see IDN Zeichentabelle (PDF, in german language).
  3. Currently not allowed, but some higher-learning institutions were grandfathered in.
  4. "About Internationalized Domain Names" (PDF). Cira.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  5. Since March 2004, see details
  6. IDN not adopted due to lack of public and corporate interest[16]
  7. 93 non-ASCII characters, see details
  8. (1 January 2004), (æ, ø, å, ö, ä, ü, & é): see details Archived 19 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  9. Estonian domain names to incorporate diacritics (IDN) Starting from 13 June 2011 "Estonian domain names to incorporate diacritics (IDN)". Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  10. Supported characters (Latin, Greek, Cyrillic): see details Archived 20 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  11. (September 2005) Supported characters (Latin): see details
  12. (6 December 2011) "Opening to Europe of the .fr, .wf, .re, .yt, .pm, and .tf TLDs"..
    Before restricted to residents of the corresponding French territory.
  13. "Availability of IDN on the .fr, .yt, .pm, .wf, .tf, and .re TLDs". Afnic.fr. Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  14. Support for Greek characters since July 2005, see details Archived 5 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  15. "Now, get Internet domain names in regional languages". The Hindu. The Hindu. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  16. "Idn: un successo". Nic.it. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  17. ".my Domain Registry". Domainregistry.my. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  18. see
  19. "F.A.Q. for Domain Names with macrons (IDNs) - .nz Domain Name Commission". Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  20. "www.dns.pl: IDN". Archived from the original on 10 August 2003. Retrieved 11 September 2003.
  21. (October 2003), for Swedish characters, summer 2007 also for Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami, and Yiddish: see details
  22. "IDN Code Points Policy for the .SH Top Level Domain" (PDF). Nic.sh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  23. Since October 2010, see details
  24. (28 April 2008) see details Archived 19 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  25. "ccTLD.su". Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  26. "IDN Code Points Policy for the .TM Top Level Domain" (PDF). Nic.tm. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  27. (14 November 2006): see details
  28. Traditional Chinese characters: see details
  29. "TRUNG TÂM INTERNET VIÊT NAM – Tên mien tieng viet". Archived from the original on 23 January 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  30. Restricted to ISPs and other undefined entities. See .zm

Internationalized country code top-level domains

Internationalized country code top-level domains[49]
DNS nameIDN ccTLDCountry/RegionLanguageScriptTransliterationCommentsOther ccTLDDNSSEC
xn--lgbbat1ad8j.الجزائر AlgeriaArabicArabic (Arabic)al-Jazā'ir.dzNo
xn--y9a3aq.հայ ArmeniaArmenianArmenianhay.amYes
xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a.البحرين BahrainArabicArabical-BahrainNot in use.bhNo
xn--54b7fta0cc.বাংলা BangladeshBengaliBengaliBangla.bdYes
xn--90ais.бел BelarusBelarusianCyrillicbel.byNo
xn--90ae.бг[50] BulgariaBulgarianCyrillicbg.bgNo
xn--fiqs8s.中国 ChinaChineseChinese (Simplified)Zhōngguó.cnYes
xn--fiqz9s.中國 ChinaChineseChinese (Traditional)Zhōngguó.cnYes
xn--wgbh1c.مصر EgyptArabicArabic (Arabic)Miṣr / Maṣr[51].egYes
xn--e1a4c.ею European UnionBulgarianCyrilliceyu.euYes
xn--qxa6a.ευ European UnionGreekGreekeyNot in use.eu
xn--node.გე GeorgiaGeorgianGeorgian (Mkhedruli)GE.geNo
xn--qxam.ελ[50] GreeceGreekGreekelIn use since July 2018.grNo
xn--j6w193g.香港 Hong KongChineseChinese (Simplified and Traditional)Hoeng1 gong2.hkYes
xn--h2brj9c.भारत IndiaHindiDevanagariBhāratBecame available 27 August 2014[52].inYes
xn--mgbbh1a71e.بھارت IndiaUrduArabic (Urdu)BhāratBecame available 2017.inYes
xn--fpcrj9c3d.భారత్ IndiaTeluguTeluguBhārataBecame available 2017.inYes
xn--gecrj9c.ભારત IndiaGujaratiGujaratiBhāratBecame available 2017.inYes
xn--s9brj9c.ਭਾਰਤ IndiaPunjabiGurmukhīBhāratBecame available 2017.inYes
xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h.இந்தியா IndiaTamilTamilIntiyāBecame available 2015.inYes
xn--45brj9c.ভারত IndiaBengaliBengaliBharôtBecame available 2017.inYes
xn--2scrj9c.ಭಾರತ IndiaKannadaKannadaBhārataBecame available 2020.in
xn--rvc1e0am3e.ഭാരതം IndiaMalayalamMalayalamBhāratamBecame available 2020.in
xn--45br5cyl.ভাৰত IndiaAssameseBengaliBharatamNot in use.in
xn--3hcrj9c.ଭାରତ IndiaOriyaOriyaBhāratNot in use.in
xn--mgbbh1a.بارت IndiaKashmiriArabic (Kashmiri)BāratNot in use.in
xn--h2breg3eve.भारतम् IndiaSanskritDevanagariBhāratamNot in use.in
xn--h2brj9c8c.भारोत IndiaSantaliDevanagariBharotNot in use.in
xn--mgbgu82a.ڀارت IndiaSindhiArabic (Sindhi)BhāratNot in use.in
xn--mgba3a4f16a.ایران IranPersianArabic (Persian)Īrān.irNo
xn--mgbtx2b.عراق IraqArabicArabic (Arabic)ʿIrāqNot in use.iqNo
xn--4dbrk0ce.ישראל IsraelHebrewHebrewIsraelNot delegated.ilNo
xn--mgbayh7gpa.الاردن JordanArabicArabic (Arabic)al-Urdun.joNo
xn--80ao21a.қаз KazakhstanKazakhCyrillic (Kazakh)qaz.kzNo
xn--q7ce6a.ລາວ LaosLaoLaoLaoBecame available 2020.la
xn--mix082f.澳门 MacaoChineseChinese (Simplified)Ou3 mun4 / ÀoménNot in use.moNo
xn--mix891f.澳門 MacaoChineseChinese (Traditional)Ou3 mun4 / ÀoménBecame available 2020.moNo
xn--mgbx4cd0ab.مليسيا MalaysiaMalayArabic (Jawi)Malaysīyā.myYes
xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd.موريتانيا MauritaniaArabicArabic (Arabic)Mūrītāniyā.mrNo
xn--l1acc.мон MongoliaMongolianCyrillic (Mongolian)mon.mnYes
xn--mgbc0a9azcg.المغرب MoroccoArabicArabic (Arabic)al-Maġrib.maNo
xn--d1alf.мкд North MacedoniaMacedonianCyrillic (Macedonian)mkd.mkNo
xn--mgb9awbf.عمان OmanArabicArabic (Arabic)ʿUmān.omNo
xn--mgbai9azgqp6j.پاکستان PakistanUrduArabic (Urdu)Pākistān.pkYes
xn--ygbi2ammx.فلسطين Palestinian AuthorityArabicArabic (Arabic)Filasṭīn.psNo
xn--wgbl6a.قطر QatarArabicArabic (Arabic)Qaṭar.qaNo
xn--p1ai.рф RussiaRussianCyrillic (Russian)rf.ruYes
xn--mgberp4a5d4ar.السعودية Saudi ArabiaArabicArabic (Arabic)as-Suʿūdīya.saYes[41]
xn--90a3ac.срб SerbiaSerbianCyrillic (Serbian)srb.rsNo
xn--yfro4i67o.新加坡 SingaporeChineseChinese (Simplified and Traditional)Xīnjiāpō.sgYes
xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd.சிங்கப்பூர் SingaporeTamilTamilCinkappūr.sgYes
xn--3e0b707e.한국 South KoreaKoreanHangulHan-guk.krYes
xn--fzc2c9e2c.ලංකා Sri LankaSinhalaSinhalaLanka.lkPartial[25]
xn--xkc2al3hye2a.இலங்கை Sri LankaTamilTamilIlaṅkai.lkPartial[25]
xn--mgbpl2fh.سودان SudanArabicArabic (Arabic)Sūdān.sdNo
xn--ogbpf8fl.سورية SyriaArabicArabic (Arabic)Sūriyya.syYes
xn--kprw13d.台湾 TaiwanChineseChinese (Simplified)Táiwān.twYes
xn--kpry57d.台灣 TaiwanChineseChinese (Traditional)Táiwān.twYes
xn--o3cw4h.ไทย ThailandThaiThaiThai.thYes
xn--pgbs0dh.تونس TunisiaArabicArabic (Arabic)Tūnis.tnYes
xn--j1amh.укр UkraineUkrainianCyrillic (Ukrainian)ukr.uaNo
xn--mgbaam7a8h.امارات United Arab EmiratesArabicArabic (Arabic)Imārāt.aeNo
xn--mgb2ddes.اليمن YemenArabicArabic (Arabic)al-YamanNot delegated.yeNo

Proposed internationalized ccTLDs

Internationalised domain names have been proposed for Japan and Libya.

ICANN-era generic top-level domains

A

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.academyacademic institutesDonuts[donuts 1]YesYes
.accountantaccountants and accounting firmsGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.accountantsaccountants and accounting firmsDonuts[donuts 2]YesYes
.activegeneralThe Active NetworkUn­knownYes
.actoractorsRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.adsadvertisingCharleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.adultadult entertainment (pornography)For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.ICM RegistryYesYes
.aeroair-transport industryMust verify eligibility for registration; only those in various categories of air-travel-related entities may register.SITANoNo
.africaAfrican and pan-African topics, African Union ZA Central RegistryUn­knownYes
.agencybusiness associationsDonuts[donuts 3]Yes[11]Yes
.airforcedefense contractorsRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.amazonReserved for AmazonAmazon
.analyticsReserved for SAS InstituteCampus IP LLC[54]
.apartmentsapartmentsDonutsYesYes
.appApps[55]Google[n 2]Un­knownYes
.appleApple[56]Apple
.archiarchitects and architect firms[57]Restricted to individuals and organizations that can verify participation in architecture industry.[58]STARTING DOT LIMITEDUn­knownYes
.armydefense contractorsRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.artartists, museums, art galleries, dealers, service providers and contractorsUK Creative IdeasYesYes
.associatesbusiness associationsDonuts[donuts 4]YesYes
.attorneyattorneys and legal organizationsRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.auctionauctionsRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.audibleReserved for AudibleAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.audiostereo/sound systems, musicUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.authorwriters and authorsAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.autovehiclesCars Registry Limited[54]
.autosvehiclesDERAutosUn­knownYes
.awsReserved for Amazon Web ServicesAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]

B

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.babyJohnson & Johnson Services, Inc.[54]
.bandRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.bankbanksRestricted to banks and savings associationsfTLD Registry Services, LLCUn­knownYes
.barBars and related industryPunto 2012YesYes
.barefootReserved for Gallo Vineyards Inc.Gallo Vineyards, Inc.[54]
.bargainscoupons and online sellersDonuts[donuts 5]YesYes
.baseballbaseballMLB Advanced Media DH, LLC[54]
.basketballbasketballFédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)[54]
.beautybeauty products and servicesL'Oréal[54]
.beerbreweries and beer aficionadosMinds + Machines[n 3]Un­knownYes
.bestBestTLD Pty LtdUn­knownYes
.bestbuyReserved for Best BuyBBY Solutions, Inc.[54]
.betgamblingAfilias plc[54]
.bibleRespect for "the Bible", "God as He is revealed in the Bible", and "orthodox" Christianity[60][61]American Bible Society[54]
.bidauctionsGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]YesYes
.bikebicyclesDonuts[donuts 6]Yes[62]Yes
.bingobingoDonutsYesYes
.bioOrganic agriculture[63]Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrants who are "producers, transformers and retailers, or otherwise involved in the field of agriculture, food and farming" must comply with the Principles of Organic Agriculture.[64][65]Afilias[66]Un­knownYes
.bizbusinessOpen TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not held by commercial entities in accordance with the domain's charter. This TLD was created to provide relief for the .com TLD, where many names have already been taken.NeuStarYes[11]Yes
.blackthose who like the color black[67]AfiliasYesYes
.blackfridayBlack Friday, retailUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.blockbusterReserved for Blockbuster LLCDish DBS Corporation[54]
.blogBlogsAutomattic[68]Un­knownYes
.bluethose who like the color blue[69]AfiliasYesYes
.booGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.bookbooksAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.bootsReserved for Boots Company LtdTHE BOOTS COMPANY PLC[54]
.botRestricted to online "bots" using approved frameworks (Amazon Lex, Dialogflow, Gupshup, Microsoft Bot Framework, and Pandorabots) Amazon allows users to contact them if they have a bot outside of these frameworks. [70] Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.boutiquespecialized businessesDonuts[donuts 7]YesYes
.boxindividuals and businesses, in order to promote personal cloud storageNS1 LimitedYesYes
.broadwayBroadway theatreCelebrate Broadway, Inc.[54]
.brokerDOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD[54]
.buildconstruction industryOpen Top Level Domain—[71]Plan Bee LLCYesYes
.buildersconstruction workersDonuts[donuts 8]YesYes
.businessbusinessesDonuts[donuts 9]YesYes
.buysalesAmazon Registry Services, INC[54]
.buzzmarketing and social networkingDOTSTRATEGYYesYes

C

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.cabcabs and taxi companiesDonuts[donuts 10]YesYes
.cafecoffee industryDonutsYesYes
.callAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.camentertainment[72]Acwebconnecting—[73]YesYes
.cameracamera-related businessesDonuts[donuts 11]YesYes
.campcamps and campingDonuts[donuts 12]YesYes
.cancerresearchOrganizations, research institutes and individuals interested in ending cancer through research[74]Australian Cancer Research FoundationUn­knownYes
.capitalfinancial firmsDonuts[donuts 13]YesYes
.carvehiclesCars Registry Limited[54]
.cardsgeneralDonuts[donuts 14]YesYes
.carehealthcare industryDonuts[donuts 15]YesYes
.careerjobs and job-searchingdotCareer LLCYesYes
.careersEmploymentDonuts[donuts 16]YesYes
.carsAutomotiveUniregistryYesYes
.caseReserved for CNH IndustrialCNH Industrial N.V.[54]
.cashfinancialDonuts[donuts 17]YesYes
.casinocasinosDonutsYesYes
.cateringFood serviceDonuts[donuts 18]YesYes
.catholicCatholicismPontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communications)[54]
.centergeneralDonuts[donuts 19]YesYes
.cernCERNCERNUn­knownUn­known
.ceoCEOs[75]CEOTLD Pty LtdUn­knownYes
.cfdcontracts for difference trading Reserved for IG Group Holdings plcDOTCFD REGISTRY LTD[54]
.channelGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.chatonline chatDonutsYesYes
.cheapResellersDonuts[donuts 20]YesYes
.christmasChristmasUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.churchchurchesDonuts[donuts 21]YesYes
.circleAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.citygeneralDonuts[donuts 22]YesYes
.claimsretail, auctionsDonuts[donuts 23]YesYes
.cleaningCleaning servicesDonuts[donuts 24]YesYes
.clickUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.clinichealthcare clinicsDonuts[donuts 25]YesYes
.clothingApparelDonuts[donuts 26]YesYes
.cloudAruba S.p.A.
.clubgroups, organizations, assemblies, communities, general[76].CLUB DOMAINSYes[77]Yes
.coachtravel (flights and motor coaches)DonutsYesYes
.codescomputer and/or encryption code enthusiastsDonuts[donuts 27]YesYes
.coffeecafés and coffee aficionadosDonuts[donuts 28]YesYes
.collegeEducationalXYZ.comYesYes
.communitysocial groups, neighborhoodsDonuts[donuts 29]YesYes
.companybusiness associationsDonuts[donuts 30]YesYes
.compareReserved for iSelect LtdiSelect Ltd[54]
.computerTechnologyDonuts[donuts 31]YesYes
.condosReal estateDonuts[donuts 32]YesYes
.constructionConstruction industryDonuts[donuts 33]YesYes
.consultinghired advisorsRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.contactTop Level Spectrum, Inc.[54]
.contractorsRemodeling and independent businessesDonuts[donuts 34]YesYes
.cookingsharing recipesMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.coolGeneral interestsDonuts[donuts 35]YesYes
.coopcooperativesThe .coop TLD is limited to cooperatives as defined by the Rochdale Principles.DotCooperationNoYes
.countrygeneralMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.coupondiscounts and rebatesAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.couponscouponsDonutsYesYes
.courseseducationOpen Universities Australia Pty Ltd[54]
.creditFinancial institutionsDonuts[donuts 36]YesYes
.creditcardFinancial institutionsDonuts[donuts 37]YesYes
.cruisecruise vacationingViking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.[54]
.cricketcricketGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.cruisescruise businesses and travelDonuts[donuts 38]YesYes

D

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.dadfamiliesGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.danceDance studios and companiesRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.dataDish DBS Corporation[54]
.dateonline datingGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.datingonline datingDonuts[donuts 39]YesYes
.daygeneralGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.dealsalesAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.dealsonline shopping and couponingDonuts[donuts 40]YesYes
.degreegeneralRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.deliverygeneralDonuts[donuts 41]YesYes
.democratDemocratic Party politicsRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.dentaldentistsDonuts[donuts 42]YesYes
.dentistdentistsRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.designgraphic art and fashionTop Level DesignYesYes
.devdevelopmentGoogleUn­knownYes
.diamondsdiamond and jewelry industryDonuts[donuts 43]YesYes
.dietdieting and dietary UniregistryYes[59]Yes
.digitalgeneralDonuts[donuts 44]YesYes
.directgeneralDonuts[donuts 45]Un­knownYes
.directorygeneral directoryDonuts[donuts 46]YesYes
.discountgeneralDonuts[donuts 47]YesYes
.diydo-it-yourselfLifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.docsCharleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.doctordoctors and medical professionalsBrice Trail, LLC[54]
.dogdog stores and ownersDonutsYesYes
.domainsdomain registriesDonuts[donuts 48]YesYes
.dotDish DBS Corporation[54]
.downloadtechnologyGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.drivevehiclesCharleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.duckReserved for Duck®Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.[54]

E

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.earthInterlink Co., Ltd.[54]
.eatrestaurants and foodiesGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.ecoSustainability minded companies, non-profits and professionals.[78]Open to anyone pledging a commitment to sustainability action.[79]Big Room Inc.[80]NoYes
.educationeducational institutesDonuts[donuts 49]YesYes
.emailemailDonuts[donuts 50]YesYes
.energyenergy industry and marketingDonuts[donuts 51]YesYes
.engineerengineers and engineering firmsRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.engineeringengineering firmsDonuts[donuts 52]YesYes
.edekaedeka firmsEDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.YesYes
.enterprisesbusiness associationsDonuts[donuts 53]YesYes
.equipmentequipment-related businessesDonuts[donuts 54]YesYes
.esqlawyers, law firms, legal professionalsTo be restricted to verified lawyers and attorneys[81]Google[n 2]Un­knownYes
.estatereal estate businessesDonuts[donuts 55]YesYes
.eventshappeningsDonuts[donuts 56]YesYes
.exchangegeneric tradeDonuts[donuts 57]YesYes
.expertgeneric expertiseDonuts[donuts 58]YesYes
.exposedgeneral interestDonuts[donuts 59]YesYes
.expressshippingDonutsYesYes

F

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.failcriticism, editorializing, providing input or satire Donuts[donuts 60]Un­knownYes
.faithreligion and churchesGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.familyfamiliesUn­knownYes
.fanAsiamix Digital Ltd[54]
.fansgeneralUn­knownYes
.farmfarms and agricultureDonuts[donuts 61]YesYes
.fashionclothing industryMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.fastAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.feedbackfeedback and reviewsTop Level SpectrumUn­knownYes
.fiat Only FIAT S.P.A. and its Affiliates (and qualifying Trademark Licensees as defined in, and in accordance with Specification 13 of the Registry Agreement (“Specification 13”) where applicable) are eligible to register a Domain Name under the .FIAT TLD.[82] Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.[83]Un­knownYes
.filmfilmsMotion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd[54]
.finalfinal versions of anythingNúcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br[54]
.financefinancialDonuts[donuts 62]YesYes
.financialfinancialDonuts[donuts 63]YesYes
.fireReserved for Amazon (promotion of Fire devices)Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.fishfishing businesses, sports, and interestsDonuts[donuts 64]YesYes
.fishingfishing businesses, sports, and interestsMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.fitFitness and exerciseMinds + Machines[n 3]Un­knownYes
.fitnessFitness and exerciseDonuts[donuts 65]YesYes
.flightsairline businesses and travelDonuts[donuts 66]YesYes
.floristfloristsDonuts[donuts 67]YesYes
.flowersflorists and gardensUniregistryYesYes
.flytravelTo be restricted to verified airlines, travel agencies and travel resellers[84]Google[n 2]Un­knownYes
.fooweb development[85]Google[n 2]Un­knownYes
.foodLifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.foodnetworkReserved for Food NetworkLifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.footballsoccer and American footballDonutsYesYes
.forsaleonline retailRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.forumforumsFegistry, LLC[54]
.foundationcharitable organizationsDonuts[donuts 68]YesYes
.freesalesAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.frontdoorLifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.funRadix RegistryUn­knownUn­known
.fundfinancialDonuts[donuts 69]YesYes
.furniturefurniture businessesDonuts[donuts 70]YesYes
.futbolassociation football
.fyi"for your information"DonutsYesYes

G

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.galleryphoto and art galleriesDonuts[donuts 71]YesYes
.gamegamingUniregistry, Corp.[54]
.gamesgamingUnited TLD Holdco Ltd.[54]
.gardengardeningMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.gaygay individuals or supportive organisationsTop Level Design [n 4]YesYes

[86]

.gdngeneralGDN RegistryUn­knownUn­known
.giftgift-givingUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.giftsgift-givingDonuts[donuts 72]YesYes
.givescharities and gift-givingRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.glasswindow sales and repairsDonuts[donuts 73]YesYes
.gleGoogle abbreviationsIn use for some URL abbreviations related to Google such as forms.gle and goo.gle.Charleston Road Registry Inc. (a Google subsidiary)[87]Un­knownYes
.globalgeneralDot GLOBALYesYes
.goldgold and luxuryDonutsUn­knownYes
.golfgolfDonutsYesYes
.googleGoogleIn use for some websites related to Google such as blog.google.Alphabet Inc.Un­knownYes
.gopRepublican Party politicsRepublican State Leadership CommitteeSpanish[88]Yes
.graphicsgraphicsDonuts[donuts 74]YesYes
.greenthe environmentally-focused"As a Registrant you may not ... use a .green name or its content in a way that negatively affects the mission, purpose of the .green TLD, or its brand."[89]AfiliasUn­knownYes
.gripeopinion sitesDonuts[donuts 75]YesYes
.grocerygrocery storesWal-Mart Stores, Inc.[54]
.groupRomeo Town, LLC[54]
.guidehelp sitesDonuts[donuts 76]YesYes
.guitarsGuitarsUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.gurugeneric expertiseDonuts[donuts 77]Yes[90]Yes

H

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.hairhaircare products and servicesL'Oreal[54]
.hangoutReserved for Google HangoutsCharleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.healthhealth and related topics DotHealth, LLC[54]
.healthcarehealthcare industryDonuts[donuts 78]Un­knownYes
.helphelp sitesUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.heregeneric geographicGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.hiphopHip hop cultureUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.hivAIDS and HIVdotHIVUn­knownYes
.hockeyhockeyDonutsYesYes
.holdingsreal estate or financial businessDonuts[donuts 79]YesYes
.holidayholiday gift industryDonuts[donuts 80]YesYes
.homegoodsReserved for HomeGoodsThe TJX Companies, Inc.[54]
.homesreal estate professionalsDominion EnterprisesUn­knownYes
.homesenseReserved for HomeSenseThe TJX Companies, Inc.[54]
.horsehorse-related businesses and interestMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.hospitalhospitals and healthcare centresRuby Pike, LLC[54]
.hostnetwork companiesRadix RegistryUn­knownYes
.hostingUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.hotAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.hotelshotels and hospitality servicesBooking.com B.V.[54]
.housereal estate and construction businessesDonuts[donuts 81]YesYes
.howhow-to guidesGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes

I

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.iceReserved for Intercontinental ExchangeIntercontinentalExchange, Inc.[54]
.icu entrepreneurs and business owners ShortDot SA
.industriesindustrial businessesDonuts[donuts 82]YesYes
.infoinformationAfiliasGerman[11]Yes
.ingVerbal suffix: e.g., "jump.ing".Google[n 2]Un­knownYes
.inkcreative printing or tattooing[91]Top Level DesignYesYes
.institute[92]Donuts[donuts 83]YesYes
.insuranceinsurance companiesfTLD Registry Services LLC[54]
.insureinsurance companiesDonuts[donuts 84]YesYes
.internationalinternational entitiesDonuts[donuts 85]YesYes
.investmentsfinancialDonuts[donuts 86]YesYes

J

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.jewelryjewelry storesDonutsYesYes
.jobsEmploymentFor websites with job opportunities and job listings.[93]Employ MediaNoYes
.joyAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]

K

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.kimKim (Korean surname)AfiliasUn­knownYes
.kitchenfood industry and remodelingDonuts[donuts 87]YesYes

L

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.landreal estateDonuts[donuts 88]YesYes
.latfor Latin American communities and users wherever they may resideECOM-LAC[54]
.lawpractitioners and educators in lawRestricted to qualified lawyers, courts of law, law schools, and legal regulators.[94]Minds + Machines Group Limited[54]
.lawyerlawyers and legal organizationsRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.leasefinancingDonuts[donuts 89]YesYes
.legallawyers and legal organizationsDonutsYesYes
.lgbtthe lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community"Registrants are prohibited from using the .LGBT domain in a manner that is harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, or hateful with respect to the LGBT community."[95]AfiliasUn­knownYes
.lifegeneralDonuts[donuts 90]YesYes
.lifeinsurancelife insuranceAmerican Council of Life Insurers[54]
.lightinglightingDonuts[donuts 91]YesYes
.likeAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.limitedlimited companies and private companies limited by sharesDonuts[donuts 92]YesYes
.limolimousine businessesDonuts[donuts 93]YesYes
.linkconnecting to information[96]UniregistryYes[59]Yes
.liveUnited TLD Holdco Ltd.[54]
.livingLifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.loanbanks and lendersGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.loansbanks and lendersDonuts[donuts 94]YesYes
.lockerReserved for DISH DBS CorporationDish DBS Corporation[54]
.lolLOL: laughing out loudUniregistry[97]Un­knownYes
.lottolotteryAfiliasUn­knownYes
.lovedating sitesUn­knownYes
.ltdlimited companies and private companies limited by shares DonutsUn­knownYes
.luxurybusinesses catering to the wealthyLuxury PartnersYesYes

M

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.makeupcosmetics products and retailers L'Oréal[54]
.managementbusiness managementDonuts[donuts 95]YesYes
.mapmaps and navigationCharleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]No
.marketmarketing services and retailersRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.marketingmarketing servicesDonuts[donuts 96]YesYes
.marketsfinancial and stock marketsIG GroupUn­knownYes
.mbaMasters in Business AdministrationDonutsYesYes
.medmedicine and related topicsMedistry LLC[54]
.mediageneral media interestsDonuts[donuts 97]YesYes
.meetsocial gatherings, meeting new peopleAfiliasUn­knownYes
.memeInternet memesGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.memorialmemorial sitesDonutsYesYes
.menmenGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.menurestaurantsWedding TLD2YesYes
.mintReserved for Intuit MintIntuit Administrative Services, Inc.[54]
.mobimobile devicesMust be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards.AfiliasYesYes
.mobileDish DBS Corporation[54]
.mobilyReserved for MobilyGreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[54]
.moeJapanese otaku culture; see moe (slang)InterlinkYesYes
.momUniregistry, Corp.[54]
.moneyfinancialDonutsYesYes
.monsterorganizationsxyz.comYesYes
.mortgagemortgage lendersRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.motorcyclesmotorcyclesDERMotorcyclesUn­knownYes
.movdigital videoGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.moviemovies and cinemasDonutsYesYes
.museummuseumsMust be verified as a legitimate museum.Museum Domain Management AssociationLatin script[11]Yes
.music Music dissemination and appreciation Under contention

N

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.nameindividuals, by nameOpen TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals (or the owners of fictional characters) in accordance with the domain's charter.VerisignYes[11]Yes
.navydefense contractorsRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.networkgeneralDonuts[donuts 98]YesYes
.newwebsites where people can create somethingThe second-level domain name must be the thing to be created immediately when a user visits the .new website. Most likely, the .new will redirect to a company's main website.Google[n 2]Un­knownYes
.newsnews sitesUn­knownYes
.ngoNon-governmental organizations.
Sold packaged with .ong.
Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements.Public Interest RegistryUn­knownYes
.ninjageneral expertiseRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.nowAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.nttbusinesses Restricted to use by NTT Japan. Refer to the .ntt Registration Policies page for more information. Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation.[54]Un­known

O

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.observerReserved for The ObserverTop Level Spectrum, Inc.
.offReserved for Off!Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.[54]
.orggeneralPublic Interest Registry
.onegeneral.one (top-level domain)Un­knownYes
.ongNon-governmental organizations.
Sold packaged with .ngo.
Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements.Public Interest RegistryUn­knownYes
.onlshort for "online"I-REGISTRYUn­knownYes
.onlinegenericRadix RegistryUn­knownYes
.ooogeneralInfibeamNoYes
.openprivate to the "Registry Operator and its qualified Affiliates and Trademark Licensees"[98]American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.[54]
.organicorganic gardeners, farmers, foods, etc.Registrants must be verified as a member of the organic community.[99]AfiliasUn­knownYes
.originsReserved for OriginsThe Estée Lauder Companies Inc.[54]

P

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.pageReserved for Google and related content Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.partnersbusinessesDonuts[donuts 99]YesYes
.partsmanufacturing and consumer autoDonuts[donuts 100]YesYes
.partynightclubs and social gatheringsGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.payelectronic paymentsAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.petanimals and petsAfilias plc[54]
.pharmacypharmacies"All registrants within the .pharmacy gTLD are vetted prior to registration to confirm that they meet all applicable regulatory standards, including pharmacy licensure and valid prescription requirements, in the jurisdictions where they are based and where they serve patients."[100]National Association of Boards of PharmacyUn­knownYes
.phoneDish DBS Corporation[54]
.photophotography and photo-sharingUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.photographyphotography and photo-sharingDonuts[donuts 101]YesYes
.photosphotography and photo-sharingDonuts[donuts 102]YesYes
.physiophysical therapistsMust be eligible for membership within an association that is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, have proper training as a physical therapist outside WCPT's reach, or otherwise supports physical therapy.[101][102]PhysBizUn­knownYes
.picsphotography and photo-sharingUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.picturesphotography and photo-sharingDonuts[donuts 103]YesYes
.pidTop Level SpectrumUn­knownYes
.pinAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.pinkthose who like the color pinkAfiliasYesYes
.pizzapizza parlorsDonuts[donuts 104]YesYes
.placegeneralDonuts[donuts 105]YesYes
.plumbingplumbing businessesDonuts[donuts 106]YesYes
.plusgenericDonutsYesYes
.pokerPoker players and sitesAfilias[n 5]Un­knownYes
.pornadult entertainment (pornography)For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.YesYes
.postpostal servicesThe .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide "Trusted Postal Services".[103]Universal Postal UnionNo[104]Yes
.presspublishing and journalismRadix RegistryUn­knownYes
.primeReserved for Amazon PrimeAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.proprofessions/professionalsRegistry Services CorporationNoYes
.productionsstudio/art businessesDonuts[donuts 107]YesYes
.profProfessors, teachers and learningGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.promoadvertisingAfilias plc[54]
.propertiesreal estateDonuts[donuts 108]YesYes
.propertyreal estateUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.protectionsecurity XYZ.COM LLC[54]
.pubbars and pubsRightside Group[n 1]YesYes

Q

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.qponcouponsdotCOOLUn­knownYes

R

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.racingracingGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.radioradio stations European Broadcasting Union (EBU)[54]
.readebook websites Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.realestatereal estate dotRealEstate LLC[54]
.realtorrealtorsTo be restricted to members of the National Association of Realtors and the Canadian Real Estate Association, and related associations.[105]Real Estate DomainsUn­knownYes
.realtyrealty and housingFegistry, LLC[54]
.recipesrecipes and cookingDonuts[donuts 109]YesYes
.redthose who like the color red[106]
Also Spanish variant of .net
Also likely to be attractive for domain hacks for words that end with '-red'.
AfiliasYesYes
.rehabrehab centers and support sitesRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.reitreal estate investment trustsRestricted to REITs, as determined by national law.[107]National Association of Real Estate Investment TrustsUn­knownYes
.rentReal estate professionals and small businessesxyz.xyzUn­knownYes
.rentalsshort-term ownershipDonuts[donuts 110]YesYes
.repairgeneral repair/maintenance businessesDonuts[donuts 111]YesYes
.reportbusiness servicesDonuts[donuts 112]YesYes
.republicanRepublican Party politicsRightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.restRestaurants and related industryPunto 2012Yes[108]Yes
.restaurantrestaurantsDonuts[donuts 113]YesYes
.reviewpublic reviewsGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.reviewspublic reviewsRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.richbusinesses catering to the wealthyI-REGISTRYUn­knownYes
.ripmemorial sites[109]Rightside Group[n 1]Un­knownYes
.rocksgeneralRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.rodeoRodeo interestMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.roomAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.rugbyrugbyWorld Rugby Strategic Developments Limited[54]
.runrunning and joggingDonutsYesYes

S

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.safeAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.saleretailUn­knownYes
.saveAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.sbiState Bank of India
.scholarshipsscholarship relatedScholarships.com[110][111]Un­knownUn­known
.schoolschoolsDonuts[donuts 114]YesYes
.sciencescience-related sitesGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.searchsearch enginesCharleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.secureAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.securityXYZ.COM LLC[54]
.selectiSelect Ltd[54]
.servicesbusiness servicesDonuts[donuts 115]YesYes
.sexadult entertainment (pornography)For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.ICM RegistryYesYes
.sexyadult entertainmentUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.shoesshoesDonuts[donuts 116]YesYes
.shopGMO Registry, Inc.[54]
.shoppingOver Keep, LLC[54]
.showentertainment and vlogsDonutsYesYes
.showtimeCBS Domains Inc.[54]
.silkReserved for Amazon SilkAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.singlesonline datingDonuts[donuts 117]YesYes
.sitegeneralUn­knownYes
.skiSTARTING DOT LIMITED[54]
.skinskincare products and servicesL'Oréal[54]
.skySky International AG[54]
.slingReserved for Sling MediaHughes Satellite Systems Corporation[54]
.smileReserved for AmazonAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.sncf Reserved to the SNCF company. SNCF
.soccersoccerDonutsYesYes
.socialgeneral interestRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.softwarecomputer softwareRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.solarsolar-powerDonuts[donuts 118]YesYes
.solutionsbusiness servicesDonuts[donuts 119]YesYes
.songAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.spaceas a creative spaceRadix RegistryUn­knownYes
.spreadbettingDOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD[54]
.spotAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.sport sport institutions Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
.storageSelf Storage Company LLC[54]
.storestoresRadix RegistryYesYes
.streamstreaming mediaGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]
.studioart, fitness, & entertainmentRightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.studyeducationOPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD[54]
.stylefashionDonutsYesYes
.sucksgripe sitesVox PopuliUn­knownYes
.suppliesmanufacturing industriesDonuts[donuts 120]YesYes
.supplymanufacturing industriesDonuts[donuts 121]YesYes
.supporthelp pagesDonuts[donuts 122]Yes[112]Yes
.surfsurfingMinds + Machines[n 3]Un­knownYes
.surgeryhealthcare industryDonuts[donuts 123]YesYes
.systemstechnologyDonuts[donuts 124]YesYes

T

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.talkAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.tattootattoo aficionadosUniregistryYes[59]Yes
.taxfinancialDonutsYesYes
.taxitaxi servicesDonutsYesYes
.teamteam sportsDonutsYesYes
.techtechnologyRadix RegistryYesYes
.technologytechnologyDonutsYesYes
.telInternet communication servicesA contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System.Yes[113]Yes
.tennistennisDonutsYesYes
.theatertheaters and cinemasDonutsYesYes
.theatretheatreXYZ.COM LLC[54]
.ticketsticket resaleAccent Media Limited[54]
.tipsgeneral help topicsDonutsYesYes
.tirestire manufacturersDonutsYesYes
.todaygeneralDonutsYesYes
.toolsmanufacturing industriesDonutsYesYes
.topgeneralJiangsu BangningUn­knownYes
.tourstourismDonutsYesYes
.towngeneric geographicDonutsYesYes
.toystoy businessesDonutsYesYes
.tradebusinessesGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]YesYes
.tradingDOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD[54]
.trainingsports and fitnessDonutsYesYes
.traveltravel and tourism industry related sitesMust be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity.NoYes
.travelersinsuranceReserved for Travelers InsuranceTravelers TLD, LLC[54]
.trustArtemis Internet Inc[54]
.tubeLatin American Telecom LLC[54]
.tunesReserved for Amazon MusicAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]

U

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.uconnectNot assigned[54][114]
.universityyoung adults, university lifeDonutsYesYes
.uno

V

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.vacationstravelDonutsYesYes
.venturesfunding for start-upsDonutsYesYes
.vetveterans and veterinariansYesYes
.videovideo sharingUn­knownYes
.villasreal estate and/or travel businessesDonutsYesYes
.vipMinds + Machines Group Limited[54]
.visioneye-care businessesDonutsYesYes
.vodkavodka-related businesses and interestYesYes
.votedemocratic elections and campaign websitesMust use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[115]AfiliasUn­knownYes
.votingpolling sitesLatin and Cyrillic scripts[11]Yes
.voyagetravelDonutsYesYes

W

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.wanggeneral
Wǎng is a Chinese Mandarin pinyin rendering of 网 (traditional 網) meaning "web" or "portal".[116]
Wang is also a common surname in mainland China.
Zodiac RegistryYes[117]Yes
.watchwatchesDonutsYesYes
.watcheswatchesRichemont DNS Inc.[54]
.weatherweather and meteorologyReserved for The Weather ChannelInternational Business Machines Corporation[54]
.webcamweb cam shows and video sharingGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]YesYes
.websitegeneralRadix RegistryUn­knownYes
.wedengaged couples and wedding-oriented businessesThis TLD is intended primarily for engaged couples on a short-term basis (two years with large third-year renewal fees for second-level domains).[118]
And although the registry is advertising for multiple world languages, all domains appear to need to be in Latin script.[119]
NoYes
.weddingwedding-oriented businessesMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.whoswhogeneralAn open TLD, any person or entity is permitted to register. Conceived for those cited in one of the Who's Who reference titles published around the world, the registry was opened for use by private individuals, and for-profit and nonprofit entities, including those with social media aspirations. Registry policies allow for rapid takedown of non-compliant domains, for violations including imposturous registration of another's names, and proscribed uses, including pornography or adult services/applications.Who's Who RegistryYesYes
.wikiwikis"An open TLD for anyone interested in community resource creation"Top Level DesignYesYes
.wingames, Microsoft WindowsGlobal Registry Services Ltd[53]Un­knownYes
.wineWineUn­knownUn­known
.winnersReserved for TJX CompaniesThe TJX Companies, Inc.[54]
.workgeneralMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.worksgeneralDonutsYesYes
.worldgeneralDonutsYesYes
.wowAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.wtfgeneralDonutsYesYes

X

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.xxxadult entertainment (pornography)For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.UniregistryYesYes
.xyzgeneralXYZ.comYes[120]Yes

Y

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.yachtsyachtsDERYachts, LLC[54]
.yogayogaMinds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.youAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.youtubeGoogle, LLC

Z

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC
.zeroAmazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.zonegeneralDonutsYesYes

Chinese

Name Chinese term Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.renrén"people/person" in Mandarin pinyinRestricted TLD[121](Cancelled)[122]Un­knownYes
.shouji手机 shŏujīmobile phoneQIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
.tushu图书 túshūbooksAmazon Registry Services, Inc.
.wanggou网购 wǎnggòuonline shoppingAmazon Registry Services, Inc.
.weibo微博 wēibómicrobloggingSina Corporation
.xihuan喜欢 xǐhuānlikeQIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
.xinxìncredit; honestAlibaba Group

French

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.arteAssociation Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.[54]
.clinique"hospital" The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.[54]
.luxe"luxury" Minds + Machines[n 3]Un­knownYes
.maison"house"Donuts[donuts 125]Chinese, French, German, Spanish[123]Yes
.moi"me" Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.rsvpInvitations and repliesGoogle[n 2]Un­knownYes
.sarlSociété à responsabilité limitée, Francophone Limited liability companyDonuts[donuts 126]YesYes

German

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.eposte-mailDeutsche Post AG
.gmbhGmbHUpon request, you will be required to demonstrate current or pending designation as a GmbH company whose existence can be validated with the respective public authorities in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland. Binky Moon, LLC
.haus"house"Rightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.immobilien"real estate"Rightside Group[n 1]German[11]Yes
.jetzt"now"New TLD CompanyYesYes
.kaufen"buy"Rightside Group[n 1]German[11]Yes
.kinder"children"restricted .brand TLDFerrero Trading Lux S.A.
.reise"travel"Must be an eligible member of the travel business community; also, domain must be used for travel-related purposes.[124]dotreiseLatin script[11]Yes
.reisen"traveling"Donuts[donuts 127]German[11]Yes
.schule"school"Donuts[donuts 128]YesYes
.versicherung"insurance"Latin script[11]Yes

Hindi

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.desiदेसी, Hindi for the peoples and cultures of South Asia
See also Desi
Desi NetworksUn­knownYes
.shikshaशिक्षा, Marathi and Hindi for "education".AfiliasUn­knownYes

Italian

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.casa"house"Minds + Machines[n 3]YesYes
.immoFrench, German,[125] and Italian abbreviation for "real estate"Donuts[donuts 129]YesYes
.moda"fashion"Rightside Group[n 1]Spanish[11]Yes
.voto"vote", for election and campaign websitesMust use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[126] Initially only available to registrations in the United States.[127]AfiliasUn­knownYes

Portuguese

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.bomgoodNúcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
.passagensticketTravel Reservations SRL

Spanish

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC
.abogado"lawyer"To be restricted to licensed lawyers or law firms.[128]Minds + Machines[n 3]Un­knownYes
.futbol"Football" (soccer)Rightside Group[n 1]YesYes
.gratis"free"Donuts[donuts 130]YesYes
.hoteles"hotels"Travel Reservations SRL
.juegos"games"UniregistryYes[59]Yes
.ltdacompanies in South AmericaDomains are limited to registered LTDAs (like LLCs) in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador.[129]InterNetXUn­knownYes
.soy"I am"
Also refers to the soybean and its food derivatives
Google[n 2]Latin script, Japanese[130]Yes
.tienda"shop", "store"DonutsSpanishYes
.uno"one", for websites targeting Spanish speaking consumersSpanishYes
.viajes"travel" or "trips"DonutsSpanishYes
.vuelos"flights"Travel Reservations SRL

Internationalized generic top-level domains

All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.

Arabic script

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC
xn--4gbrim[131].موقعArabicArabicmawqiʿ "site" or "location"Open TLDYes
xn--fhbei[131].كومArabickwmcomOwned by: VeriSign Sarl[54]
xn--mgbb9fbpob[131].موبايليArabicmūbāylīMy mobile (phone)Owned by: GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[54]
xn--mgbi4ecexp[131].كاثوليكArabickāthūlīkCatholicOwned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)[54]
xn--ngbc5azd[131].شبكةArabicArabicshabaka"network"Open TLDYes
xn--ngbe9e0a[131].بيتكArabicbaytak your homeOwned by: Kuwait Finance House[54]
xn--mgbab2bd[131].بازارPersianArabicbâzâr"market", "bazaar"Open TLDYes

Chinese characters

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC
xn--3ds443g[131].在线ChineseChinese (Simplified)zàixiàn"online"Open TLD.
The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 internationalized subdomains for localities.[132]
Yes
xn--fiq228c5hs[131].中文网ChineseChinese (Simplified)Zhōngwén wǎng"(written) Chinese (language) network"Open TLD.
The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 IDN for localities.[132]
Yes
xn--ses554g[131].网址ChineseChinese (Simplified)wǎngzhǐ"network address" or "website"Open TLDYes
xn--5tzm5g[131].网站ChineseChinese (Simplified)wǎngzhàn"website"Open TLDYes
xn--io0a7i[131].网络ChineseChinese (Simplified)wǎngluò"network"Open TLDYes
xn--55qx5d[131].公司ChineseChinese (Simplified and Traditional)gōngsī"business organization" or "company"Open TLDYes
xn--czru2d[131].商城ChineseChinese (Simplified and Traditional)shāngchéng"mall"Open TLDYes
xn--nqv7f[131].机构ChineseChinese (Simplified)jīgòu"agency"Open TLDYes
xn--6qq986b3xl[131].我爱你ChineseChinese (Simplified)wǒ ài nǐ"I love you"Open TLDYes
xn--czr694b[131].商标ChineseChinese (Simplified)shāngbiāo"trademark"Open TLDYes
xn--rhqv96g[131].世界ChineseChinese (Simplified and Traditional)shìjiè"world"Open TLDYes
xn--3bst00m[131].集团ChineseChinese (Simplified)jítuán"conglomerate"Open TLDYes
xn--30rr7y[131].慈善ChineseChinese (Simplified)Císhàn"philanthropy"Open TLDYes
xn--45q11c[131].八卦ChineseChinese (Simplified)Bāguà"gossip"Open TLDYes
xn--55qw42g[131].公益ChineseChinese (Simplified)Gōngyì"philanthropy"Open TLDYes

Cyrillic script

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC
xn--d1acj3b[131].детиRussianCyrillic (Russian)dyeti"kids" or "children"Open TLDYes
xn--80aqecdr1a[131].католикCyrillicKatolikCatholicOwned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (Pontifical Council for Social Communications)[54]
xn--j1aef[131].комRussianCyrillic (Russian)komcom
xn--80asehdb[131].онлайнRussianCyrillic (Russian)onlain"online"Open TLDYes
xn--c1avg[131].оргRussianCyrillic (Russian)org"org" or "organization"Open TLDYes
xn--80aswg[131].сайтRussianCyrillic (Russian)sait"site"Open TLDYes

Other script

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC
xn--i1b6b1a6a2e[131].संगठनMarathi, HindiDevanagarisaṅgaṭhana"organization"Open TLDYes
xn--11b4c3d[131].कॉमMarathi, HindiDevanagarikomcom
xn--c2br7g[131].नेटMarathi, HindiDevanagarinetnet
xn--mk1bu44c[131].닷컴KoreanHanguldatkeom / tatk'ŏmdotcom
xn--t60b56a[131].닷넷KoreanHanguldatnet / tatnetdotnet
xn--9dbq2a[131].קוםHebrewHebrewqwm"com"Open TLDYes
xn--q9jyb4c[131].みんなJapaneseHiraganaminnaeveryoneOpen TLD[133]Yes
xn--1ck2e1b[131].セールJapaneseKatakanasērusaleOwned by: Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
xn--bck1b9a5dre4c[131].ファッションJapaneseKatakanafasshonfashion
xn--cck2b3b[131].ストアJapaneseKatakanasutoastore
xn--eckvdtc9d[131].ポイントJapaneseKatakanapointopoint
xn--gckr3f0f[131].クラウドJapaneseKatakanakuraudocloud
xn--tckwe[131].コムJapaneseKatakanakomucomOwned by: VeriSign Sarl[54]
xn--42c2d9a[131].คอมThaiThaikhomcom

Geographic top-level domains

Africa

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.africaAfrica[54][134]Yes
.capetownCape Town, South Africa[135]Un­knownYes
.durbanDurban, South Africa[136]Un­knownYes
.joburgJohannesburg, South Africa[137]Un­knownYes

Asia

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.abudhabiAbu Dhabi[54]
.arabLeague of Arab States[54]
.asiaAsia-Pacific regionThis is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific.Chinese, Japanese, Korean[11]Yes
.dohaDoha[54]
.dubaiDubai[54]
.krd KurdistanThis is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Kurdistan[138][139]KurdishYes
.kyotoKyoto, Japan[140]
.nagoyaNagoya, Japan[141]Japanese[11]Yes
.okinawaOkinawa, JapanJapaneseYes
.osakaOsaka, Japan[54]
.ryukyuRyukyu Islands, Japan[142]Un­knownYes
.taipeiTaipei, TaiwanIntroduced in September 2014[143]Un­knownYes
.tatarTatar peoples and placesTatarstan is a region in Russia, though this TLD is meant for the global Tatar community.[144]Un­knownYes
.tokyoTokyo, Japan[145]YesYes
.yokohamaYokohama, Japan[146]JapaneseYes

Europe

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.alsace Alsace, France[147]Un­knownYes
.amsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands[148]Un­knownYes
.bar Bar, Montenegro[54] Mostly used for bars and other alcohol facilities worldwide
.bcnBarcelona, Spain[54]
.barcelonaBarcelona, SpainUn­knownYes
.bayern Bavaria, Germany[149]YesYes
.berlin Berlin, GermanyMust have a connection to Berlin, Germany for example a company based in Berlin or a person from Berlin etc. [150]Latin and Cyrillic scripts[11]Yes
.brusselsBrussels, Belgium[151]Latin script[11]Yes
.budapestBudapest, Hungary[152]Un­knownYes
.bzh Brittany, France; Breton language and cultureBreizh in Breton.[153] This is a TLD for Web sites in the Breton language or related to Breton cultureFrench[11]Yes
.cat Catalonia, Spain; Catalan language and cultureThis is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture.[154]Catalan[11]Yes
.cologneCologne, Germany[155]YesYes
.corsica Corsica, FranceTLD Related to Corsican CultureUn­knownYes
.cymru Wales, United Kingdom[156]Welsh[11]Yes
.eusBasque, Spain and FranceEuskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[157]Un­knownYes
.frl Friesland, NetherlandsFryslân in (West) Frisian, one of the twelve provinces in the Netherlands.[158]Un­knownYes
.gal Galicia, SpainThis is a TLD for Web sites in the Galician language or related to Galician culture.[159]Un­knownYes
.gentGhent, Belgium[160]Un­knownYes
.hamburgHamburg, GermanyLatin script[11]Yes
.helsinkiHelsinki, Finland
.irish Ireland; global Irish communityUn­knownYes
.istİstanbul, TurkeyUn­knownUn­known
.istanbulİstanbul, TurkeyUn­knownUn­known
.koelnCologne, Germany[161]YesYes
.londonLondon, United Kingdom[162]YesYes
.madridMadrid, Spain[163]Un­knownYes
.moscowMoscow, Russia[164]YesYes
.nrwNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany[165]YesYes
.parisParis, France[166]French[11]Yes
.ruhrRuhr, Germany[167]German[11]Yes
.saarland Saarland, Germany[168]Un­knownYes
.scot Scotland, United Kingdom[169]Un­knownYes
.stockholmStockholm, Sweden[54]
.swiss  Switzerland[54]Yes[170]Yes
.tirol Tyrol, Austria[171]Yes[11]Yes
.vlaanderen Flanders, Belgium[172]Latin script[11]Yes
.wales Wales, United Kingdom[156]Welsh[11]Yes
.wien Vienna, Austria[173]Latin script[11]Yes
.zuerichZurich, Switzerland[174]Un­knownYes

North America

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC Alternatives
.bostonBoston, Massachusetts[54].boston.ma.us
.miamiMiami, Florida[175]Un­knownYes
.nycNew York City, New York[176]Spanish[11]Yes.new-york.ny.us
.quebecQuébec, Canada[177]Un­knownYes.qc.ca
.vegasLas Vegas, Nevada[178]YesYes.las-vegas.nv.us

Oceania

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.kiwiNew Zealanders[179]Latin script[11]Yes
.melbourneMelbourne, Australia[180]Un­knownYes
.sydneySydney, Australia[181]Un­knownYes

South America

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.latLatin America[182]Spanish[183]Yes
.rioRio de Janeiro, Brazil[184]Un­knownYes

Internationalized geographic top-level domains

DNS name Display name Entity Language Script Transliteration Notes Other TLD IDN DNSSEC
xn--1qqw23a[131].佛山Foshan, ChinaChineseChinese (Simplified)fóshān[185]YesYes
xn--xhq521b[131].广东Guangdong, ChinaChineseChinese (Simplified)guǎngdōng[54]
xn--80adxhks[131].москваMoscow, RussiaRussianCyrillic (Russian)moskva[186].moscowRussian[11]Yes
xn--p1acf[131].русRussiaRussianCyrillic (Russian)rus[54].ru / .рф
xn--mgbca7dzdo[131].ابوظبيAbu DhabiArabicArabicAbū Ẓabī[54].abudhabi
xn--ngbrx[131].عربArabArabicArabic‘Arab[54]

Brand top-level domains

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.aaa American Automobile Association[54]
.aarpAARP[54]
.abarthFiat Chrysler Automobiles (Abarth)[54]
.abbABB[54]
.abbottAbbott Laboratories[54]
.abbvieAbbVie[54]
.abcAmerican Broadcasting Company[187][54]
.accentureAccenture[54]
.acoACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG[54]
.aegAktiebolaget Electrolux[54]
.aetnaAetna[54]
.aflAustralian Football League[54]
.agakhanAga Khan Foundation[54]
.aigAmerican International Group[54]
.aigoAigo[54]
.airbusAirbus[54]
.airtelBharti Airtel[54]
.akdnAga Khan Foundation[54]
.alfaromeoFiat Chrysler Automobiles (Alfa Romeo)[54]
.alibabaAlibaba Group[54]
.alipayAlibaba Group[54]
.allfinanzAllfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft[188]Un­knownYes
.allstateAllstate[54]
.allyAlly Financial[54]
.alstomAlstom[54]
.amazon Amazon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.amazon
.americanexpressAmerican Express[54]
.amexAmerican Express[54]
.amicaAmica Mutual Insurance[54]
.androidGoogle (Android)[189]Un­knownYes
.anzAustralia and New Zealand Banking Group[54]
.aolAOL[54]
.appleApple[54]
.aquarelleAquarelle.com Group[190]Un­knownYes
.aramcoAramco[54]
.audiAudi[54]
.auspostAustralia Post[54]
.axaAxa[191]Yes[11]Yes
.azureMicrosoft[54]
.baiduBaidu[54]
.bananarepublicGap[54]
.barclaycardBarclays[192]Un­knownYes
.barclaysBarclays[192]Un­knownYes
.basketballFIBA[193]
.bauhausWerkhaus GmbH[54]
.bbcBBC[54]
.bbtBB&T[54]
.bbvaBanco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria[54]
.bcgBoston Consulting Group[54]
.bentleyBentley[54]
.bhartiBharti Enterprises[54]
.bingMicrosoft[54]
.blancoBLANCO GmbH + Co KG[54]
.bloombergBloomberg[194]Un­knownYes
.bmsBristol-Myers Squibb[54]
.bmwBMW[195]NoYes
.bnlBanca Nazionale del Lavoro[196]Un­knownYes
.bnpparibasBNP Paribas[197]Un­knownYes
.boehringerBoehringer Ingelheim[54]
.bondBond University[54]
.bookingBooking.com[54]
.boschRobert Bosch GmbH[54]
.bostikBostik[54]
.bradescoBradesco[198]Un­knownYes
.bridgestoneBridgestone[54]
.brotherBrother Industries[54]
.bugattiBugatti[54]
.calGoogle (Google Calendar)[199]Un­knownYes
.calvinkleinPVH[54]
.canonCanon[54]
.capitaloneCapital One[54]
.caravanCaravan International[200]Un­knownYes
.cartierRichemont DNS[54]
.cbaCommonwealth Bank[54]
.cbnChristian Broadcasting Network[54]
.cbreCBRE Group[54]
.cbsCBS[54]
.cernCERN[201]Un­knownYes
.cfaCFA Institute[54]
.chanelChanel[54]
.chaseChase Bank[54]
.chintaiChintai Corporation[54]
.chromeGoogle (Google Chrome)[202]Un­knownYes
.chryslerChrysler[54]
.ciprianiHotel Cipriani Srl[54]
.ciscoCisco Systems[54]
.citadelCitadel Domain[54]
.citiCitigroup[54]
.citicCITIC Group[203]NoYes
.clubmedClub Med[54]
.comcastComcast[54]
.commbankCommonwealth Bank[54]
.creditunionCUNA Performance Resources[54]
.crownCrown Equipment Corporation[54]
.crsFederated Co-operatives
(Co-Operative Retailing System)
[204]Un­knownYes
.csc DXC Technology
.cuisinellaSociété Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisinella)[205]Un­knownYes
.daburDabur[54]
.datsunNissan[54]
.dealerDealer Dot Com[54]
.dellDell[54]
.deloitteDeloitte[54]
.deltaDelta Air Lines[54]
.dhlDeutsche Post[54]
.discoverDiscover Financial Services[54]
.dishDish Network[54]
.dnpDai Nippon Printing[206]Un­knownYes
.dodgeChrysler (Dodge)[54]
.dunlopGoodyear Tire and Rubber Company[54]
.dupontDuPont[54]
.dvagDeutsche Vermögensberatung[207]Un­knownYes
.edekaEdeka[208]Un­knownYes
.emerckMerck Group[209]Un­knownYes
.epsonSeiko Epson[54]
.ericssonEricsson[54]
.erniERNI Group Holding AG[54]
.esuranceEsurance[54]
.etisalatEtisalat[54]
.eurovisionEuropean Broadcasting Union (Eurovision)[54]
.everbankEverBank[210]Un­knownYes
.extraspaceExtra Space Storage[54]
.fageFage[54]
.fairwindsFairWinds Partners[54]
.farmersFarmers Insurance Exchange[54]
.fedexFedEx[54]
.ferrariFiat Chrysler Automobiles (Ferrari)[54]
.ferreroFerrero[54]
.fiatFiat Chrysler Automobiles[54]
.fidelityFidelity Investments[54]
.firestoneBridgestone[54]
.firmdaleFirmdale Holdings[211]Un­knownYes
.flickrYahoo! (Flickr)[54]
.flirFLIR Systems[54]
.flsmidthFLSmidth[212]Un­knownYes
.fordFord Motor Company[54]
.foxFox Broadcasting Company[54]
.freseniusFresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH[54]
.forexDotforex Registry Ltd[54]
.frogansOP3FTSolely for use by the Frogans technology[213]Yes[11]Yes
.frontierFrontier Communications[54]
.fujitsuFujitsu[54]
.fujixeroxFuji Xerox[54]
.galloE & J Gallo Winery[54]
.gallupGallup[54]
.gapGap[54]
.gbizGoogle[214]Un­knownYes
.geaGEA Group[54]
.gentingGenting Group[54]
.givingGiving Limited[54]
.gleGoogle[215]Un­knownYes
.globoGrupo Globo[216]NoYes
.gmailGoogle (Gmail)[217]Un­knownYes
.gmoGMO Internet[218]Un­knownYes
.gmx1&1 Mail & Media (Global Message Exchange)[219]Un­knownYes
.godaddyGo Daddy[54]
.goldpointYodobashi Camera[54]
.goodyearGoodyear Tire and Rubber Company[54]
.googGoogle[220]Un­knownYes
.googleGoogle[221]Un­knownYes
.graingerGrainger Registry Services, LLC[54]
.guardianGuardian Life Insurance Company of America[54]
.gucciGucci[54]
.hboHBO[54]
.hdfcHousing Development Finance Corporation[54]
.hdfcbankHDFC Bank[54]
.hermesHermès[54]
.hisamitsuHisamitsu Pharmaceutical[54]
.hitachiHitachi[54]
.hktHong Kong Telecom[54]
.hondaHonda Motor Company[54]
.honeywellHoneywell[54]
.hotmailMicrosoft[54]
.hsbcHSBC[222]Un­knownYes
.hughesHughes Network Systems[54]
.hyattHyatt[54]
.hyundaiHyundai Motor Company[54]
.ibmIBM[223]Un­knownYes
.ieeeInstitute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers[54]
.ifmifm electronic gmbh[54]
.ikanoIkano[54]
.imdbAmazon[54]
.infinitiNissan (Infiniti)[54]
.intelIntel[54]
.intuitIntuit[54]
.ipirangaIpiranga[54]
.iselectiSelect[54]
.itauItaú Unibanco[54]
.itvITV[54]
.ivecoCNH Industrial[54]
.jaguarJaguar Land Rover[54]
.javaOracle Corporation (Java)[54]
.jcbJCB[54]
.jcpJCP Media[54]
.jeepChrysler (Jeep)[54]
.jpmorganJPMorgan Chase[54]
.juniperJuniper Networks[54]
.kddiKDDI[54]
.kerryhotelsKerry Trading Co. Limited[54]
.kerrylogisticsKerry Trading Co. Limited[54]
.kerrypropertiesKerry Trading Co. Limited[54]
.kfhKuwait Finance House[54]
.kiaKia Motors Corporation[54]
.kinderFerrero[54]
.kindleAmazon (Amazon Kindle)[54]
.komatsuKomatsu[54]
.kpmgKPMG[54]
.kredKredTLD[224]Un­knownYes
.kuokgroupKerry Trading Co. Limited[54]
.lacaixaCaixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona[225]Un­knownYes
.ladbrokesLadbrokes[54]
.lamborghiniLamborghini[54]
.lancasterLancaster[54]
.lanciaFiat Chrysler Automobiles (Lancia)[54]
.lancomeL'Oréal[54]
.landroverJaguar Land Rover[54]
.lanxessLanxess[54]
.lasalleJLL[54]
.latrobeLa Trobe University[226]Un­knownYes
.ldsThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[227][228]Un­knownYes
.leclerc E.Leclerc [229]
.legoLego Group[54]
.liaisonLiaison Technologies[54]
.lexusToyota (Lexus)[54]
.lidlLidl[54]
.lifestyleLifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.lillyEli Lilly & Company[54]
.lincolnFord (Lincoln)[54]
.lindeLinde[54]
.lipsyLipsy Ltd[54]
.lixilLixil Group[54]
.locusLocus Analytics[54]
.lotteLotte Holdings[54]
.lplLPL Financial[54]
.lplfinancialLPL Financial[54]
.lundbeckLundbeck[54]
.lupinLupin Limited[54]
.macysMacy's[54]
.maifMutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)[54]
.manMAN[54]
.mangoMango[230]Latin script[11]Yes
.marriottMarriott International[54]
.maseratiFiat Chrysler Automobiles (Maserati)[54]
.mattelMattel[54]
.mckinseyMcKinsey & Company[54]
.metlifeMetLife[54]
.microsoftMicrosoft[54]
.miniBMW (Mini)[231]NoYes
.mitMassachusetts Institute of Technology[54]
.mitsubishiMitsubishi Corporation[54]
.mlbMLB Advanced Media[54]
.mmaMMA IARD[54]
.monashMonash University[232][233]NoYes
.mormonThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[227][234]Un­knownYes
.motoMotorola[54]
.movistarTelefónica[54]
.msdMSD Registry Holdings, Inc.[54]
.mtnMTN[54]
.mtrMTR Corporation[54]
.mutualNorthwestern Mutual[54]
.nadexNadex[54]
.nationwideNationwide Mutual Insurance Company[54]
.naturaNatura & Co[54]
.nbaNational Basketball Association[54]
.necNEC[54]
.netflixNetflix[54]
.neustarNeustar[235]NoYes
.newhollandCNH Industrial[54]
.nexusGoogle (Google Nexus)[236]Un­knownYes
.nflNational Football League[54]
.nhkNHK[237]Un­knownYes
.nicoDwango (Niconico)[238]Un­knownYes
.nikeNike[54]
.nikonNikon[54]
.nissanNissan[54]
.nissayNippon Life[54]
.nokiaNokia[54]
.northwesternmutualNorthwestern Mutual[54]
.nortonNortonLifeLock[54]
.nraNational Rifle Association[239]Un­knownYes
.nttNippon Telegraph & Telephone[54]
.obiOBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA[54]
.officeMicrosoft[54]
.omegaSwatch Group (Omega)[54]
.oracleOracle Corporation[54]
.orangeOrange[54]
.otsukaOtsuka Pharmaceutical[240]Un­knownYes
.ovhOVH[241]French[11]Yes
.panasonicPanasonic[54]
.pccwPCCW[54]
.pfizerPfizer[54]
.philipsPhilips[54]
.piagetPiaget[242]Un­knownYes
.pictetPictet[54]
.pingPing[54]
.pioneerPioneer Corporation[54]
.playGoogle[54]
.playstationSony[54]
.pohlDeutsche Vermögensberatung
(founder Reinfried Pohl)
[243]Un­knownYes
.politiePolitie Nederland[54]
.praxiPraxi[244]Un­knownYes
.prodGoogle (products)[245]Un­knownYes
.progressiveProgressive Corporation[54]
.pruPrudential Financial[54]
.prudentialPrudential Financial[54]
.pwcPwC[246]Un­knownYes
.questQuest Software[54]
.qvcQVC[54]
.redstoneRedstone Haute Couture Co[54]
.relianceReliance Industries[54]
.rexrothRobert Bosch GmbH[54]
.ricohRicoh[54]
.rmitRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology[54]
.rocherFerrero[54]
.rogersRogers Communications[54]
.rweRWE[54]
.safetySafety Registry Services, LLC.[54]
.sakuraSAKURA Internet Inc.[54]
.samsungSamsung SDS[54]
.sandvikSandvik[54]
.sandvikcoromantSandvik Coromant[247]Un­knownUn­known
.sanofiSanofi[54]
.sapSAP[248]
.saxoSaxo Bank[54]
.sbiState Bank of India[54]
.sbsSpecial Broadcasting Service[54]
.scaSvenska Cellulosa[249]Un­knownYes
.scbSiam Commercial BankThai[11]Yes
.schaefflerSchaeffler Technologies[54]
.schmidtSociété Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisines Schmidt)[250]Un­knownYes
.schwarzSchwarz Supply Source[54]
.scjohnsonSC Johnson & Son[54]
.scorSCOR[54]
.seatSEAT[54]
.senerSener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.[54]
.sesSES[54]
.sewSEW Eurodrive[54]
.sevenSeven West Media[54]
.sfrSFR[54]
.seekSeek[251]NoUn­known
.shangrilaShangri-La Hotels & Resorts[54]
.sharpSharp Corporation[54]
.shawShaw Cablesystems G.P.[54]
.shellShell[54]
.shriramShriram Capital[54]
.sinaSina Corp[54]
.skySky Group[54]
.skypeMicrosoft[54]
.smartSmart Communications[54]
.sncfSNCF[54]
.softbankSoftBank[54]
.sohuSohu[252]Un­knownYes
.sonySony[54]
.spiegelDer Spiegel[253]Un­knownYes
.stadaStada Arzneimittel[54]
.staplesStaples[54]
.starStar India[54]
.starhubStarHub[54]
.statebankState Bank of India[54]
.statefarmState Farm[54]
.statoilStatoil[54]
.stcSaudi Telecom Company[54]
.stcgroupSaudi Telecom Company[54]
.suzukiSuzuki[254]Un­knownYes
.swatchSwatch Group[54]
.swiftcoverSwiftcover[54]
.symantecNortonLifeLock[54]
.taobaoAlibaba Group[54]
.targetTarget[54]
.tatamotorsTata Motors[54]
.tdkTDK[54]
.telecityTelecityGroup[54]
.telefonicaTelefónica[54]
.temasekTemasek Holdings[54]
.tevaTeva Pharmaceuticals[54]
.tiffanyTiffany & Co[54]
.tjxTJX Companies[54]
.torayToray Industries[54]
.toshibaToshiba[54]
.totalTotal[54]
.toyotaToyota[54]
.travelchannelLifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.travelersTravelers TLD, LLC[54]
.tuiTUI[255]Un­knownYes
.tvsT V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Private Limited[54]
.ubsUBS[54]
.unicomChina Unicom[54]
.uolUniverso OnlineDelegated to UOL subsidiary UBN Internet.[256]Un­knownYes
.upsUnited Parcel Service[54]
.vanguardVanguard Group[54]
.verisignVeriSign[54]
.vigVienna Insurance Group[54]
.vikingViking River Cruises[54]
.virginVirgin Group[54]
.visaVisa[54]
.vistaVistaprint[54]
.vistaprintVistaprint[54]
.vivoTelefónica Brasil[54]
.volkswagenVolkswagen Group of America[54]
.volvoVolvo[54]
.walmartWalmart[54]
.walterSandvik[54]
.weatherchannelIBM (The Weather Company)[54]
.weberSaint-Gobain[54]
.weirWeir Group[54]
.williamhillWilliam Hill[257]Un­knownYes
.windowsMicrosoft[54]
.wmeEndeavor[258]Un­knownYes
.wolterskluwerWolters Kluwer[54]
.woodsideWoodside Petroleum[54]
.wtcWorld Trade Centers Association[259]Un­knownYes
.xboxMicrosoft[54]
.xeroxFuji Xerox[54]
.xfinityComcast[54]
.yahooYahoo![54]
.yamaxunAmazon[54]
.yandexYandex[260]Un­knownYes
.yodobashiYodobashi Camera[54]
.youtubeGoogle (YouTube)[261]Un­knownYes
.zapposAmazon[54]
.zaraInditex[54]
.zipGoogle[54]
.zippoZippo[54]

Internationalized brand top-level domains

DNS nameIDN TLDEntityScriptTransliterationCommentsDNSSEC
xn--mgba3a3ejt.ارامكوAramco Services CompanyArabic[54]
xn--mgbaakc7dvf.اتصالاتEmirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)Arabic[54]
xn--8y0a063a.联通China United Network Communications Corporation LimitedChinese (Simplified)Liántōng[54]
xn--6frz82g.移动China Mobile Communications CorporationChinese (Simplified)Yídòng
xn--fiq64b.中信CITIC GroupChinesezhōngxìn[262]Yes
xn--5su34j936bgsg.香格里拉Shangri‐La International Hotel Management LimitedChineseXiānggélǐlā[54]
xn--b4w605ferd.淡马锡Temasek Holdings (Private) LimitedChinese (Simplified)Dànmǎxī[54]
xn--3oq18vl8pn36a.大众汽车Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.Chinese (Simplified)Dàzhòngqìchē[54]
xn--vermgensberater-ctb.vermögensberaterDeutsche Vermögensberatung AktiengesellschaftLatin[263]Yes
xn--vermgensberatung-pwb.vermögensberatungDeutsche Vermögensberatung AktiengesellschaftLatin[264]Yes
xn--qcka1pmc.グーグルGoogleKatakanagūguru[265]Yes
xn--flw351e.谷歌GoogleChinesegǔgē[266]Yes
xn--estv75g.工行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China LimitedChineseGōngháng[54]
xn--w4rs40l.嘉里Kerry Trading Co. LimitedChineseJiālǐ[54]
xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra.嘉里大酒店Kerry Trading Co. LimitedChineseJiālǐdàjiǔdiàn[54]
xn--kcrx77d1x4a.飞利浦Koninklijke Philips N.V.Chinese (Simplified)Fēilìpǔ[54]
xn--jlq61u9w7b.诺基亚Nokia CorporationChinese (Simplified)Nuòjīyà[54]
xn--fzys8d69uvgm.電訊盈科PCCW Enterprises LimitedChinese (Traditional)din6 soen3 jing4 fo1[54]
xn--cg4bki.삼성SamsungHangulsamseong[267]Yes

Special-Use Domains

ICANN/IANA has created some Special-Use domain names which are meant for special technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the Special-Use domain names.[268]

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC
.exampleNot installed as a domain name, but usable in text as an example.
example.com, example.net and example.org are also reserved for this purpose but are active sites.
Un­known
.invalidNot installed as a domain name, but usable in testing as a domain which wouldn't work.Un­known
.localLocal networkUn­known
.localhostPoints back to own computerUn­known
.onionConnection to the Tor networkUn­known
.testMeant for testing DNS softwareUn­known

See also

Notes

  1. Domain registry is operated by United TLD Holdco Ltd. t/a Rightside Registry, a subsidiary of the Rightside Group.
  2. Operated by Charleston Road Registry, Inc., a subsidiary of Google. See .
  3. A subsidiary of Minds + Machines Group (formerly Top Level Domain Holdings.)
  4. Operating as Top Level Design
  5. Operating as Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited.
  1. Operating as Half Oaks, LLC
  2. Operating as Knob Town, LLC
  3. Operating as Steel Falls, LLC
  4. Operating as Baxter Hill, LLC
  5. Operating as Half Hallow, LLC
  6. Operating as Grand Hollow, LLC
  7. Operating as Over Galley, LLC
  8. Operating as Atomic Madison, LLC
  9. Operating as Spring Cross, LLC
  10. Operating as Half Sunset, LLC
  11. Operating as Atomic Maple, LLC
  12. Operating as Delta Dynamite, LLC
  13. Operating as Delta Mill, LLC
  14. Operating as Foggy Hollow, LLC
  15. Operating as Goose Cross, LLC
  16. Operating as Wild Corner, LLC
  17. Operating as Delta Lake, LLC
  18. Operating as New Falls, LLC
  19. Operating as Tin Mill, LLC
  20. Operating as Sand Cover, LLC
  21. Operating as Holly Fields, LLC
  22. Operating as Snow Sky, LLC
  23. Operating as Black Corner, LLC
  24. Operating as Fox Shadow, LLC
  25. Operating as Goose Park, LLC
  26. Operating as Steel Lake, LLC
  27. Operating as Puff Willow, LLC
  28. Operating as Trixy Cover, LLC
  29. Operating as Fox Orchard, LLC
  30. Operating as Silver Avenue, LLC
  31. Operating as Pine Mill, LLC
  32. Operating as Pine House, LLC
  33. Operating as Fox Dynamite, LLC
  34. Operating as Magic Woods, LLC
  35. Operating as Koko Lake, LLC
  36. Operating as Snow Shadow, LLC
  37. Operating as Binky Frostbite, LLC
  38. Operating as Spring Way, LLC
  39. Operating as Pine Fest, LLC
  40. Operating as Sand Sunset, LLC
  41. Operating as Steel Station, LLC
  42. Operating as Tin Birch, LLC
  43. Operating as John Edge, LLC
  44. Operating as Dash Park, LLC
  45. Operating as Half Trail, LLC
  46. Operating as Extra Madison, LLC
  47. Operating as Holly Hill, LLC
  48. Operating as Sugar Cross, LLC
  49. Operating as Brice Way, LLC
  50. Operating as Spring Madison, LLC
  51. Operating as Binky Birch, LLC
  52. Operating as Romeo Canyon.
  53. Operating as Snow Oaks, LLC
  54. Operating as Corn Station, LLC
  55. Operating as Trixy Park, LLC
  56. Operating as Pioneer Maple, LLC
  57. Operating as Spring Falls, LLC
  58. Operating as Magic Pass, LLC
  59. Operating as Victor Beach, LLC
  60. Operating as Atomic Pipe, LLC
  61. Operating as Just Maple, LLC
  62. Operating as Cotton Cypress, LLC
  63. Operating as Just Cover, LLC
  64. Operating as Fox Woods, LLC
  65. Operating as Brice Orchard, LLC
  66. Operating as Fox Station, LLC
  67. Operating as Half Cypress, LLC
  68. Operating as John Dale, LLC
  69. Operating as John Castle, LLC
  70. Operating as Lone Fields, LLC
  71. Operating as Sugar House, LLC
  72. Operating as Goose Sky, LLC
  73. Operating as Black Cover, LLC
  74. Operating as Over Madison, LLC
  75. Operating as Corn Sunset, LLC
  76. Operating as Snow Moon, LLC
  77. Operating as Pioneer Cypress, LLC
  78. Operating as Silver Glen, LLC
  79. Operating as John Madison, LLC
  80. Operating as Goose Woods, LLC
  81. Operating as Sugar Park, LLC
  82. Operating as Outer House, LLC
  83. Operating as Outer Maple, LLC
  84. Operating as Pioneer Willow, LLC
  85. Operating as Wild Way, LLC
  86. Operating as Holly Glen, LLC
  87. Operating as Just Goodbye, LLC
  88. Operating as Pine Moon, LLC
  89. Operating as Victor Trail, LLC
  90. Operating as Trixy Oaks, LLC
  91. Operating as John McCook, LLC
  92. Operating as Big Fest, LLC
  93. Operating as Hidden Frostbite, LLC
  94. Operating as June Woods, LLC
  95. Operating as John Goodbye, LLC
  96. Operating as Fern Pass, LLC
  97. Operating as Grand Glen, LLC
  98. Operating as Trixy Manor, LLC
  99. Operating as Magic Glen, LLC
  100. Operating as Sea Goodbye, LLC
  101. Operating as Sugar Glen, LLC
  102. Operating as Sea Corner, LLC
  103. Operating as Foggy Sky, LLC
  104. Operating as Foggy Moon, LLC
  105. Operating as Snow Galley, LLC
  106. Operating as Spring Tigers, LLC
  107. Operating as Magic Birch, LLC
  108. Operating as Big Pass, LLC
  109. Operating as Grand Island, LLC
  110. Operating as Big Hollow, LLC
  111. Operating as Lone Sunset, LLC
  112. Operating as Binky Glen, LLC
  113. Operating as Snow Avenue, LLC
  114. Operating as Little Galley, LLC
  115. Operating as Fox Castle, LLC
  116. Operating as Binky Galley, LLC
  117. Operating as Fern Madison, LLC
  118. Operating as Ruby Town, LLC
  119. Operating as Silver Cover, LLC
  120. Operating as Atomic Fields, LLC
  121. Operating as Half Falls, LLC
  122. Operating as Grand Orchard, LLC
  123. Operating as Tin Avenue, LLC
  124. Operating as Dash Cypress, LLC
  125. Operating as Victor Frostbite, LLC
  126. Operating as Delta Orchard, LLC
  127. Operating as New Cypress, LLC
  128. Operating as Outer Moon, LLC
  129. Operating as Auburn Bloom, LLC
  130. Operating as Pioneer Tigers, LLC

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  205. IANA — .dnp Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
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  207. IANA — .edka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 10 October 2016.
  208. IANA — .emerck Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
  209. IANA — .everbank Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
  210. IANA — .firmdale Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
  211. IANA — .flsmidth Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
  212. "Using the .frogans gTLD". Nic.frogans. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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  215. ".globo". Nic.globo. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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  220. IANA — .google Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
  221. ".hsbc". Retrieved 15 August 2015.
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  223. IANA — .kred Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
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  225. IANA — .latrobe Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
  226. This domain has been delegated to IRI Domain Management, LLC, a subsidiary of Intellectual Reserve, Inc., which is owned and operated by the LDS Church.
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  228. "IANA — .leclerc Domain Delegation Data". iana.org. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
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  230. "Home dotMINI registry operator". Nic.mini. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  231. ".monash - Network Information Centre". Nic.monash. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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  234. "Neustar Launches New TLD .Neustar". Nic.neustar. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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  236. IANA — .nhk Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
  237. ".nico - The Brand TLD for Dwango Co., Ltd". Dwango Co., Ltd. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  238. IANA — .nra Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
  239. IANA — .otsuka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
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  255. IANA — .uol Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
  256. IANA — .williamhill Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
  257. IANA — .wme Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
  258. IANA — .wtc Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
  259. "This is .yandex". Nic.yandex. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  260. IANA — .youtube Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
  261. "Nic.中信". nic.中信. Archived from the original Check |url= value (help) on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  262. IANA — .vermögensberater Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
  263. IANA — .vermögensberatung Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
  264. IANA — .グーグル Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
  265. IANA — .谷歌 Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
  266. "WHOIS 서비스란?" Check |url= value (help). Whois.nic. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  267. "Special-Use Domain Names". Iana.org. Retrieved 8 January 2018.


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