TAAR2

Trace amine-associated receptor 2 (TAAR2), formerly known as G protein-coupled receptor 58 (GPR58), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR2 gene.[5][6][7][8] TAAR2 is coexpressed with Gα proteins;[8] however, as of February 2017, its signal transduction mechanisms have not been determined.[8]

TAAR2
Identifiers
AliasesTAAR2, GPR58, taR-2, trace amine associated receptor 2, trace amine associated receptor 2 (gene/pseudogene)
External IDsOMIM: 604849 MGI: 2685071 HomoloGene: 110760 GeneCards: TAAR2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 6 (human)[1]
Band6q23.2Start132,617,022 bp[1]
End132,624,275 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

9287

209512

Ensembl

ENSG00000146378

ENSMUSG00000059763

UniProt

Q9P1P5

Q5QD17

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001033080
NM_014626

NM_001007266

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001028252
NP_055441

NP_001007267

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 132.62 – 132.62 MbChr 10: 23.94 – 23.94 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Human TAAR2 (hTAAR2) is expressed in the cerebellum, olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium, and leukocytes (i.e., white blood cells), among other tissues.[9][10] hTAAR1 and hTAAR2 are both required for white blood cell activation by trace amines in granulocytes.[11]

In mice TAAR2 is expressed in several brain regions including hippocampus, cerebellum, cortex, raphe nuclei and habenula.[12]

TAAR2 knockout mice have significantly higher level of dopamine in the striatum tissue than wild-type littermates and lower level of norepinephrine in hippocampus. Also, TAAR2 knockout mice have lower levels of MAO-B expression in midbrain and striatum.[12]

A single nucleotide polymorphism nonsense mutation of the TAAR2 gene is associated with schizophrenia.[8][9] TAAR2 is a probable pseudogene in 10–15% of Asians as a result of a polymorphism that produces a premature stop codon at amino acid 168.[8]

3‐iodo‐thyronamine(T1AM) was identified as a nonselective ligand for TAAR2.[10]

See also

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146378 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000059763 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Lee DK, Lynch KR, Nguyen T, Im DS, Cheng R, Saldivia VR, et al. (February 2000). "Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein-coupled receptor family". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1490 (3): 311–23. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00241-9. PMID 10684976.
  6. Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Hoener MC (March 2005). "Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors". Genomics. 85 (3): 372–85. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010. PMID 15718104.
  7. "Entrez Gene: TAAR2 trace amine associated receptor 2".
  8. Davenport AP, Alexander S, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, Liew WC, Mpamhanga C, Battey J, Benya RV, Jensen RT, Karnik S, Kostenis E, Spindel E, Storjohann L, Tirupula K, Bonner TI, Neubig R, Pin JP, Spedding M, Harmar A (25 June 2015). "TAAR2". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  9. Khan MZ, Nawaz W (October 2016). "The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 83: 439–449. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002. PMID 27424325.
  10. Cichero E, Tonelli M (May 2017). "New insights into the structure of the trace amine-associated receptor 2: Homology modelling studies exploring the binding mode of 3-iodothyronamine". Chemical Biology & Drug Design. 89 (5): 790–796. doi:10.1111/cbdd.12903. PMID 27863038. S2CID 21073152.
  11. Babusyte A, Kotthoff M, Fiedler J, Krautwurst D (March 2013). "Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 93 (3): 387–94. doi:10.1189/jlb.0912433. PMID 23315425. S2CID 206996784.
  12. Kuvarzin S, Efimova E, Mor M, Katolikova N, Smirnova D, Kozlova A, Gainetdinov R (17 November 2020). "Trace amine-associated receptor 2: brain expression and it's role in neurochemistry and behaviour". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 40: S41–S42. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.059.

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