List of mammals of Oregon

This list of mammals of Oregon includes all wild mammal species living in or recently extirpated from the U.S. state of Oregon or its coastal shores. This list includes all species from the lists published by the American Society of Mammalogists or found in the comprehensive text Land Mammals of Oregon published in 1998. Rare instances where these lists disagree are noted. Species are grouped by order and then listed in sortable tables by family. Subspecies present in the region are discussed in the notes. The IUCN Red List status for each species is presented. Images presented are from Oregon or adjacent states, as possible. Species found only in captivity are not listed.[1][2]

The North American beaver is the state mammal of Oregon.

Oregon mammals by order

Table has not been updated for threatened species, thus all are listed "n/a".

Order Members Species Threatened species
Artiodactyla Even-toed ungulates 7 n/a
Carnivora Carnivorans 24 n/a
Cetacea Whales, dolphins and porpoises 6 n/a
Chiroptera Bats 15 n/a
Didelphimorphia Common opossums 1 n/a
Lagomorpha Hares, rabbits and pikas 8 n/a
Rodentia Rodents 63 n/a
Soricomorpha Shrews, moles and solenodons 15 n/a
Total 139 n/a

Conservation statuses
Main article: IUCN Red List

Species are classified in nine groups, set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, degree of population and distribution fragmentation. The tables below reclassified results before 1994 to reflect the current rating system.

Low vulnerability Threatened Extinct Insufficient data
Least concern
Near threatened
Vulnerable
Endangered
Critically endangered
Extinct in the wild
Extinct
Data deficient
Not evaluated

Terrestrial mammals

Carnivora
Between 25,000 and 30,000 black bears reside in Oregon.[3]

Carnivora (/kɑːrˈnɪvərə/ or /ˌkɑːrnɪˈvɔːrə/; from Latin carō (stem carn-) "flesh", + vorāre "to devour") is one of the most diverse of the mammalian orders. The gray wolf has recently made a much publicized reappearance in Oregon and is included in the list below. The grizzly bear was extirpated from the state in approximately 1940. Since it is included in Land Mammals of Oregon, it is included in the list below.[4]

Common name Scientific name
authority		 Family Distribution and notes[1] Red List
Gray wolf
 Canis lupus
(Linnaeus, 1758)		 Canidae As of the end of 2013, there were a minimum 64 individuals with 4 breeding pairs.[5] Protected under the state Endangered Species Act and under the federal ESA west of highways.[6] First confirmed in western state since 1947 was OR-7 (pictured), also known as Journey.
7

[7]

Grizzly bear
 Ursus arctos
(Linnaeus, 1758)		 Ursidae Historically, they were broadly distributed throughout state except for arid eastern reaches. The last grizzly was killed in Oregon in 1931, according to some authorities.[8]
Coyote
 Canis latrans
(Say, 1823)		 Canidae Intermediate size between foxes and wolf; albinos have been documented in state; two of nineteen geographic races are known in the state.[9]
7
[10]
Red fox
 Vulpes vulpes
(Linnaeus, 1758)		 Canidae Found throughout state; red phase individuals are more predominant than silver or crossed; populations increased as wolf populations declined; subspecies Sierra Nevada red fox (Vulpes vulpes necator) observed on Mt Hood and Crater Lake in or after 2010.[11]
7
[12]
Kit fox
 Vulpes macrotis
(Merriam, 1888)		 Canidae Southeast region of state; smallest canid in North America; brownish-gray dorsum, lightening through buff to white on abdomen; large ears; tip of tail is black.[13]
7
[14]
Gray fox
 Urocyon cinereoargenteus
(Schreber, 1775)		 Canidae Found throughout the state; grizzle gray coloring; tail has black stripe on dorsal aspect; nocturnal and crepuscular; tree climber for resting, foraging or escape from predators (unique among North American canids)[13]
7
[15]
Black bear
 Ursus americanus
(Pallas, 1780)		 Ursidae
American marten
 Martes americana
(Turton, 1806)		 Mustelidae
Fisher
 Martes pennanti
(Erxleben, 1777)		 Mustelidae Protected in Oregon.[16]
Ermine or short-tailed weasel
 Mustela erminea Mustelidae
Long-tailed weasel
 Mustela frenata Mustelidae
American mink
 Neovison vison Mustelidae
Wolverine
 Gulo gulo Mustelidae Extirpated, but occasionally wanderers appear from neighboring states and provinces.
American badger
 Taxidea taxus Mustelidae More common in sagebrush deserts in eastern Oregon.
Northern river otter
 Lontra canadensis Mustelidae
Sea otter
 Enhydra lutris Mustelidae The last native sea otter in Oregon was extirpated in the early 20th century. In 1970 and 1971, 95 sea otters were reintroduced from Amchitka Island, Alaska, to the southern Oregon coast. However, this translocation effort failed and otters soon disappeared. Occasional sightings are most likely wanderers from neighboring states.
Western spotted skunk
 Spilogale gracilis Mephitidae
Striped skunk
 Mephitis mephitis Mephitidae
Northern fur seal
 Callorhinus ursinus Otariidae
Steller sea lion
 Eumetopias jubatus Otariidae
Harbor seal
 Phoca vitulina Phocidae
Northern elephant seal
 Mirounga angustirostris Phocidae
Raccoon
 Procyon lotor Procyonidae
Mountain lion, puma, or cougar
 Puma concolor Felidae Photograph is of a cougar in the Beulah Wildlife Management Unit in Malheur County, Oregon
Canada lynx
 Lynx canadensis Felidae This species historically ranged through the Willamette Valley, the Cascade range, Steens Mountain, the Stinkingwater Mountains, the Blue Mountains and the Wallowa Mountains. More common at locations with deep winter snow cover; (suitable to snowshoe hare).[17] under federal ESA protection since 2000 with critical habitat areas defined.[18]
7
[18]

Chiroptera
Bridges are constructed in Oregon with an eye towards protection of Townsend's big-eared bat and other wildlife species.[19]
Common name Scientific name
authority		 Family Distribution and notes[1] Red List
Big brown bat
 Eptesicus fuscus Vespertilionidae
Western pipistrelle or canyon bat
 Pipistrellius hesperus Vespertilionidae Smallest bat in Oregon.[20]
7
[21]
Western red bat
 Lasiurus blossevillii Vespertilionidae
Hoary bat
 Lasiurus cinereus Vespertilionidae
Townsend's big-eared bat
 Corynorhinus townsendii Vespertilionidae
Spotted bat
 Euderma maculatum Vespertilionidae
Pallid bat
 Antrozous pallidus Vespertilionidae Typically found in desert regions, semi-arid.[1]
7
[22]
Silver-haired bat
 Lasionycteris noctivagans Vespertilionidae
Californian myotis
 Myotis californicus Vespertilionidae
Western small-footed bat
 Myotis ciliolabrum Vespertilionidae
Little brown myotis
 Myotis lucifugus Vespertilionidae
Dark-nosed small-footed myotis
 Myotis melanorhinus Vespertilionidae
Fringed myotis
 Myotis thysanodes Vespertilionidae
Long-legged myotis
 Myotis volans Vespertilionidae
Yuma myotis
 Myotis yumanensis Vespertilionidae
Brazilian/Mexican free-tailed bat
 Tadarida brasiliensis Molossidae

Rodentia
The North Oregon Coast population of red tree voles are candidates for protection under the Endangered Species Act.[23]

The North Oregon Coast population of red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) are candidates for protection under the Endangered Species Act.[23][24]

Common name Scientific name
authority		 Family Distribution and notes[1] Red List
Long-tailed vole
 Microtus longicaudus Cricetidae
North American beaver
 Castor canadensis Castoridae
Mountain beaver
 Aplodontia rufa Aplodontidae
Common porcupine
 Erethizon dorsatum Erethizontidae
Nutria
 Myocastor coypus Myocastoridae
Montane vole
 Microtus montanus Cricetidae
Creeping vole
 Microtus oregoni Cricetidae
7
[25]
North American water vole
 Microtus richardsoni Cricetidae
7
[26]
Townsend's vole
 Microtus townsendii Cricetidae
7
[27]
Bushy-tailed woodrat
 Neotoma cinerea Cricetidae
7
[28]
Dusky-footed woodrat
 Neotoma fuscipes Cricetidae
7
[29]
Desert woodrat
 Neotoma lepida Cricetidae
7
[30]
Common muskrat
 Ondatra zibethicus Cricetidae
7
[31]
Northern grasshopper mouse
 Onychomys leucogaster Cricetidae
White-footed vole
 Arborimus albipes Cricetidae
Red tree vole
 Arborimus longicaudus Cricetidae
Western red-backed vole
 Clethrionomys californicus Cricetidae
Southern red-backed vole
 Myodes gapperi Cricetidae
Sagebrush vole
 Lemmiscus curtatus Cricetidae
California vole
 Microtus californicus Cricetidae
Gray-tailed vole
 Microtus canicaudus Cricetidae
Brush deermouse
 Peromyscus boylii Cricetidae
Canyon deermouse
 Peromyscus crinitus Cricetidae
North American deermouse
 Peromyscus maniculatus Cricetidae
Piñon deermouse
 Peromyscus truei Cricetidae
Western heather vole
 Phenacomys intermedius Cricetidae
Western harvest mouse
 Reithrodontomys megalotis Cricetidae
Botta's pocket gopher
 Thomomys bottae Geomyidae
Northern pocket gopher
 Thomomys talpoides Geomyidae
Mazama pocket gopher
 Thomomys mazama Geomyidae
Townsend's pocket gopher
 Thomomys townsendii Geomyidae
Camas pocket gopher
 Thomomys bulbivorus Geomyidae
California kangaroo rat
 Dipodomys californicus Heteromyidae
Yellow-pine chipmunk
 Tamias amoenus Sciuridae
Least chipmunk
 Tamias minimus Sciuridae
North American red squirrel
 Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Sciuridae
Belding's ground squirrel
 Urocitellus beldingi Sciuridae
Merriam's ground squirrel
 Urocitellus canus Sciuridae
Columbian ground squirrel
 Urocitellus columbianus Sciuridae
Wyoming ground squirrel
 Urocitellus elegans Sciuridae
Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat
 Dipodomys microps Heteromyidae
Ord's kangaroo rat
 Dipodomys ordii Heteromyidae
Dark kangaroo mouse
 Microdipodops megacephalus Heteromyidae
Little pocket mouse
 Perognathus longimembris Heteromyidae
Great Basin pocket mouse
 Perognathus parvus Heteromyidae
House mouse
 Mus musculus Muridae Not native
Brown rat
 Rattus norvegicus Muridae Not native
Black rat
 Rattus rattus Muridae Not native
Golden-mantled ground squirrel
 Callospermophilus lateralis Sciuridae
Douglas squirrel
 Tamiasciurus douglasii Sciuridae
Northern flying squirrel
 Glaucomys sabrinus Sciuridae
Humboldt's flying squirrel
 Glaucomys oregonensis Sciuridae
Yellow-bellied marmot
 Marmota flaviventris Sciuridae

Artiodactyla
Elk calves at the Jewell Meadows Wildlife Area
Common name Scientific name
authority		 Family Distribution and notes[1] Red List
Elk
 Cervus canadensis Cervidae Common throughout state; large, heavy, deer-like
Mule deer
 Odocoileus hemionus Cervidae Common throughout
White-tailed deer
 Odocoileus virginianus Cervidae Common throughout; white tail erect when evading
Moose
 Alces americanus Cervidae Northeastern reaches, Wallowa County, small herd of the subspecies Shiras moose (A. a. shirasi);[32] largest extant species in deer family; herbivorous.
7
[33]
Pronghorn antelope
 Antilocapra americana Antilocapridae The Oregon pronghorn subspecies (A. a. oregona Bailey) has been described, but taxonomic status may be in question. Found in sagebrush steppe in eastern regions of state. Fastest mammal on the continent: top speeds of 50 mph (80 km/hr)[34]
(Image taken in Catlow Valley, Oregon)
Bighorn sheep
 Ovis canadensis Bovidae Historically native to much of eastern Oregon, but then became extinct in the state[35] until reintroductions, recently to the Mutton Mountains,[36] Cottonwood Canyon State Park and near the John Day Fossil Beds in the 21st century;[37] bighorn sheep now live in herds scattered across eastern Oregon.[35]
Mountain goat
 Oreamnos americanus Bovidae Historically native to the northern Oregon Cascades and the Wallowa and Blue mountains until extinction in the state in the 19th or 20th century; reintroduced to the Wallowa and Elkhorn mountains starting in the 20th century,[35] and recently introduced to Mount Jefferson in 2010 and 2012.[36]
(Image is of a young goat in the Elkhorn Mountains.)
American bison
 Bison bison Bovidae Historically native to eastern and central Oregon. Extirpated by the early to mid-19th century.

Eulipotyphla
Common name Scientific name
authority		 Family Distribution and notes[1] Red List
Baird's shrew
 Sorex bairdii Soricidae Endemic to northwestern Oregon; two subspecies described, see main article page; dwells among conifers.
7
[38]
Marsh shrew
 Sorex bendirii Soricidae
Masked shrew
 Sorex cinereus Soricidae Disputed. On ASM list but not in Verts.
Merriam's shrew Sorex merriami Soricidae
Dusky shrew Sorex monticolus Soricidae
Pacific shrew Sorex pacificus Soricidae
American water shrew
 Sorex palustris Soricidae
Preble's shrew Sorex preblei Soricidae
Fog shrew Sorex sonomae Soricidae
Trowbridge's shrew Sorex trowbridgii Soricidae
Vagrant shrew Sorex vagrans Soricidae
Shrew mole
 Neurotrichus gibbsii Talpidae
Broad-footed mole
 Scapanus latimanus Talpidae
Coast mole Scapanus orarius Talpidae
Townsend's mole
 Scapanus townsendii Talpidae

Lagomorpha

The order Lagomorpha consists of two living families: the Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and the Ochotonidae (pikas). The name of the order is derived from the Greek lagos (λαγός, "hare") and morphē (μορφή, "form"). There are eight species in Oregon.[39]

Common name Scientific name
authority		 Family Distribution and notes[1] Red List
American pika
 Ochotona princeps
(Richardson, 1828)		 Ochotonidae Columbia River Gorge, western Cascades; common herbivore; lives in rocky areas/talus habitat near vegetation, meadows; lava flows, woodcuts, disturbed habitat.
7
[40]
Pygmy rabbit
 Brachylagus idahoensis
(Merriam, 1891)		 Leporidae Southern Oregon, endangered in Washington; resides among dense sagebrush; rarely daytime; mostly active dawn/dusk (crepuscular); burrow dwellings; walks/scurries.
7
[41]
Snowshoe hare
 Lepus americanus Leporidae Northern coast, south-central, and eastern reaches; shelters daytime; vegetation/groundcover; active crepuscular and at night; marshes, forests, dense vegetation habitats. Lepus americanus oregonus subspecies described (Orr)[42]
7
[43]
Black-tailed jackrabbit
 Lepus californicus Leporidae Southwestern Oregon; agricultural fields, grazing areas/pastures, sagebrush, prairies, deserts; rests in shady ground depressions daytime; active night/crepuscular; lighter markings in summer.
7
[44]
White-tailed jackrabbit
 Lepus townsendii Leporidae Eastern/central; fields, grasslands, meadows; sometimes sagebrush flats; primary activity nights; characteristic zigzag pattern with rapid bursts and leaps when pursued.
7
[45]
Eastern cottontail
 Sylvilagus floridanus Leporidae Eastern slopes of the Willamette Valley and the Cascades;[46] near forests, agricultural sites, prairies, wet lowlands, margins of hardwood forests; most common of genus in state; sleeps days, under vegetation; crepuscular to nocturnal.
7
[47]
Mountain cottontail
 Sylvilagus nuttallii Leporidae East of the Cascades; near rivers/streams, rockier areas; found near spruce and ponderosa pine forests, some sagebrush flats; crepuscular; may climbs trees; eats cheatgrass.
7
[48]
Brush rabbit
 Sylvilagus bachmani Leporidae Verts, page 131
7
[49]

Didelphimorphia

There is only one species from the order Didelphimorphia in the state.

Common name Scientific name
authority		 Family Distribution and notes Red List
Virginia opossum
 Didelphis virginiana
(Kerr, 1792)		 Didelphidae Introduced early 1900s; adverse impacts on native bird populations from nest disturbances and egg consumption.[50]
7
[51]

Marine mammals

Cetacea
Pacific white-sided dolphins are found along the Oregon Coast.
Common name Scientific name
authority		 Family Distribution and notes Red List
Common minke whale
 Balaenoptera acutorostrata Balaenopteridae
Sei whale
 Balaenoptera borealis Balaenopteridae
Blue whale
 Balaenoptera musculus Balaenopteridae
Fin whale
 Balaenoptera physalus Balaenopteridae
Humpback whale
 Megaptera novaeangliae Balaenopteridae
Gray whale
 Eschrichtius robustus Eschrichtiidae
Short-beaked common dolphin
 Delphinus delphis Delphinidae
Short-finned pilot whale
 Globicephala macrorhynchus Delphinidae
Risso's dolphin
 Grampus griseus Delphinidae
Pacific white-sided dolphin
 Lagernorhynchus obliquidens Delphinidae
Northern right whale dolphin
 Lissodelphis borealis Delphinidae
Killer whale
 Orcinus orca Delphinidae
False killer whale
 Pseudorca crassidens Delphinidae
Striped dolphin
 Stenella coeruleoalba Delphinidae
Harbor porpoise
 Phocoena phocoena Phocoenidae
Dall's porpoise
 Phocoenoides dalli Phocoenidae
Sperm whale
 Physeter macrocephalus Physeteridae
Pygmy sperm whale
 Kogia breviceps Kogiidae
Dwarf sperm whale
 Kogia sima Kogiidae
Baird's beaked whale
 Berardius bairdii Ziphiidae
Hubbs' beaked whale
 Mesoplodon carlhubbsi Ziphiidae
Stejneger's beaked whale
 Mesoplodon stejnegeri Ziphiidae
Cuvier's beaked whale
 Ziphius cavirostris Ziphiidae

See also

References
  1. "Mammals of Oregon". American Society of Mammalogists. Archived from the original on December 19, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  2. VertsCarraway 1998
  3. "Black Bears". Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  4. VertsCarraway 1998, p. 378
  5. "ODFW Gray Wolf Population". Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  6. "ODFW Threatened, Endangered, and Candidate Fish and Wildlife Species". Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  7. Mech, L.D.; Boitani, L.; IUCN SSC Wolf Specialist Group (2010). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  8. David Maehr; Reed F. Noss; Jeffery L. Larkin (October 1, 2001). Large Mammal Restoration: Ecological And Sociological Challenges In The 21st Century. Island Press. pp. 29–. ISBN 978-1-55963-817-3.
  9. VertsCarraway 1998, pp. 355–356
  10. Sillero-Zubiri; Hoffmann (2008). "Canis latrans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
  11. Carolyn Jones (June 20, 2012). "Threatened California fox species found in Oregon". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  12. Macdonald, D.W.; Reynolds, J.C. (2008). "'Vulpes vulpes'". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
  13. VertsCarraway 1998, p. 366
  14. IUCN SCC Canid Specialist Group (North America Regional Section) (2008). "Vulpes macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
  15. Cypher; et al. (2008). "Urocyon cinereoargenteus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved May 6, 2008.
  16. Ruggiero, technical editors, Leonard F.; et al. (1994). The Scientific basis for conserving forest carnivores : American marten, fisher, lynx and wolverine in the western United States. Fort Collins, Colorado: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain forest and range experiment station. p. 40. ISBN 0788136283. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  17. "ODFW, Oregon Wildlife Species: Cats". Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  18. Nowell, K. (2008). "Lynx canadensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
  19. "ODFW News".
  20. VertsCarraway 1998, p. 105
  21. Arroyo-Cabrales J.; Ticul Alvarez Castaneda, S. (2008). "Pipistrellus hesperus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  22. Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; de Grammont, P.C. (2008). "Antrozous pallidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  23. "Species Fact Sheet Red tree vole Arborimus longicaudus". ODFW. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  24. "USFWS Arborimus longicaudus Listing Status: Candidate". US Fish & Wildlife Service. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  25. Linzey, A.V.; Hammerson, G. (2008). "Microtus oregoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  26. Linzey, A.V.; Hammerson, G. (2008). "Microtus richardsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  27. Linzey, A.V.; NatureServe (Hammerson, G.) (2008). "Microtus townsendii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  28. Linzey, A.V.; NatureServe (Hammerson, G.) (2008). "Neotoma cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  29. Linzey, A.V.; Hammerson, G. (2008). "Neotoma fuscipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  30. Linzey, A.V.; Timm, R.; Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Castro-Arellano, I.; Lacher, T. (2008). "Neotoma lepida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2010.
  31. Linzey, A.V. (2008). "Ondatra zibethicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  32. Cockle, Richard (January 17, 2010). "Oregon Biologists Fear Small Moose Herd May Be Infected with Deadly Parasite". The Oregonian. Portland: Oregon Live. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  33. Geist, V.; Ferguson, M.; Rachlow, J (2008). "Alces americanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  34. "Wildlife Species: Antilocapra americana". US Forest Service. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  35. "Oregon's Bighorn Sheep and Rocky Mountain Goat Management Plan" (PDF). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. December 2003. pp. i, 1, 23–24. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  36. "Oregon mountain goats coming back". The Columbian. Vancouver, Washington. Associated Press. December 26, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  37. Profita, Cassandra (December 17, 2010). "Bighorn sheep released in two new Oregon spots". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  38. Hammerson, G. (2008). "Sorex bairdi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved February 8, 2010.
  39. VertsCarraway 1998, p. x
  40. Beever, E.; Smith, A.T. 2011. (2011). "Ochotona princeps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  41. Beauvais, G.P.; Sequin, E.; Rachlow, J.; Dixon, R.; Bosworth, B.; Kozlowski, A.; Carey, C.; Bartels, P.; Obradovitch, M.; Forbes, T.; Hays, D. (2008). "Brachylagus idahoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  42. "Lepus americanus (Snowshoe Hare, Snowshoe Rabbit, Varying Hare)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  43. Murray, D.; Smith, A.T. (2008). "Lepus americanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  44. Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA); Romero Malpica, F.J.; Rangel Cordero, H (2008). "Lepus californicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  45. Smith, A.T.; Johnston, C.H. (2008). "Lepus townsendii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  46. http://maps.iucnredlist.org/map.html?id=41299
  47. Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA); Romero Malpica, F.J.; Rangel Cordero, H. (2008). "Sylvilagus floridanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  48. Smith, A.T.; Boyer, A.F. (2008). "Sylvilagus nuttallii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  49. Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA); Romero Malpica, F.J.; Rangel Cordero, H.; Williams, D.F. (2008). "Sylvilagus bachmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  50. "Non-native Animal Policy — Audubon Society of Portland". Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  51. Cuarón, A. D.; Emmons, L.; Helgen, K.; Reid, F.; Lew, D.; Patterson, B.; Delgado, C.; Solari, S. (2008). "Didelphis virginiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2008.
  • Species range maps using extent points to develop:
    • Hall, E. Raymond & Kelson, Keith R. (1959). The Mammals of North America. Ronald Press Co., New York. 2 vols., xxx + 1162 pp.
    • Hall, E. R. (1981). The Mammals of North America. 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York
  • Species range maps that support current ranges developed were done by Thomas A. O'Neil and Margaret M. Shaughnessy by reviewing over 150,000 museum records and developing them in a GIS tied to wildlife-habitat types and elevation.
    • Csuti, B.; Kimmerling, J.; Shaughnessy, M. & Huso, M. (1997). Atlas of Oregon Wildlife. Oregon State Press. Corvallis, OR. 492 pp.
    • Csuti, B.; O'Neil, T. A. & Shaughnessy, M. M. (2001). Atlas of Oregon Wildlife (Second Edition, Revised and Expanded). Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR. 525 pp.

Bibliography

Media related to Mammals of Oregon at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.