Skyway (Metro Manila)

The Skyway, officially the Metro Manila Skyway System or Metro Manila Skyway, is an elevated highway serving as the main expressway in Metro Manila, Philippines. It connects the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) by going above the existing alignment of some major thoroughfares in Metro Manila. It stretches from the NLEX in the north to Alabang–Zapote Road in the south and crosses through the highly urbanized areas of Caloocan, Quezon City, Manila, Makati, Pasay, Taguig, Parañaque and Muntinlupa while relieving major thoroughfares from heavy traffic.


Skyway
Metro Manila Skyway System
Map of expressways in Luzon, with Skyway in orange
Skyway facing northbound towards Osmeña Highway (March 2007)
Route information
Maintained by Skyway Operations and Maintenance Corporation and Citra Metro Manila Tollways Corporation
Length41 km (25 mi)
Approximate length
Stage 1 – 9.3 km (5.8 mi)[1]
Stage 2 – 6.86 km (4.26 mi)[1]
Stage 3 – about 18.83 km (11.70 mi)[2]
Extension Project – 6 km (3.7 mi) (under construction)
Existed1999–present
Component
highways
E2 / AH26[lower-alpha 1]
Restrictions
Major junctions
North end E1 / AH26 (North Luzon Expressway) in Caloocan[lower-alpha 2]
 
To N411 (Alabang–Zapote Road) in Alabang, Muntinlupa
Future
South end E2 / AH26 (South Luzon Expressway) in Muntinlupa
Location
Major citiesCaloocan, Quezon City, San Juan, Manila, Makati, Pasay, Taguig, Parañaque, Muntinlupa
Highway system
  • Roads in the Philippines

The expressway is the first fully grade-separated highway in the Philippines. It will be one of the longest flyovers in the world with a total length of approximately 41 kilometers (25 mi) when the extension project in Muntinlupa is completed. It provides access to Ninoy Aquino International Airport via NAIA Expressway. With the soft opening of Skyway Stage 3 in 2020, the elevated expressway is now connected to the North Luzon Expressway and will help cut the travel time between Metro Manila and Clark International Airport in Pampanga.[5]

With the opening of the Skyway system, traffic at the South Luzon Expressway considerably improved with the additional roadway capacity, rehabilitated roads, and upgraded and newly constructed facilities.

Route description

Skyway facing southbound towards Magallanes (April 2015)
Skyway looking south towards the NAIA Interchange (2015)

From the north, Skyway begins at the North Luzon Expressway, beneath the Libis Baesa Overpass just south of the Balintawak Toll Plaza in Caloocan.[2] There, Skyway Stage 3 between NLEx and Buendia begins. It rises over the Old Novaliches and Camachile Flyovers of Quirino Highway and the Balintawak Interchange in Quezon City and returns to its original level as it runs over A. Bonifacio Avenue. It then veers east towards Sgt. Rivera Avenue and Gregorio Araneta Avenue, both components of Circumferential Road 3 (C-3) where it becomes a double decker elevated highway, the first of its kind in the Philippines. The lower deck carries northbound traffic, while the upper deck carries southbound traffic. The Del Monte toll plaza, which consists of two toll barriers on each deck, could be found there. It then merges back to a single deck above the Del Monte Avenue intersection. It then rises over the Quezon Avenue–Araneta Avenue intersection and returns to its original level past the Quezon Avenue Exit. Past Aurora Boulevard/Magsaysay Boulevard near Santa Mesa, it then follows the curve of the San Juan River up to the river's mouth at the Pasig River in Manila. It then returns to land, entering the private San Miguel Yamamura Packaging Corporation plant (owned by the same Skyway concessionaire San Miguel Corporation) in Pandacan. It then veers southwest towards Tomas Claudio Street (Paco-Santa Mesa Road), where it becomes a double decker elevated highway once again, crosses Plaza Azul, proceeds to Quirino Avenue, and merges back into a single deck near Plaza Dilao in Paco. It then veers southeast towards Osmeña Highway. Two toll plazas would be built for southbound motorists near the Manila–Makati boundary, just before the exit to Gil Puyat Avenue (Buendia Avenue). It then rises above the Osmeña Highway–Buendia Avenue intersection and Buendia Flyover and returns to its original level to meet with the initial alignment of Skyway.[6]

From south of Gil Puyat Avenue, Stage 1 begins. It rises above the Magallanes Interchange and returns to its original level after crossing EDSA. Past its interchange with the NAIA Expressway, it descends into ground level because of height restrictions on structures near Ninoy Aquino International Airport and also due to the airport runway approach is directly perpendicular to this section, paralleling South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) and the PNR Metro South Commuter Line along the PasayTaguig boundary. The Skyway elevates again past the C-5 Exit and Arca South. From Bicutan, at the start of Stage 2, it continuously runs above SLEX. At the Sucat Exit, the Skyway rises above the eastern end of Dr. Santos Avenue and descends before approaching the Alabang toll plaza in Cupang, Muntinlupa. An exit leading down to SLEX then follows. Past the toll plaza and the exit to SLEX, the Skyway would be split into two: a one-lane-per-direction segment towards Alabang–Zapote Road near South Station in Alabang and its 6-kilometer (3.7 mi) extension currently under construction that will carry traffic through Alabang. The latter will run along both sides of SLEX and cross above the shoulder of Alabang Viaduct, Filinvest Exit, and descend in Putatan, where three northbound toll plazas will serve entering vehicles about 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) north of the Susana Heights Exit.[7]

History

The Skyway System Logo from 1996 to 2017, still used alternatively

In November 1995, the Jakarta-based investor Citra Lamtoro Gung Persada (CITRA, owned by Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana, a daughter of then-Indonesian president Suharto) entered into a Supplemental Toll Operation Agreement (STOA) with the Republic of the Philippines through the Toll Regulatory Board (TRB) as grantor, and the Philippine National Construction Corporation (PNCC) as operator. It was the result of negotiations that began on October 31, 1994 with the organization of the Technical Working Group composed of representatives from the Board of Investments (BOI), the Department of Finance (DOF), AIA Capital as financial adviser, the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), the TRB, the PNCC, and the PT CITRA Group. Under the STOA, Citra Metro Manila Tollways Corporation (CMMTC as the concessionaire was formally established), was mandated to finance, design, and construct stage 1 of the South Metro Manila Tollway Project, consisting of an elevated expressway from Bicutan to Buendia and the rehabilitation of the at-grade portion of the South Metro Manila Tollway project. The STOA was approved by Philippine President Fidel V. Ramos in April 1996.

Stage 1

Stage 1 involved the rehabilitation of the 13.43-kilometer (8.35 mi) at-grade portion of SLEX from Magallanes to Alabang and the construction of a 6-lane, 9.3-kilometer (5.8 mi) elevated expressway above it, from Buendia to Bicutan. Construction of Stage 1 started on April 7, 1995 and partially opened to motorists in October 1999. Buendia, Makati (now Amorsolo), Magallanes, Skyway Toll Plazas A and B, and Bicutan Exits were first to be completed in December 1997. The Don Bosco Exit was completed in January 2002, while the NAIA Interchange was in construction from 2004 to 2009. CMMTC spent US$32.7 million (₱1.57 Billion) on Stage 1 with a length of 9.3 kilometers (5.8 mi).[1]

Stage 2

On April 2, 2009, CITRA announced the construction on the second stage.[8] By June 2009, new pillars were going up. By May 2010, Stage 2 was 50% done, rotating the highest pierhead in the Sucat area; by July it was 65% done, concreting 134 of the required 238 spans, and started pouring the asphalt overlay. On December 15, 2010, the Bicutan–Sucat portion of Stage 2 opened to the public. Motorists could use this portion for free before the Skyway reverted its toll rates back to its 2007 levels a week later. In April 2011, the Hillsborough Exit, the Alabang Toll Plaza, and the South Station Exit were opened to the public toll-free until April 25. Stage 2 extended the toll road by about 6.86 kilometers (4.26 mi) from Bicutan to Alabang.[1]

Stage 3

South Superhighway-Buendia segment (September 2019)
Araneta Avenue segment (September 2019)
Segment 5 over Balintawak Cloverleaf (December 2020)
Construction progress of Skyway Stage 3

Dubbed as "Skyway Stage 3", the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) had received an unsolicited proposal for the construction of the elevated toll road Skyway's extension from San Miguel Corporation-backed Citra Metro Manila Tollways Corp. (CMMTC) which according to their proposal would run from Bicutan, Taguig to Balintawak, Quezon City. The DPWH included the project in its PPP thrust and subjected the proposal to a Swiss Challenge, a procedure that requires a government agency which has received an unsolicited bid for a project to publish the bid and invite third parties to match or exceed it.

Construction of Skyway Stage 3 started on February 17, 2014.[9][10] However, construction delays and right-of-way issues has rescheduled its target completion date to 2020.[11]

The original plans called for the 14 km (8.7 mi) project to be divided into four segments.[12] The original alignment would consist of Zamora flyover, crossing the Pasig River, meeting up with the NLEX-SLEX Connector near the PUP campus, and passing through Old Santa Mesa Road and V. Mapa Street. However, due to right-of-way issues, the alignment was forced to be realigned, veering right from Tomas Claudio Street through the San Miguel Yamamura Packaging Corporation plastic plant in Pandacan, and follow the San Juan River up to Gregorio Araneta Avenue. A second modification of the plans added a fifth segment at the north end of the project. Instead of ending at the Balintawak Cloverleaf at EDSA, Segment 5 would cross over EDSA and Quirino Highway's Camachile and Old Novaliches Flyovers and ultimately connect to the Balintawak Toll Plaza of North Luzon Expressway in Caloocan, bringing the entire Stage 3 segment to approximately 18.83 kilometers (11.70 mi) long.[2] This new segment opens a new possibility of further expansion to the north.

A short stretch of the northbound lanes of the Buendia–Quirino portion which crosses Buendia Avenue was opened to motorists in June 2018.[13] The Buendia–Plaza Dilao segment was then partially opened on July 22, 2019, toll-free and exclusively to Class 1 vehicles only.[14][15] The northbound exit ramp to Quirino Avenue was completed on December 23.[2] On February 1, 2020, a fire at the San Miguel Yamamura Packaging Corporation plastic plant in Pandacan caused a 300 m (980 ft) portion of Skyway Stage 3 to collapse, causing untimely delays in the project.[16] The damaged portions from the fire required total reconstruction of the pierheads and the replacement of the burnt girders, pushing back the opening of the segment to November 2020.[17]

On October 13, 2020, San Miguel Corporation announced a final concrete pouring and completion of Skyway Stage 3. However, due to continuous rainfalls, the asphalt laiding was delayed.[18][19][20] On December 29, 2020, the remaining segment of Skyway Stage 3 up to NLEX partially opened.[21] It later became fully operational on January 15, 2021.[22] The Buendia northbound entry ramp, Quezon Avenue Exit, Del Monte toll plaza (southbound only, followed by northbound), and its northern terminus at NLEX (Balintawak) were then opened to the public.[23][24] The section is closed every 10pm to 5am to allow for finishing touches along the section.

Operation and maintenance

The rehabilitated at-grade portion of the South Luzon Expressway from Nichols to Alabang and the Metro Manila Skyway System are both operated by the Skyway Operations and Maintenance Corporation (SOMCo), a company of the existing PNCC concession holder, and Citra Metro Manila Tollways Corporation. SOMCo took over the operations and maintenance of the Skyway from the former operator, PNCC Skyway Corporation, effective January 2008 and was established in compliance with the provisions stipulated in the July 2007 Amended Supplemental Toll Operators Agreement (A-STOA) between the PNCC, Citra Metro Manila Tollways Corporation, and the Toll Regulatory Board (TRB), which awarded the management of the 35-kilometer toll road to Citra. Skyway used the using Vendeka toll collection system. SOMCo is in charge of the three major operational functions of the Skyway: traffic safety and management, maintenance, and toll collection.

Technical specifications

  • Name: Metro Manila Skyway
  • Concession Holder: Citra Metro Manila Tollways Corporation
  • Operator: Skyway Operations and Maintenance Corporation (SOMCo.)
  • Length: approximately 41 kilometres (25 miles) (including Stage 3 and Extension Project)
  • Concession starting date: August 24, 1995
  • Concession ending date: 2010
  • Highway exits: 21 (13 operational + 1 temporary, 7 under construction)
  • Lanes: 7 lanes from Sgt. Rivera to Sucat; 5 lanes (2 southbound lanes and 3 northbound lanes) of Extension Project; 4 lanes (2 in each direction) from Sgt. Rivera to NLEX-Balintawak and from Sucat to Hillsborough; 3 lanes (2 lanes southbound, 1 lane northbound) from Hillsborough to Alabang-Zapote[12]
  • Exit ramps: 3
  • Toll plazas: 5 (3 operational, 2 under construction or proposed)
  • Height: 11 metres or 36 feet (Bicutan to Sucat, Buendia to Don Bosco, Amorsolo, and Hillsborough to Alabang), 43 metres or 141 feet (Runway Toll Plaza to Bicutan and Don Bosco to NAIA), normal (Runway Toll Plaza), 19 metres or 62 feet (Bicutan Exit and Sucat Exit)

Future

Metro Pacific Tollways proposal: NLEX Connector Road

Meanwhile, a year before the CMMTC proposal was unveiled, NLEX concessionaire Metro Pacific Tollways through its subsidiary, the NLEX Corporation (then the Manila North Tollways Corporation or MNTC) submitted its proposal dubbed "Segment 11" of its NLEX Phase 2 project. The NLEX Connector Road (formerly NLEX-SLEX Connector Road) would involve the construction of a 13.24-kilometre (8.23 mi) elevated expressway from Buendia (Skyway Stage 1) to the C-3 Road, which would connect to Segment 10 above existing Philippine National Railways (PNR) right-of-way.

In recommending approval for both proposals, DPWH Secretary Rogelio Singson said they could co-exist as the projects service two different corridors of the metro.[25]

Skyway Extension Project

The project was first proposed by San Miguel Corporation in November 2017.[26] San Miguel Corporation envisions its project expanding the two-lane section from Alabang toll plaza to Alabang–Zapote Road to six (three lanes each way), and building a 6-kilometer (3.7 mi) extension from South Station, Alabang to the Susana Heights Exit of South Luzon Expressway in Muntinlupa. The Skyway Expansion Project is the first phase of the firm's three-year expansion project of all toll roads in southern Metro Manila to decrease traffic congestion on the area's major thoroughfares.

Construction of the extension project began in August 2019.[27] It is expected to be completed by February 2021 at a cost of 10 billion.

On November 21, 2020, the original expected completion date of December 2020 was delayed for 2 months due to an accident along East Service Road in Barangay Cupang, Muntinlupa City. A crane operated by one of the contractors, EEI Corporation, tilted and hit a steel girder causing it to collapse and fell to passing vehicles. There were 4 reported injuries and 1 fatality on the said accident.[28]

Tolls

Looking south towards Alabang toll plaza in Muntinlupa.

The expressway employs a combination of open road, closed road, and barrier toll systems. Northbound toll collection is done at toll barriers upon entry; exits especially on Skyway Stage 1 and 2 have no toll collection at all.[29] Northbound vehicles entering Skyway upon exit from South Luzon Expressway (SLEx) in Muntinlupa are paid a toll fee based on their entry point at the latter. Southbound toll collection, meanwhile, is done at the toll barriers upon exit; for those exiting to NAIAx and SLEx, including towards Muntinlupa–Cavite Expressway (MCX), toll collection is done on its toll barriers instead. No tickets are issued on entry points on Skyway. Stage 3 is currently toll-free until further notice.[21][30]

Skyway employs the RFID-based Autosweep electronic toll collection (ETC) system used on the expressways under San Miguel Tollways. Previously, the transponder-based E-Pass was used. ETC collection lanes are usually on the leftmost lane of a toll plaza, but may occur on mixed lanes, where cash payments can be done alongside ETC. More ETC collection lanes were added on toll barriers as Philippine tollways shift towards full cashless toll collection.[31]

As of August 2020, the toll rates are as follows:[32]

Class Amount
to & from Alabang/SLEx to & from Sucat to & from Bicutan
Class 1
(Cars, Motorcycles, SUVs)
164.00 ₱118.00 ₱72.00
Class 2
(Buses, Light Trucks)
₱329.00 ₱237.00 ₱145.00
Class 3
(Heavy Trucks)
₱493.00 ₱356.00 ₱218.00

Exits

Exits and intersections are numbered by kilometer post, with Rizal Park in Manila designated as Kilometer 0. 

.

ProvinceCity/MunicipalitykmmiExitNameDestinationsNotes
Caloocan[lower-alpha 2]NLEx[33] (Balintawak) E1 / AH26 (NLEx) Tarlac, BaguioNorthbound exit and southbound entrance. Current northern terminus of Skyway system.
Quezon CityA. Bonifacio[34] N160 (A. Bonifacio Avenue) BalintawakFuture southbound entrance and northbound exit
Sgt. Rivera N130 (5th Avenue) / N160 (A. Bonifacio Avenue) Caloocan, Port of Manila, BalintawakFuture northbound exit to N130 (5th Avenue) / N160 (A. Bonifacio Avenue) and future southbound exit and entrance to/from N130 (5th Avenue)
Del Monte Toll Plaza
Quezon Avenue N130 (G. Araneta Avenue) / N170 (Quezon Avenue)
E. Rodriguez N130 (G. Araneta Avenue) Santa Mesa, San Juan, New ManilaFuture southbound exit south of E. Rodriguez Sr. Avenue. Access to N180 (Aurora Boulevard & Magsaysay Boulevard).
Aurora Boulevard N130 (G. Araneta Avenue) / N180 (Aurora Boulevard & Magsaysay Boulevard)Future northbound entrance[35]
G. Araneta AvenueFuture northbound entrance near N. Domingo Street in San Juan
ManilaTomas Claudio[36]Link with the future NLEX Connector project
Nagtahan N140 (Quirino Avenue) Mabini Bridge, Nagtahan, PandacanFuture northbound entrance, northbound exit, and southbound exit
Plaza Dilao N140 (Quirino Avenue) / N156 (Quirino Avenue Extension / Plaza Dilao Road) Plaza Dilao, PacoSouthbound entrance and future southbound exit
Quirino N145 (Osmeña Highway) / N140 (Quirino Avenue)Northbound exit and future northbound entrance
Gil Puyat Toll Plaza B (southbound only)[34]
Gil Puyat Toll Plaza A (southbound only)[34]
Makati
6

3.7
Buendia N145 (Osmeña Highway) / N190 (Buendia Avenue)
6.64.1AmorsoloAmorsolo StreetNorthbound exit and southbound entrance. Access to Legazpi Village, Makati CBD. Entrance ramp is accessible via Arnaiz Avenue.
74.3Don Bosco N145 (Osmeña Highway) / Don Bosco StreetNorthbound exit. Access to Don Bosco Technical Institute and Chino Roces Avenue (Pasong Tamo).
PasayTaguig boundary9.45.8Magallanes E2 / AH26 (SLEx) MagallanesNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
Taguig9.7–
9.9
6.0–
6.2
NAIA E6 (NAIAx) NAIA Terminals 1, 2, 3Sales Interchange
116.8Runway Toll Plaza A (northbound only, pass-thru for northbound light vehicles) (1997–2011, 2018–2020, demolished)[29][37][38]
11.16.9Runway Toll Plaza B (northbound only, pass-thru and RFID installation and reloading station) (1997–2011, demolished; 2018–present)[37][29]
127.5 E2 (SEMME) TITX, Arca South, Rizal, BatasanDirectional T interchange
Parañaque13.78.5BicutanDoña Soledad Avenue – BicutanSouthbound exit and northbound entrance
14.69.1SLExTemporary southbound exit and northbound entry ramps near SLEx-Bicutan Exit prior to the opening of Stage 2
ParañaqueMuntinlupa boundary17.510.9Sucat N63 (Dr. A. Santos Avenue) SucatSouthbound exit and northbound entrance
Muntinlupa19.011.8Alabang Toll Plaza A (pass-thru for southbound vehicles and northbound heavy vehicles)
19.111.9Alabang Toll Plaza B (northbound only, pass-thru for northbound heavy vehicles)
19.512.1Hillsborough E2 / AH26 (SLEx) CalambaSouthbound exit and former northbound entrance.
21.113.1South Station Toll Plaza (2011–2020, demolished)[38]
22.3313.88 E2 / AH26 (SLEx) CalambaSouthbound exit and northbound entrance, exclusively for Class 1 vehicles.[39][40] Temporary 2-lane steel ramp built along the Alabang Viaduct.[41]
22.614.0South Station (Alabang-Zapote) N411 (Alabang-Zapote Road) – South Station, Las PiñasSouthbound exit and northbound entrance. Current south end of expressway.
E2 / AH26 (SLEx)Skyway-Alabang Viaduct Connecting Ramp. Future northbound entrance to be built on the shoulder of Alabang Viaduct[7]
Toll Plaza (northbound only)[7]
Susana Heights E2 / AH26 (SLEx) Calamba, MCXFuture southern terminus. Future southbound exit and northbound entrance.[7][40]
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
  •       Closed/former
  •       Incomplete access
  •       Tolled
  •       Unopened

The entire route is located in Manila. Referred to as Section 2A[2] or as part of Section 1A - 2 (Plaza Berde – PUP campus) of Skyway Stage 3,[42] this 1.2-kilometer (0.75 mi) segment of Skyway will link the main line of Skyway Stage 3 near Tomas Claudio Street and the NLEX Connector project near the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) campus in Santa Mesa.[43] Section 2A may also refer to the Nagtahan – Tomas Claudio segment of Stage 3 on the main line. 

kmmiExitNameDestinationsNotes
Tomas Claudio[36]SkywayConnection to the main line of Skyway
NLEX ConnectorContinues as NLEX Connector via Santa Mesa Exit
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
  •       Unopened

See also

Notes

  1. The extent of E2/AH26 in Skyway is unknown since the DPWH's GIS apps does not show any route designation for the tollway. Despite this, some E2/AH26 markers were seen between Buendia and Alabang until they were dismantled together with the center barriers in 2020.
  2. San Miguel Corporation and various news outlets consider the northern terminus of Skyway at Balintawak as part of Quezon City even after the addition of Section 5. However, various maps show that it is located in Caloocan.

References

  1. "Infrastructure - San Miguel Corporation". San Miguel Corporation. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  2. "METRO MANILA SKYWAY STAGE 3 (MMSS-3) – Department of Public Works and Highways". Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  3. Altoveros, Jose (February 11, 2020). "Metro Manila Skyway will be a no-bus zone". AutoIndustriya.com. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  4. "Northbound section of Skyway Extension done by Dec". PortCalls. August 25, 2020.
  5. Hilario, E. (August 22, 2016). "This road project will help solve Metro traffic". Business Mirror. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
  6. Rey, Aika (December 28, 2020). "Skyway Stage 3 opens on December 29". Rappler. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  7. "WATCH: What will finished Skyway extension look like?". ABS-CBN News. Manila. October 13, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  8. "Skyway Stage 2 Start Construction". The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
  9. "NAIA Expressway, Skyway 3, Line 2 to be delayed; traffic to worsen–MMDA". Philippine Daily Inquirer. September 14, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  10. "METRO MANILA SKYWAY STAGE 3 (MMSS-3) As of March 25, 2015". March 25, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
  11. "New Metro expressway eyed". Philippine Daily Inquirer. August 7, 2017.
  12. "Metro Manila Skyway (MMS) Stage 3 | PPP CenterPPP Center".
  13. Macaitan, Evelyn (July 21, 2018). "Skyway Stage 3 ramp opens in Makati City". The Philippine Star. Manila. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  14. Santos, Tina G. "Buendia-Plaza Dilao part of Skyway opens". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  15. "ICYMI: Skyway Stage 3 to open by July, CALAX toll fees, BGC-Ortigas bridge update". TopGear.com.ph. February 9, 2020. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  16. Casas, Willie (February 2, 2020). "Pandacan fire to set back Skyway project". Manila Standard. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  17. "SMC: Skyway Stage 3 to open in November". CNN Philippines. July 16, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  18. "San Miguel completes Skyway Stage 3". Rappler. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
  19. "San Miguel completes 17.9-km Skyway Stage 3 project". Manila Standard. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
  20. "San Miguel completes Skyway Stage 3 project". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
  21. "Skyway Stage 3 to officially open on January 15". CNN Philippines. January 13, 2021.
  22. "Skyway Stage 3 opens to motorists". ABS-CBN News. January 15, 2021.
  23. Grecia, Leandre (December 29, 2020). "Here are all the entry and exit points of the partially opened Skyway Stage 3". TopGear Philippines. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  24. Laurel, Drei. "Skyway Stage 3 partially opens tomorrow and will be free to motorists for 1 month". Top Gear Philippines. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  25. "Skyway Stage 3/ NLEx-SLEx Connector Road Projects being finalized". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 5, 2015.
  26. "SMC eyes expansion of SLEx, Skyway, NAIAx". BusinessWorld. November 2, 2017.
  27. "Skyway Extension commences". Tribune.net. August 6, 2019.
  28. Hallare, Katrina (November 21, 2020). "1 dead, 4 injured as Skyway steel girder collapses, falls on vehicles in Muntinlupa". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  29. Pateña, Aerol John (January 31, 2018). "Skyway returns to old toll payment scheme". Philippine News Agency.
  30. Altoveros, Jose (January 29, 2021). "Skyway Stage 3 to remain free until TRB approves toll fees". Primer. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
  31. "SMC tollways to go 100% cashless by Jan. 11". Philippine News Agency. January 5, 2021.
  32. "Skyway-SLEX-MCX". Toll Regulatory Board. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  33. OpenStreetMap contributors (October 9, 2020). "Node: NLEx (7290149727)" (Map). OpenStreetMap. OpenStreetMap. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  34. Metro Manila Skyway Stage 3 update as of October 2020. YouTube. October 4, 2020.
  35. Metro Manila Skyway Stage 3 update as of March 2020. March 7, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  36. OpenStreetMap contributors (January 8, 2021). "Node: Tomas Claudio (6326862259)" (Map). OpenStreetMap. OpenStreetMap. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  37. Pateña, Aerol John (January 15, 2018). "Skyway to open new runway toll plaza".
  38. "The other runway toll plaza is being removed to make way for the additional lane on skyway stage 1. While the alabang zapote / formerly south station toll plaza structure was completely removed. #tgif". Facebook. May 29, 2020.
  39. "Ramp, reopened lane ease SLEx traffic". Philippine Daily Inquirer. December 2, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  40. Skyway Extension Project update as of June 2020. GMA News. June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  41. "Temporary ramp at Alabang Viaduct going up Skyway now open". GMA News. December 1, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  42. "SMMSP | TRB". Toll Regulatory Board. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  43. "Work on Skyway 3-NLEX connector project link begins". Philippine News Agency. January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.