List of languages by time of extinction

This is a list of extinct languages sorted by their time of extinction. A language is determined to be extinct when its last native or fluent speaker dies. When the exact time of death of the last remaining speaker is not known, either an approximate time or the date when the language was last being recorded is given.

List

21st century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
4 April 2020	Sare	Great Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	with the death of Licho[1]
23 March 2019	Ngandi	Arnhem	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of C. W. Daniels[2][3]
4 January 2019	Tehuelche	Chonan	Patagonia, Argentina	with the death of Dora Manchado[4][5]
9 December 2016	Mandan	Siouan	North Dakota, United States	with the death of Edwin Benson[6]
30 August 2016	Wichita	Caddoan	Oklahoma, United States	with the death of Doris McLemore[7]
29 July 2016	Gugu Thaypan	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Tommy George[8]
February 2016	Nuchatlaht dialect of Nuu-chah-nulth	Wakashan	British Columbia, Canada	with the death of Alban Michael[9]
by 2016	Amurdag	Iwaidjan	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Charlie Mungulda[10][11]
4 February 2014	Klallam	Salishan	Washington, United States	with the death of Hazel Sampson[12][notes 1]
5 June 2013	Livonian	Uralic > Finnic	Latvia	with the death of Grizelda Kristina[13][notes 2]
26 March 2013	Yurok	Algic	California, United States	with the death of Archie Thompson[14]
2 October 2012	Cromarty dialect of Scots	Germanic	Northern Scotland, United Kingdom	with the death of Bobby Hogg[15]
11 July 2012	Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Gladys Thompson[16]
10 March 2012	Holikachuk	Na-Dene	Alaska, United States	with the death of Wilson "Tiny" Deacon[17]
ca. 2012	Dhungaloo	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Roy Hatfield[18]
by 2012	Mardijker	Portuguese-based Creole	Jakarta, Indonesia	with the death of Oma Mimi Abrahams[19]
10 April 2011	Apiaká	Tupian	Mato Grosso, Brazil	with the death of Pedrinho Kamassuri [20]
2011	Lower Arrernte	Pama-Nyungan	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Brownie Doolan Perrurle[21]
24 October 2010	Pazeh	Austronesian	Taiwan	with the death of Pan Jin-yu[22]
20 August 2010	Cochin Indo-Portuguese Creole	Portuguese-based Creole	Southern India	with the death of William Rozario[22]
26 January 2010	Aka-Bo	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	with the death of Boa Sr.[23]
November 2009	Aka-Kora	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	with the death of Ms. Boro[24]
2009	Aka-Jeru	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[25]
2009	Nyawaygi	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Willie Seaton[26]
by 2009	Muruwari	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia	[27]
by 2009	Agavotaguerra	Arawakan	Brazil	[28]
by 2009	Arikem	Tupian	Brazil	[29]
by 2009	Karipúna	Tupian	Brazil	[30]
by 2009	Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe	unclassified	Brazil	[31]
by 2009	Aribwatsa	Malayo-Polynesian	Papua New Guinea	[32]
by 2009	Lelak	Malayo-Polynesian	Sarawak, Malaysia
by 2009	Papora-Hoanya	Austronesian	Taiwan	[33]
by 2009	Warluwara	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
after April 2008	Dura	Sino-Tibetan	Nepal	with the death of Soma Devi Dura[34]
21 January 2008	Eyak	Na-Dene	Alaska, United States	with the death of Marie Smith Jones[35]
2008	Plains Apache	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Oklahoma, United States	with the death of Alfred Chalepah Jr.
10 August 2007	Gros Ventre	Algic > Algonquian	Montana, United States	with the death of Theresa Lamebull[36][37]
ca. 2007	Javindo	Dutch-based creole	Java, Indonesia	[38]
by 2007	Hpun	Sino-Tibetan > Burmish	Myanmar	[39]
by 2007	Hoti	Austronesian > Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian	Seram, Indonesia
11 July 2006	Wasco dialect of Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Madeline Brunoe McInturff[40]
after 2005	Whulshootseed	Salishan	Washington, United States	with the death of Ellen Williams [41][42]
2005	Berbice Creole Dutch	Dutch-based creole	Guyana	with the death of Bertha Bell[43]
2005	Osage	Siouan	Oklahoma, United States	with the death of Lucille Roubedeaux[44]
by 2005	Barrow Point	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Urwunjin Roger Hart[45]
2004	Nüshu script	unclassified	Hunan, China	with the death of Yang Huanyi[46][47]
ca. 2004 (?)	Duli	Niger-Congo > Adamawa	Cameroon	[48]
29 December 2003	Akkala Sami	Uralic > Sami	Kola Peninsula, Russia	with the death of Marja Sergina[49][50]
14 September 2003	Klamath-Modoc	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of Neva Eggsman[51][52]
2003	Garig Ilgar	Pama-Nyungan	Northern Territory, Australia	[53]
2003	Wintu	Wintuan	California, United States	with the death of Flora Jones[54]
by 2003	Alngith	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
by 2003	Areba	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[55]
by 2003	Atampaya	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[56]
by 2003	Umbindhamu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[57]
31 August 2002	Unami	Algic > Algonquian	Delaware, United States	with the death of Edward Thompson[58][notes 3]
23 May 2002	Gaagudju	Arnhem Land languages	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Big Bill Neidjie[59]
2002	Serrano	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Dorothy Ramon
c. 2001	Rennellese Sign Language	Unclassified	Solomon Islands	with the death of Kagobai
by 2001	Amanayé	Tupian	Brazil	[60]

20th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
20th-21st century (?)	Ayabadhu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[61]
20th-21st century (?)	Aghu Tharnggala	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[61]
20th-21st century (?)	Adithinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?)	Arritinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?)	Gurnai	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia	now being revived[61]
late 20th century (?)	Nganyaywana	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
late 20th century (?)	Ngamini	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia
late 20th century (?)	Nila	Austronesian	Nila Island, Indonesia	Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Nila[62]
late 20th century (?)	Serua	Austronesian	Mount Serua, Indonesia	Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Serua [63]
late 20th century	Newfoundland Irish	Celtic	Newfoundland, Canada	[64]
ca. 2000	Mesmes	Semitic	Ethiopia	with the death of Abegaz[65][66]
ca. 2000	Kamarian	Austronesian	west Seram Island, Indonesia
2000	Sowa	Malayo-Polynesian	Pentecost Island, Vanuatu	with the death of Maurice Tabi[67]
late 1990s	Munichi	unclassified	Loreto Region, Peru	with the death of Victoria Huancho Icahuate
1999	Nyulnyul	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	with the death of Carmel Charles [68]
by 1999	Ineseño	Chumashan	California, United States	[69]
1998	Mlahsô	Semitic	Syria; Turkey	with the death of Ibrahim Hanna[70]
by 1998	Skepi Creole Dutch	Dutch-based creole	Guyana	[71]
1997-98	Ngarnka	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
January 1997	Sireniki Yupik	Eskimo–Aleut	Chukotka Peninsula, Russia	with the death of Valentina Wye[72]
ca. 1996 (?)	Malaryan	Dravidian	Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India	[73]
1996	Iowa-Oto	Siouan	Oklahoma and Kansas, United States	with the death of Truman Washington Dailey[74]
by 1996	Katabaga	Malayo-Polynesian	The Philippines	[75]
by 1996	Palumata	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia	[76]
before 1996	Seru	Malayo-Polynesian	Sarawak, Malaysia	[77]
5 November 1995	Kasabe	Niger–Congo	Cameroon	with the death of Bogon[78]
6 August 1995	Martuthunira	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	with the death of Algy Paterson[79]
after 1994	Aka-Cari	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[80]
30 April 1994	Sakhalin Ainu	Ainu languages	Japan	with the death of Take Asai[81]
1994	Northern Pomo	Pomoan (Hokan?)	California, United States	with the death of Edna Guerrero
1993	Andoa	Zaparoan	Peru	[82]
1993	Eastern Abnaki	Algic > Algonquian	Maine, United States	with the death of Madeline Shay[83][84]
7 October 1992	Ubykh	Northwest Caucasian	Balıkesir Province, Turkey	with the death of Tevfik Esenç[85]
1991	Roncalese (Erronkariko) dialect	Basque (language isolate)	Spain	with the death of Fidela Bernat[86]
1991	Pánobo	Panoan	Peru	[87]
1990	Shasta	Shastan	California, United States
1990	Wappo	Yuki–Wappo	California, United States	with the death of Laura Fish Somersal[88]
ca. 1990s	Lumaete dialect of Kayeli	Malayo-Polynesian	central Maluku, Indonesia	[89]
ca. 1990s	Taman variety of Sak	Sino-Tibetan	Myanmar	[90]
1990s	Unggumi	Worrorra	Australia	with the death of Morndi Munro[91]
March 1989	Leliali dialect of Kayeli	Malayo-Polynesian	central Maluku, Indonesia	[89][92]
ca. 1989	Hukumina	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia	[93]
1989	Kamassian	Uralic > Samoyedic	Sayan Mountains, Soviet Union	with the death of Klavdiya Plotnikova
1989	Miami-Illinois	Algic > Algonquian	along the Mississippi River, United States
1989	Kungarakany	Gunwinyguan	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Madeline England[92][94]
1988	Atsugewi	Palaihnihan	California, United States	with the death of Medie Webster[95]
1988	Nooksack	Salishan	Washington, United States	with the death of Sindick Jimmy [92]
1988	ǁXegwi	Tuu	South Africa	with the death of Jopi Mabinda[96]
ca. 1987	Bidyara	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[97]
ca. 1987	Laua	Trans-New Guinea	Papua New Guinea
4 February 1987	Cupeño	Chumashan	California, United States	with the death of Roscinda Nolasquez[98]
1987	Dyangadi	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[99]
1987	Negerhollands	Dutch-based creole	U.S. Virgin Islands	with the death of Alice Stevens
1987	Basa-Gumna	Niger-Congo > Benue-Congo	Niger State/Plateau State, Nigeria	[100]
by 1987	Yugambal	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[101]
ca. 1986	Bikya	Niger-Congo > Benue-Congo	Cameroon
ca. 1986	Bishuo	Niger-Congo > Benue-Congo	Cameroon
1986	Jiwarli dialect, Mantharta	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	with the death of Jack Butler[102]
1986	Mangala	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	[103]
1986	Volow	Austronesian	Vanuatu	with the death of Wanhan[104]
1984	Yavitero	Arawakan	Venezuela	[92][105]
1984	Deeside dialect, Scottish Gaelic	Celtic	Scotland	with the death of Jean Bain[106]
February 1983	Antrim dialect, Irish	Celtic	Ireland	with the death of Séamus Bhriain Mac Amhlaig[107][108]
ca. 1983	Yangman	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	[109]
1983	Kansa	Siouan	Oklahoma, United States	with the death of Walter Kekahbah[110]
1982	Dagoman	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Martha Hart[111]
by 1982	Dyugun	Australian	Western Australia	[112]
by 1982	Kato	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	California, United States	[113]
after 1981	Dirari	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	[114]
after 1981	Dyaberdyaber	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	[115][116]
after 1981	Erre	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	[117]
after 1981	Umbugarla	Arnhem Land languages or Darwin Region languages	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Butcher Knight
after 1981	Yawarawarga	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and South Australia	[118]
ca. 1981	Ternateño	Portuguese Creole	Maluku, Indonesia	[119]
1981	Warrungu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Alf Palmer[120][121]
1980	Twana	Salishan	Washington, United States	[92][122]
1980	Yalarnnga	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
late 1970s - 1980s[116]	Flinders Island	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	last known speaker was Johnny Flinders[120]
between 1971 and 1981	Kwadi	Khoe	southwestern Angola	[123]
1970s – 1980s	Chicomuceltec	Mayan	Mexico; Guatemala
after 1979	Pitta Pitta	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the deaths of Ivy Nardoo of Boulia and Linda Craigie of Mount Isa[124]
1979	Barranbinja	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	with the death of Emily Margaret Horneville
3 November 1977	Shuadit	Romance	southern France	with the death of Armand Lunel[92][125]
24 August 1977	Ngawun	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Cherry O'Keefe[126]
ca. 1977	Nagumi	Niger-Congo > Benue-Congo	Cameroon	[127]
between 1976 and 1999	Kw'adza	Cushitic	Tanzania	[128]
after 1976	Muskum	Chadic	western Chad	[129]
1976	Aasáx	Cushitic	Tanzania	[130]
1975	Homa	Bantu	southern Sudan	[131]
1975	Yugh	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Soviet Union	[92][132]
27 December 1974	Manx	Celtic	Isle of Man, United Kingdom	with the death of Ned Maddrell. Now being revived as a second language[133]
28 May 1974	Ona	Chon	Tierra del Fuego, Argentina	with the death of Ángela Loij[notes 4]
1974	Moksela	Malayo-Polynesian	Maluku, Indonesia	[134]
before 1974	Cacaopera	Misumalpan	El Salvador	[135]
1972	Hanis	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of Martha Harney Johnson[136]
1972	Mbabaram	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Albert Bennett[137]
1970	Tillamook	Salishan	Oregon, United States	[92]
1968	Welsh-Romani	Romani	Wales, United Kingdom	with the death of Manfri Wood[138]
before 1968	Sened	Berber	Tunisia
after 1965	Barngarla	Pama-Nyungan	southern Australia	with the death of Moonie Davis[139]
1965	Barbareño	Chumashan	California, United States	with the death of Mary Yee[140][notes 5]
1965	Natchez	isolate	Mississippi, United States	[141] with the deaths of Nancy Raven[142] and Watt Sam. The Natchez people are attempting to revive this language.[143]
1965	Wakawaka	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	[144]
ca. 1964	Aariya	spurious	India	[145]
1963	Galice	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Hoxie Simmons
1963	Jorá	Tupi	Bolivia	[92]
1962	Wiyot	Algic	California, United States	with the death of Delia Prince[146]
after 1961	Wyandot	Iroquoian	Oklahoma, United States; Quebec, Canada
1960	Oriel dialect, Irish	Celtic	Ireland	with the death of Annie O'Hanlon[147][148]
1960	Siuslaw	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of Mary Barrett Elliott. Last speaker of Lower Umpqua dialect was Billy Dick[136]
ca. 1960s	Pirlatapa	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	[149]
1960s	Timor Pidgin	Portuguese creole	East Timor	[150]
1959	Catawba	Siouan	South Carolina, United States	with the death of Chief Sam Blue[151]
1958	Salinan	isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States
1958	Molala	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of Fred Yelkes[136]
1958	Omurano	Zaparoan	Peru	[92][152]
after 1955	Wotapuri-Katarqalai	Indo-Aryan	Afghanistan	[153]
after 1954	Tây Bồi	French-based Pidgin	Vietnam	[154][155]
1954	Central Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	with the death of John B. Hudson[136]
1954	Ifo	Malayo-Polynesian	Erromanga Island, Vanuatu	with the death of James Nalig[156]
1952	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language	Sign language	Massachusetts, United States	with the death of Katie West
1951	Alsea	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of John Albert[136]
ca. 1950	Bohemian Romani	mixed language	Czechoslovakia, Central Europe	after World War II, due to extermination of most of its speakers in Nazi concentration camps.
1950	Kaniet	Malayo-Polynesian	Manus Province, Papua New Guinea	[92][157]
ca. 1950s	Pijao	unclassified	Colombia	[158]
mid-20th century	Ventureño	Chumashan	California, United States
mid-20th century	Basay	Austronesian	Taiwan
mid-20th century	Slovincian	Slavic	Pomerania, Poland
mid-20th century	Tunica	isolate	Louisiana, United States	with the death of Sesostrie Youchigant[159]
after 1949	Kunza	unclassified	Atacama Desert, Chile/Peru
after 1947	Gafat	Semitic	along the Abbay River, Ethiopia	[160]
after 1942	Upper Umpqua	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Wolverton Orton
1940	Chitimacha	isolate	Louisiana, United States	with the death of Delphine Ducloux[161]
1940	Pentlatch	Salishan	Vancouver Island, Canada	with the death of Joe Nimnim[92]
ca. 1940s	Chemakum	Chimakuan	Washington, United States
1939	Rumsen	Penutian	California, United States	with the death of Isabel Meadows[162]
1939	Miluk	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of Annie Miner Peterson[163]
1939	Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Annie Miner Peterson[163]
1937	Yoncalla	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Laura Blackery Albertson[164]
1937	Kitanemuk	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the deaths of Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, and Refugia Duran
1936	Narungga	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia, Australia	[165]
after 1934	Biloxi	Siouan	Louisiana, United States	with the death of Emma Jackson[166]
1934	Juaneño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States
1934	Puelche	Chon	Argentina	with the death of Trruúlmani
1934	Takelma	isolate	Oregon, United States	with the death of Frances Johnson[167]
1933	Gabrielino	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States
between 1931 and 1951	Akar-Bale	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[168]
between 1931 and 1951	Aka-Kede	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[168]
between 1931 and 1951	A-Pucikwar	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[168]
after 1931	Tonkawa	isolate	Oklahoma/Texas/New Mexico, United States
1931	Kaurna	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	with the death of Ivaritji,[169] now being revived
by 1931	Aka-Bea	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[168]
by 1931	Oko-Juwoi	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[168]
ca. 1930	Mattole	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	California, United States
1930	Mutsun	Penutian	California, United States	with the death of Ascencion Solorsano
ca. 1930s	Cayuse	isolate/unclassified	Oregon, United States
ca. 1930s	Kathlamet	Penutian	Washington/Oregon, United States	with the death of Charles Cultee[136]
ca. 1930s	Lower Chinook	Penutian	Washington/Oregon, United States
ca. 1930s	Mahican	Algic > Algonquian	New York, United States
ca. 1930s	Clackamas dialect of Upper Chinook	Penutian	Washington/Oregon, United States
ca. 1930s	Kitsai	Caddoan	Oklahoma, United States	with the death of Kai Kai[170]
between 1920 and 1940	Ajawa	Chadic	Bauchi State, Nigeria	[171]
ca. 1929	Bear River	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	California, USA
after 1925	Subtiaba	Oto-Manguean or Subtiaba-Tlapanec	Nicaragua
January 1922	Chimariko	isolate	California, United States	with the death of Sally Noble[172][173]
after 1921	Chagatai	Turkic	Central Asia including Turkmenistan	[174]
by 1921	Aka-Kol	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	[175]
ca. 1920	Mochica	Chimuan	northwest Peru
ca. 1920s	Fergana Kipchak	Turkic	Fergana Valley
ca. 1920s	Chochenyo	Penutian	California, United States
ca. 1920s	Island Carib	Cariban	Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea
by 1920	Yupiltepeque	Xincan	Guatemala	[176]
after 1917	Pochutec	Uto-Aztecan	Oaxaca, Mexico
1917	Obispeño	Chumashan	Southern California, United States	with the death of Rosario Cooper[177]
1916	Yahi	isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States	with the death of Ishi[178][notes 6]
1915	Yamhill dialect of Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States
before 1913	Tataviam	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Juan José Fustero
1910	Kwalhioqua	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Washington, United States
after 1908	Siraya	Austronesian	southwestern Taiwan	[179]
1908	Mohegan-Pequot	Algic > Algonquian	southern New England, United States	with the death of Fidelia Fielding[180]
1905	Tasmanian	unclassified	Tasmania, Australia	with the death of Fanny Cochrane Smith[181][182][notes 7]
after 1902	Dyirringany	Pama–Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia
between 1900 and 1920	Jangil	Ongan	Andaman Islands, India	[183]
ca. 1900	Henniker Sign Language	Village sign	New Hampshire, United States
ca. 1900	Moran	Sino-Tibetan	Assam, India	[184]
1900	Wulguru	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
by 1900	Classical Mandaic	Semitic	Iran; Iraq	[185]
early 20th century	Atakapa	isolate	Louisiana/Texas, United States
early 20th century	Jersey Dutch	Dutch-based creole	New Jersey, United States
early 20th century	Kazukuru	Malayo-Polynesian	New Georgia, Solomon Islands
early 20th century	Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin	Chinese/Russian-based contact language
early 20th century	Chaná	Charruan	Uruguay
early 20th century	East Leinster dialect, Irish	Celtic	Ireland	[186]
20th century	ǀXam	Tuu	South Africa

19th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
late 19th century	Adai	isolate	Louisiana, United States
late 19th century	Istrian Albanian	Albanian	Croatia
later 19th century (?)	Mbara	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	[187]
ca. 1899	Nawathinehena	Algic > Algonquian	Oklahoma and Wyoming, United States[188]
by 1899	Ahom	Tai	India
by 1899	Waling	Sino-Tibetan	Nepal	[189]
10 June 1898	Dalmatian	Romance	Croatia; Montenegro	with the death of Tuone Udaina[190][191]
1898	Moriori	Malayo-Polynesian	Chatham Island, New Zealand	with the death of Hirawanu Tapu[192]
after 1894	Tsetsaut	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	British Columbia, Canada
after 1892	Awabakal	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
1886	Comecrudo	Comecrudan	Mexico; Texas, United States
1886	Cotoname	isolate	Mexico; Texas, United States
1884	Yaquina	Penutian	Oregon, United States
after 1880	Kenaboi	unclassified (Language isolate?)	Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
ca. 1880	Auregnais	Romance	Alderney, United Kingdom
1877	Aruá	Arauan	Brazil
8 May 1876	Bruny Island	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia	with the death of Truganini[notes 8]
mid-1870s	Yola	Germanic	Wexford, Ireland	[194]
1871	Tutelo	Siouan	Virginia, United States	with the death of Nikonha[195][notes 9]
1870	Clatskanie	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Washington (state), United States
after 1867	Andoquero	Witotoan	Colombia	[196]
1864	Xakriabá	Ge	Minas Gerais state, Brazil
1862	Caquetio	Arawakan	Aruba	with the death of Nicolaas Pyclas[197]
1858	Karankawa	unclassified	Texas, United States
ca. 1857	Woiwurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
ca. 1855	Wampanoag	Algic > Algonquian	Massachusetts, United States	Nantucket Wampanoag disappeared with the death of Dorcas Honorable[198]
after 1853	Samaritan	Semitic	West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Palestinian territories	[199]
October 19, 1853	Nicoleño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Juana Maria[200]
1850	Norn	North Germanic	Northern Isles, United Kingdom	with the death of Walter Sutherland[201][202]
mid-19th century	Shinnecock	Algic > Algonquian	New York, United States
ca. 1850s	Kott	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[132]
ca. 1840s	Mator	Uralic > Samoyedic	Sayan Mountains, Russia
1840s	Nanticoke	Algic > Algonquian	Delaware and Maryland, United States	with the death of Lydia Clark[203]
after 1839	Gulidjan	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
after 1836	Wathawurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
1836	Nottoway	Iroquoian	Virginia, United States
after 1835	Pali	Indo-Aryan	India; Myanmar	[204]
after 1833	Esselen	isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States
after 1832	Charrúa language	Charruan languages	Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
after 1832	Guenoa language	Charruan languages	Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
6 June 1829	Beothuk	Algic > Algonquian?	Newfoundland, Canada	with the death of Shanawdithit[205]
1828	Garza	Comecrudan	Mexico
1828	Mamulique	Comecrudan	Nuevo León, Mexico
1821	Karkin	Penutian	California, United States
after 1819	Peerapper	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia
10 April 1815	Tambora	unclassified (Papuan)	Sumbawa	following the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora[206]
after 1808	Nuennone	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia
ca. 1803	Bunwurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
ca. 1800	Pallanganmiddang	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
ca. 19th century	Crimean Gothic	Germanic	Crimea, Russia
ca. 19th century	Assan	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[132]
ca. 19th century	Sandy River Valley Sign Language	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language or isolate	Maine, United States
19th century	Mediterranean Lingua Franca	Romance-based Pidgin	Tunisia; Greece; Cyprus	[207]
19th century	Chorotega	Oto-Manguean	Costa Rica; Nicaragua	[208]
19th century	Matagalpa	Misumalpan	Nicaragua
19th century	Ramaytush	Penutian	California, United States
19th century	Kemi Sami	Uralic > Sami	Lapland, Finland	[209]
early 19th century	Cochimí	Yuman-Cochimi (Hokan?)	Baja California, Mexico
early 19th century	Yurats	Samoyedic	central Siberia, Russia
early 19th century	Wila'	Austroasiatic	Borneo, Malaysia
early 19th century	Pumpokol	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[132]

18th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
late 18th century	Esuma	Kwa	southern Côte d'Ivoire	[210]
after 1791	Eora	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia	[211]
after 1791	Quiripi	Algic > Algonquian	Connecticut/New York/New Jersey, United States	[212]
ca. 1790s	Powhatan	Algic > Algonquian	eastern Virginia, United States
after 1788	Gundungurra	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[213]
after 1788	Ngunnawal	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[213]
after 1788	Thurawal	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	[213]
26 December 1777	Cornish	Celtic	Cornwall, England	with the death of Dolly Pentreath[214][notes 10]
after 1770	Weyto	unclassified	Ethiopia
1770	Cuman	Turkic	north of Black Sea; Hungary	with the death of István Varró
ca. 1770s	Abipón	Mataco–Guaicuru	Argentina
1763	Susquehannock	Iroquoian	Maryland/Virginia, United States
1760	Galwegian dialect, Scottish Gaelic	Celtic	Scotland, United Kingdom	with the death of Margaret McMurray
1756	Polabian	Slavic	around the Elbe river, Poland/Germany	[215]
ca. 1730s	Arin	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	[132]
18th Century	Plateau Sign Language	Contact pidgin	Columbia Plateau, United States
18th century	Coahuilteco	isolate/unclassified	Mexico; Texas, United States
18th century	Etchemin	Algic > Algonquian	Maine, United States
18th century	Chibcha	Chibchan	Colombia
18th century	Hilberno-Scottish Gaelic	Celtic	Ireland and Scotland, United Kingdom	[216]
ca. 18th century	Chané	Arawakan	Argentina	a dialect of Terêna
early 18th century	Apalachee	Muskogean	Florida, United States
early 18th century	Old Prussian	Baltic	Poland

17th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
between 17th and 19th century	Niuatoputapu	Malayo-Polynesian	Niuatoputapu Island, Tonga	[217]
late 17th to early 18th century	Cacán	unclassified	northern Argentina; Chile
by 1700	Pidgin Delaware	Delaware-based pidgin	Delaware, United States	[218]
late 17th century	Sudovian	Baltic	Lithuania
after 1666	Old Kentish Sign Language	Village sign language	Kent, England	[219]
after 1643	Narragansett	Algic > Algonquian	New England, United States	[220]
ca. 1635	Jurchen	Tungusic	Manchuria, China	[221]
after 1618	Lumbee	Algic > Algonquian	North Carolina and Maryland, United States	[222]
after 1618	Carolina Algonquian	Algic > Algonquian	North Carolina, United States	[222]
17th century	Jassic	Iranian	Hungary
17th century	Coptic	Afro-Asiatic	Egypt	still used as a liturgical language
17th century	Curonian	Baltic	Latvia

16th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
late 16th century	Knaanic	Slavic	Czech Republic; Poland
late 16th century	Laurentian	Iroquoian	Quebec/Ontario, Canada
after 1548	Taino	Arawakan	The Bahamas and Puerto Rico
after 1502	Tangut	Sino-Tibetan	northwestern China; southern Mongolia
16th century	Semigallian	Baltic	Latvia; Lithuania
16th century	Guanahatabey	Unclassified	Pinar del Río Province and Isla de la Juventud, Cuba
16th century	Guanche	unclassified, maybe Berber	Canary Islands, Spain	[223]

15th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
end of 15th century	Mozarabic	Romance	Spain; Portugal	[224]
late 15th century	Greenlandic Norse	Germanic	Greenland
late 15th century	Selonian	Baltic	Latvia; Lithuania

14th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
14th century	Galindian	Baltic	northern Poland; Russia
14th century	Zarphatic	Romance	northern France; west-central Germany

13th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
13th – 14th century	Bulgar	Turkic	Volga and Danube, Europe; Central Asia
1243	Khitan	Mongolic	Central Asia	with the death of Yelü Chucai[225][notes 11]
13th century	Pyu	Sino-Tibetan	central Myanmar

11th and 12th centuries

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
12th century	Khwarezmian	Iranian	Khwarazm
11th – 12th century	Cumbric	Celtic	England/Scotland, United Kingdom
11th – 12th century	Jewish Babylonian Aramaic	Semitic	Iraq	[226]
between 1000 and 1300	Khazar	Turkic	northern Caucasus; Central Asia
ca. 1000	Lombardic	Germanic	central Europe; northern Italy
ca. 1000	Merya	Uralic	Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
ca. 1000	Muromian	Uralic	Vladimir Oblast, Russia
ca. 1000	Alanic	Iranian	Pontic-Caspian steppe, Central Asia	evolved into Ossetian
11th century	Old Church Slavonic	Slavic	Eastern Europe	still used as a liturgical language

10th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
10th – 12th century	Syriac	Semitic	Turkey; Iraq; Syria	still used as a literary secular language[227]
10th – 12th century	Samaritan Aramaic	Semitic	West Bank, Palestine; Israel	now only used as liturgical language[228]
10th century	Sakan	Iranian	Xinjiang, China
10th century	Himyaritic	Semitic	Yemen
10th century	Zhang-Zhung	Sino-Tibetan	western Tibet (Central Asia)

9th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
9th century or later	Pictish	Celtic	Scotland, United Kingdom
after 840	Tocharian	Indo-European	Tarim Basin (Central Asia)
9th century	Gothic	Germanic	Spain; Portugal; Italy	with the exception of Crimean Gothic
9th century	Frankish	Germanic	France; Germany
9th century	Sogdian	Iranian	Uzbekistan; Tajikistan	evolved partly into Yaghnobi

7th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
ca. 600	Avestan	Iranian	Iran	[229]
7th century	Gaya	Unclassified	Korea
7th century	Buyeo	Unclassified	Manchuria

6th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
6th century	Ancient Cappadocian	Indo-European	Anatolia
6th century	Dacian	Indo-European	Balkans
6th century	Illyrian	Indo-European	western Balkans	disputed
6th century	Sabaean	Semitic	Horn of Africa; Arabic Peninsula
6th century	Vandalic	Germanic	Spain; North Africa
6th century	Gaulish	Celtic	Gaul: France, Belgium, Germany and elsewhere

5th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
5th – 7th century	Phrygian	Indo-European	southeastern Bulgaria; Anatolia
5th – 6th century	Hadramautic	Semitic	Dhofar Mountains
before 6th century	Ligurian	unclassified, possibly Celtic or Indo-European	northwestern Italy; southeastern France	[230]
after 453	Hunnic	unclassified, possibly Oghuric	from the Eurasian steppe into Europe
ca. 400	Meroitic	unclassified, maybe Nilo-Saharan	Sudan
ca. 400	Sarmatian	Iranian	Pontic-Caspian steppe, Central Asia	evolved into Alanic
5th century	Thracian	Indo-European	eastern and central Balkans
5th century	Isaurian	Anatolian	Anatolia
early 5th century	Punic	Semitic	North Africa

4th century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
4th century CE	Galatian	Celtic	central Anatolia
4th century CE	Ge'ez	Semitic	Ethiopia; Eritrea	still used as a liturgical language[231]
4th century CE	Biblical Hebrew	Semitic	Israel (as a part of Roman Palestine)	revived in the 1880s
after 300 CE	Parthian	Iranian	Iran

3rd century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
3rd century CE	Raetic	unclassified, maybe Tyrsenian	eastern Alps

2nd century

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 2nd century CE	Noric	Celtic	Austria; Slovenia
after 2nd century CE	Pisidian	Anatolian	southwestern Anatolia
after 150	Bactrian	Iranian	Afghanistan
ca. 100 CE	Akkadian	Semitic	Mesopotamia	[232]
100 CE	Etruscan	Tyrsenian	central Italy
ca. 2nd century CE	Celtiberian	Celtic	Spain
2nd century CE	Lusitanian	Indo-European	Portugal; Spain

1st century

Date	Language	Language family	Region
1st – 2nd century CE	Paeonian	Indo-European	Macedonia; Greece; Bulgaria
1st – 2nd century CE	Iberian	unclassified	Spain; France
1st century CE	Liburnian	Indo-European	western Croatia
1st century CE	Venetic	Indo-European	northeastern Italy

1st century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region
1st century BCE	Elymian	unclassified	western Sicily
1st century BCE	Lycian	Anatolian	southwestern Anatolia
1st century BCE	Lydian	Anatolian	western Anatolia
1st century BCE	Messapian	Indo-European	Apulia, Italy
1st century BCE	Mysian	Anatolian	northwestern Anatolia
1st century BCE	Oscan	Italic	southern Italy
1st century BCE	Sabine	Italic	central Italy
1st century BCE	Sicanian	unclassified	central Sicily
1st century BCE	Sicel	Indo-European	eastern Sicily
1st century BCE	Umbrian	Italic	central Italy
early 1st millennium BCE	Eteocretan	isolate/unclassified	Crete, Greece
1st millennium BCE	Milyan	Anatolian	Anatolia

2nd century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
100 BCE	Vestinian	Italic	east-central Italy
ca. 150 BCE	Faliscan	Italic	Tuscany/Latium, Italy

3rd century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region
ca. 3rd century BCE	Volscian	Italic	Italy; Latium
ca. 3rd century BCE	Aequian	Italic	Latium, east-central Italy
ca. 3rd century BCE	Sidetic	Anatolian	southwestern Anatolia
3rd century BCE	Carian	Anatolian	southwestern Anatolia

4th century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
early 4th century BCE	Eteocypriot	isolate/unclassified	Cyprus
4th century BCE	Ancient Macedonian	Indo-European	northeastern Greece
ca. 300 BCE	Philistine	unclassified, maybe Indo-European	Palestine; Lebanon
ca. 300 BCE	Scythian	Iranian	Pontic-Caspian steppe, Central Asia	evolved into Sarmatian
ca. 350 BCE	Elamite	isolate	Persia; southern Mesopotamia

5th century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 5th century BCE	Tartessian	unclassified	Spain
5th century BCE	Ammonite	Semitic	northwestern Jordan
5th century BCE	Moabite	Semitic	northwestern Jordan
maybe 5th century BCE	Phoenician	Semitic	Lebanon; Palestine; Mediterranean coast	evolved into Punic
ca. 400 BCE	Lepontic	Celtic	northern Italy

6th century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 6th century BCE	Lemnian	Tyrsenian	Lemnos, Greece	[233]
6th century BCE	Edomite	Semitic	southwestern Jordan

7th century BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
7th century BCE	Urartian	Hurro-Urartian	Armenia; Georgia; Iraq; Anatolia
ca. 600 BCE	Luwian	Anatolian	Anatolia; northern Syria
ca. 600 BCE	Egyptian	Afroasiatic	Ancient Egypt	evolved into Demotic by 600 BCE

2nd millennium BCE

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
early 2nd millennium BCE	Sumerian	isolate	Mesopotamia	used as a literary and liturgical language until about 100 CE[234]
2nd millennium BCE	Eblaite	Semitic	Syria
ca. 1100 BCE	Hittite	Anatolian	Anatolia
after 1170 BCE	Ugaritic	Semitic	Syria	following the destruction of Ugarit
ca. 1200 BCE	Hurrian	Hurro-Urartian	Anatolia; Syria; Mesopotamia
ca. 1300 BCE	Palaic	Anatolian	northwest Anatolia
ca. 1500 BCE	Hattic	isolate	Anatolia
ca. 1550-1050 BCE	Cypro-Minoan	unclassified	Cyprus

Unknown date

Date	Language	Language family	Region
UNK	Olmec language	Undetermined; likely a language family from Mexico	Mexico
UNK	Baekje language	Korean	Korea
UNK	Goguryeo language	Korean	Korea, China

Notes

Last surviving native speaker; it is being taught as a second language on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State.
Last surviving native speaker; some children still learn it as a second language.
Brother of Lenape traditionalist and language preservation activist Nora Thompson Dean
The last full-blooded Selknam Indian, but some have suggested certain people remained fluent in the languages until the 1980s.
Last attested speaker of a Chumashan language
Last member of the Yahi, the last surviving group of the Yana people who spoke Yana
Considered to be the last fluent speaker of a Tasmanian language.
Considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a Tasmanian language;[193] however, Fanny Cochrane Smith, who spoke one of the Tasmanian languages, outlived her.
Last full-blooded speaker, though partial knowledge of this language continued among mixed Cayuga-Tutelo descendants for some time.
Possibly the last fluent native speaker of the Cornish language, was monoglot until her twenties. See Last speaker of the Cornish language.
Last person known to speak, read, and write in Khitan.

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This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[13] Last surviving native speaker; it is being taught as a second language on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State.

[15] Last surviving native speaker; some children still learn it as a second language.

[61] Brother of Lenape traditionalist and language preservation activist Nora Thompson Dean

[137] The last full-blooded Selknam Indian, but some have suggested certain people remained fluent in the languages until the 1980s.

[145] Last attested speaker of a Chumashan language

[184] Last member of the Yahi, the last surviving group of the Yana people who spoke Yana

[189] Considered to be the last fluent speaker of a Tasmanian language.

[201] Considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a Tasmanian language;[193] however, Fanny Cochrane Smith, who spoke one of the Tasmanian languages, outlived her.

[204] Last full-blooded speaker, though partial knowledge of this language continued among mixed Cayuga-Tutelo descendants for some time.

[224] Possibly the last fluent native speaker of the Cornish language, was monoglot until her twenties. See Last speaker of the Cornish language.

[236] Last person known to speak, read, and write in Khitan.

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