List of irredentist claims or disputes

Notes:

• States with limited recognition that are simultaneously not members of the United Nations are indicated in Italics.

State	Claimed area	Notes
Albania	Kosovo	Kosovo is a state with limited recognition. For more information, see articles; political status of Kosovo and Albania-Kosovo relations. Albania does not officially claim Kosovo but has strong diplomatic and cultural ties. The majority of Kosovans (citizens of Kosovo) are ethnic-Albanian, though a distinct 'Kosovar' ethnic identity also exists.
Armenia	Artsakh	Artsakh, also known as Nagorno-Karabakh, is a state with limited recognition. For more information, see articles; political status of Nagorno-Karabakh and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Armenia does not officially claim Artsakh but has strong diplomatic and cultural ties. The majority of Artsakhtsi (the demonym for people from Artsakh) are ethnic-Armenian.
Artsakh	Parts of:  Azerbaijan Uncontrolled portions of the Nagorno-Karabakh region	Artsakh, also known as Nagorno-Karabakh, is a state with limited recognition. For more information, see articles; political status of Nagorno-Karabakh and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Artsakh maintains territorial claims to parts of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast that are under the control of Azerbaijan.
Austria	Parts of:  Italy  South Tyrol	A desire to unify South Tyrol with Austria is held by nationalist groups in both Austria and South Tyrol, which became part of Italy following the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War One.[1][2][3]
Azerbaijan	Artsakh	Artsakh, also known as Nagorno-Karabakh, is a state with limited recognition. For more information, see articles; political status of Nagorno-Karabakh and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
Cyprus	Northern Cyprus Parts of:  United Kingdom  Akrotiri and Dhekelia	The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a state with limited recognition that occupies the northern portion of the island of Cyprus. Akrotiri and Dhekelia are two British Overseas Territories on the island of Cyprus. For more information, see article; Cyprus dispute.
Georgia	Abkhazia  South Ossetia	Abkhazia and South Ossetia – Alania are states with limited recognition. For more information, see articles; occupied territories of Georgia, Abkhaz–Georgian conflict and Georgian–Ossetian conflict.
Greece	Cyprus  Northern Cyprus  Akrotiri and Dhekelia ( United Kingdom)	The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a state with limited recognition that occupies the northern portion of the island of Cyprus. Akrotiri and Dhekelia are two British Overseas Territories on the island of Cyprus. Greece has historically claimed the entire island of Cyprus. For more information, see article; Cyprus dispute.
Ireland	Parts of:  United Kingdom  Northern Ireland	The Irish territorial claim to Northern Ireland was officially dropped in accordance with the Good Friday Agreement. However, the diplomatic dispute is still ongoing, with issues such as Irish citizenship and Ireland-United Kingdom border customs remaining prominent.
Kosovo	Parts of:  Serbia Preševo Valley	Kosovo is a state with limited recognition. For more information, see articles; political status of Kosovo and Kosovo–Serbia relations.
Moldova	Transnistria	Transnistria is a state with limited recognition. For more information, see article; political status of Transnistria.
Portugal	Parts of:  Spain  Olivenza	Olivenza is currently administered by Spain. The claim has not been actively pursued by Portugal ever since both Portugal and Spain joined the European Union in 1986. However it was never relinquished by Portuguese authorities and to this day there is no official demarcation line in the region's border between both countries.
Romania	Moldova  Transnistria	The movement to unify Romania and Moldova is relatively significant. It also includes Transnistria, a breakaway region of Moldova.
Russia	Parts of:  Ukraine  Crimea (UA)  Sevastopol  Donetsk (UA)  Luhansk (UA)	Russia occupied and annexed several territories of Ukraine from 2014 onwards.
Serbia	Kosovo	Kosovo is a state with limited recognition. For more information, see articles; political status of Kosovo, Kosovo-Serbia relations and Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.
South Ossetia	Parts of:  Georgia Border regions (allegedly in line with the historical borders of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast)	South Ossetia – Alania is a state with limited recognition. For more information, see articles; occupied territories of Georgia and Georgian–Ossetian conflict.
Spain	Parts of:  United Kingdom  Gibraltar	Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. For more information, see article; Status of Gibraltar.
Turkey	Cyprus  Northern Cyprus  Akrotiri and Dhekelia ( United Kingdom)	The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a state with limited recognition that occupies the northern portion of the island of Cyprus. Akrotiri and Dhekelia are two British Overseas Territories on the island of Cyprus. Turkey has historically claimed the entire island of Cyprus. For more information, see article; Cyprus dispute.
Ukraine	Russia-occupied territories:  Crimea (RU)  Sevastopol  Donetsk (RU)  Luhansk (RU)	Ukraine maintains territorial claims to Crimea, Sevastopol, Donetsk and Luhansk, which were occupied by Russia from 2014 onwards.

Russian irredentism can be divided into three categories: broad, intermediate, and narrow.

• The broad sense includes all lands that historically made up the Russian Empire and/or the Soviet Union at their maximum extents. It may also extend to neighbouring countries or regions that are populated by peoples over which Russia ruled (e.g. Iranian Azerbaijan in Iran), or peoples which are closely related to them due to linguistic, ethnic or religious ties. Historically, Russia has pursued all of these avenues; examples include the Panslavism movement to put all of the Balkans (where there exists Slavic and Eastern Orthodox majorities) under Russian hegemony; the Third Rome philosophy, which focused on re-claiming the former Byzantine Empire regions (in particular the warm winter port of Constantinople, today Istanbul), and in addition establishing a hegemony over Greater Armenia and the Holy Land (Lebanon, Palestine etc.). Simultaneously, there were ambitions to continue expansion into Persia and even India (see The Great Game). The Russian Empire also planned to force Qing China to cede Xinjiang, Manchuria, Outer Mongolia, and Korea. While the Russo-Japanese War ended most of these prospects, the Soviet Union would eventually create a sphere of influence in this area in the form of the Mongolian People's Republic and the Tuvan People's Republic. Finally, in Russian America, Russia held claims extending from the Aleutian Islands to northern California, but these plans were cancelled after Alaska was sold to the United States in 1867.
• The intermediate sense includes some or all of the independent countries and/or territories that made up the historical Russian borders. These may include Moldova, Ukraine, eastern Poland, Belarus, the Baltic states, and Finland in Europe, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia in the Caucasus, and Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan in Central Asia. Some narrower definitions include only the pro-Russian breakaway states of Abkhazia (Georgia), South Ossetia (Georgia), and Transnistria (Moldova), as well as Kars Oblast in Turkey and Batum Oblast partly in Turkey also (Ardahan Province) and Adjara in Georgia.
• The narrow sense of Russian irredentism focuses only on regions that are populated by ethnic Russians that are outside the Russian Federation, such as: Narva in Estonia; lands around Daugavpils and Riga in Latvia; Sloboda Ukraine, Novorossiya, and Crimea from Ukraine (the latter of which has de facto joined the Federation[4][5]); Gagra district in Georgia (also claimed by Abkhazia); and lands between the Russian border and the rivers of Ural and Irtysh in Kazakhstan, as well as parts of Semirechye.

Many fringe and opposition groups in various countries maintain their own set of territorial claims, which are given below.

Notes:

• States with limited recognition that are simultaneously not members of the United Nations are indicated in Italics.

State	Claimed area	Notes
Albania	In addition to...  Kosovo Parts of:  North Macedonia Regions in the west with significant ethnic-Albanian populations.  Serbia Preševo Valley  Montenegro Minor border regions	Irredentist claims of Albania are collectively known as 'Greater Albania'. In addition to Albania's unofficial claim to the de facto Republic of Kosovo, which has been mentioned in the table above, Albanian nationalists also claim majority-Albanian regions of neighbouring countries, especially North Macedonia, where Albanians are the second-largest ethnic group in the country. Albanian nationalists also claim minor regions with majority-Albanian populations in other neighbouring countries, such as Serbia (the Preševo Valley, which is an extension of the Kosovo claim) and Montenegro. Albania has decent relations with North Macedonia and tense albeit official relations with Serbia (the Kosovo dispute is a significant factor in the relationship).
Armenia	In addition to...  Artsakh Parts of:  Georgia Javakheti  Azerbaijan  Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic Minor Azerbaijani territories claimed by Artsakh  Turkey Western Armenia	Irredentist claims of Armenia are collectively known as 'United Armenia'. In addition to Armenia's unofficial claim to the de facto Republic of Artsakh (including the entire claimed region of Nagorno-Karabakh), which has been mentioned in the table above, Armenian nationalists also claim the majority-Armenian region of Javakheti (Javakhk) in the neighbouring country of Georgia. However, Armenia and Georgia have relatively strong relations, so this dispute is relatively insignificant. Historical Armenian territories that no longer possess major ethnic-Armenian populations include Nakhchivan, an exclave of Azerbaijan located adjacent to Armenia, and 'Western Armenia', part of what is now the northeast of the neighbouring country of Turkey. Many Armenians in Turkey were exterminated in the Armenian Genocide that lasted from 1914 until 1923. Armenia-Azerbaijan relations and Armenia-Turkey relations are very poor.
Azerbaijan	Parts of:  Iran	Some Azeri nationalists claim Azeri-majority provinces of Iran, including West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Zanjan.
Belarus	Parts of:  Poland  Lithuania  Russia
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Parts of:  Montenegro  Serbia
Bulgaria	North Macedonia Parts of:  Romania  Serbia  Greece  Turkey  Albania	Irredentist claims of Bulgaria are collectively known as 'Greater Bulgaria'.
Chechnya (federal subject of  Russia)	Parts of:  Dagestan (federal subject of  Russia)	Internal dispute: Chechnya (a federal subject of Russia) has occasionally laid claims on a region called Akkia (roughly the Auhovskiy rayon, in Russian), part of neighbouring Dagestan (also a federal subject of Russia).
Croatia	Parts of:  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Serbia  Montenegro
Denmark	Parts of:  Sweden Scania  Germany Schleswig
England	Parts of:  Wales  Monmouthshire	The English Democrats Party are irredentist in regards to Monmouthshire (since 1974 part of Wales).[6] Note that this is an internal dispute since both England and Wales are constituent countries of the United Kingdom.
Estonia	Parts of:  Russia
Finland	Parts of:  Russia  Karelia
Greece	Parts of:  Turkey  Albania  Bulgaria  North Macedonia	The Megali Idea became a political objective of the Greek government in the early 20th century. It envisioned a "Greater Greece" covering areas of earlier Greek empires where significant Greek settlements still existed. The idea ended with the devastating defeat of the Greek army in Asia Minor in 1922 and the following population exchange between Greece and Turkey.[7][8]
Georgia	Parts of:  Turkey  Russia  Azerbaijan  Armenia	Georgian irredentists claim Tao-Klarjeti.
Germany	Austria  Luxembourg  Liechtenstein Parts of:  Belgium  Poland  Lithuania  Russia  Denmark  France  Czech Republic  Hungary  Slovakia  Italy  Slovenia
Hungary	Parts of:  Slovakia  Romania  Serbia  Ukraine  Austria
Ingushetia (federal subject of  Russia)	Parts of:  North Ossetia – Alania (federal subject of  Russia)	Internal dispute: Both territories are federal subjects of Russia.
Italy	Malta Parts of:  Albania  Croatia  France  Greece	Italian claims to Istria (Italian irredentism in Istria) and Dalmatia (Italian irredentism in Dalmatia) after World War I. Other cultural and historical movements claimed to include parts of France to Italy such as the Italian irredentism in Corsica or the Italian irredentism in Nice.
North Macedonia	Parts of:  Greece  Bulgaria  Albania	Irredentists from North Macedonia have expressed land claims to the entire historical region of Macedonia
Norway	Parts of:  Denmark  Greenland  Faroe Islands  United Kingdom  Shetland  Orkney  Sweden	Theoretical claim to the Orkney and Shetland Islands due to a 15th-century unpaid dowry to the king of Scotland.[9]
Poland	Parts of:  Belarus  Ukraine  Lithuania  Czech Republic
Romania	Parts of:  Bulgaria  Ukraine
Serbia	Parts of:  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Republika Srpska  Croatia  North Macedonia  Montenegro	Currently, there is a movement calling for the unification of Republika Srpska with Serbia. The area is currently part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[10]
Slovenia	Parts of:  Italy  Austria  Croatia
Turkey	Parts of:  Ukraine  Crimea ( Russia-occupied territory)  Syria  Iraq  Greece  Bulgaria  Armenia  Azerbaijan  Georgia  Iran
Ukraine	Parts of:  Moldova  Transnistria  Romania  Slovakia  Poland  Belarus  Russia

• In the 1955 referendum, Saarland, a previous French protectorate territory, voted to reunite with Germany.
• French claimed Alsace-Lorraine before World War I, after which the territory was returned to them.
• Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro claimed various European parts of the Ottoman Empire and Albania (both of which the four divided among themselves) before the First Balkan War, where they took these claims to the battlefield, and won.

Notes:

• States with limited recognition that are simultaneously not members of the United Nations are indicated in Italics.

State	Claimed area	Notes
Afghanistan	Parts of:  Pakistan	Afghanistan claims Pashtun-populated territories within Pakistan.
Brunei	Numerous islands in the South China Sea	Brunei is involved in numerous territorial disputes in the South China Sea involving China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam.
Cambodia	Parts of:  Vietnam	Fringe movement.
China	Taiwan  Hong Kong  Macau Numerous islands in the South China Sea Parts of:  India  Arunachal Pradesh Other territories along Sino-Indian border  Tajikistan  Bhutan  Japan Senkaku Islands (parts of  Okinawa Prefecture)	Taiwan is a state with limited recognition. For more information, see articles; political status of Taiwan, Cross-Strait relations and Taiwan, China. Hong Kong and Macau are already under PRC sovereignty but remain officially highly autonomous as special administrative regions. Their autonomy is due to officially end in 2047 and 2049, respectively, at which point it is expected that they will be fully integrated into the PRC. The PRC is involved in numerous territorial disputes in the South China Sea involving Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam. The PRC is involved in several territorial disputes with India, with most of the vast Sino-Indian border being undefined; Arunachal Pradesh, an Indian state, is the largest territory under Indian control that is claimed by the PRC. The PRC claims the Senkaku Islands, which are parts of Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. The PRC has also historically been involved in various relatively minor border conflicts with other neighbouring countries, such as with Tajikistan and Bhutan. The PRC's historical border disputes with Russia, Pakistan and Myanmar have mostly been settled. The PRC has historically recognised the independence of Mongolia, which it formerly claimed.
Malaysia	Numerous islands in the South China Sea	Malaysia is involved in numerous territorial disputes in the South China Sea involving Brunei, China, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam.
North Korea	South Korea	See articles; division of Korea, Korea and North Korea–South Korea relations.
India	Parts of:  Pakistan  Azad Kashmir  Gilgit-Baltistan  China Aksai Chin    Nepal	See articles; Kashmir conflict, India–Pakistan relations, Sino-Indian border dispute, China–India relations and territorial disputes of India and Nepal.
Japan	Parts of:  Russia Kuril Islands (parts of  Sakhalin Oblast)	Russia (Soviet Union) occupied the Kuril Islands at the conclusion of World War II, which had previously been under Japanese (Empire of Japan) control. Japan never relinquished sovereignty over several of the larger islands in the south of the island chain. Russia and Japan never signed an official peace treaty to conclude WWII. The dispute continues into the present day. For more information, see article; Kuril Islands dispute.
Pakistan	Parts of:  India  Ladakh  Jammu and Kashmir	See articles; Kashmir conflict and India–Pakistan relations.
Philippines	Numerous islands in the South China Sea Parts of:  Malaysia  Sabah	The Philippines is involved in numerous territorial disputes in the South China Sea involving Brunei, China, Malaysia, Taiwan and Vietnam. See also North Borneo dispute.
South Korea	North Korea	See articles; division of Korea, Korea and North Korea–South Korea relations.
Taiwan	China  Mongolia Numerous islands in the South China Sea Parts of:  India  Arunachal Pradesh  Russia  Tuva Outer Manchuria  Myanmar  Tajikistan  Pakistan  Bhutan  Japan Senkaku Islands (parts of  Okinawa Prefecture)	Taiwan, under the constitution of the Republic of China, technically claims the entire former borders of its predecessor state, the Qing dynasty, including all of China, all of Mongolia and parts of surrounding countries. However, the current Taiwanese government is not actively enforcing these claims. Taiwan actively claims the Senkaku Islands, which are parts of Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. Taiwan is involved in numerous territorial disputes in the South China Sea involving Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam.
Vietnam	Numerous islands in the South China Sea	Vietnam is involved in numerous territorial disputes in the South China Sea involving Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Taiwan.

Notes:

• States with limited recognition that are simultaneously not members of the United Nations are indicated in Italics.

State	Claimed area	Notes
Iraq	Kuwait	Iraqi nationalism.
Iraq	Parts of:  Iran  Khuzestan	Iraqi nationalism, Arab nationalism.
Iraqi Kurdistan (Autonomous region in  Iraq)	Parts of:  Iraq  Kurdistan Region	Kurdish nationalism.
Israel	Palestine West Bank Parts of:  Syria Golan Heights  Lebanon Shebaa Farms	Arab-Israeli conflict, Zionism, Palestinian nationalism, Arab nationalism.
Lebanon	Israel-occupied territories: Shebaa Farms	Arab-Israeli conflict.
Palestine	Israel	Arab-Israeli conflict, Zionism, Palestinian nationalism, Arab nationalism.
Syria	Israel-occupied territories: Golan Heights	Arab-Israeli conflict.
Syria	Parts of:  Turkey  Hatay Province	Syrian nationalism, Arab nationalism.

Notes:

• States with limited recognition that are simultaneously not members of the United Nations are indicated in Italics.

State	Claimed area	Notes
Comoros	Parts of:  France  Mayotte
Madagascar	Parts of:  France
Mauritania	Western Sahara  Morocco  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Parts of:  Mali  Azawad  Niger	Greater Mauritania.
Mauritius	Parts of:  United Kingdom  British Indian Ocean Territory	Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute.
Morocco	Western Sahara  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic  Mauritania Parts of:  Algeria  Mali  Portugal  Madeira  Spain  Canary Islands  Ceuta  Melilla	Greater Morocco.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Parts of:  Western Sahara Portions of Western Sahara that are controlled by  Morocco
Somalia	Somaliland Parts of:  Ethiopia  Somali Region  Kenya  Djibouti	Greater Somalia.
Somaliland	Parts of:  Somalia