List of state leaders in the 14th century

Africa

Africa: Central

Angola

Cameroon

Chad

  • Ibrahim I, Mai (1290–1310)
  • Abdallah II, Mai (1310–1328)
  • Salmama II, Mai (1328–1332)
  • Kuri I, Mai (1332–1333)
  • Kuri II, Mai (1334–1335)
  • Muhammad I, Mai (1334–1335)
  • Idris I, Mai (1335–1359)
  • Dawud, Mai (1359–1369)
  • Othman I, Mai (1369–1373)
  • Othman II, Mai (1373–1375)
  • Abu Bakr Liyatu, Mai (1375–1376)
  • Omar I, Mai (1376–1381)
To the Bornu Empire in West Africa

Africa: East

Great Lakes area

Uganda

Horn of Africa area

Ethiopia
  • Minjo, King (c.1390)
Somalia
  • Garaad Dhidhin, King (1298–1311)
  • Garaad Hamar Gale, King (1311–1328)
  • Garaad Ibrahim, King (1328–1340)
  • Garaad Omer, King (1340–1355)
  • Garaad Mohamud I, King (1355–1375)
  • Garaad Ciise I, King (1375–1392)
  • Garaad Siciid, King (1392–1409)

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Bahri dynasty
Burji dynasty

Sudan

  • Ayay, King (c.1304/5)
  • Kernabes, King (1311–1316)
  • Barschanbu, King (1316–1317)
  • Kanz ed-Dawla, King (c.1317)
  • Kernabes, King (1323–1324)
  • Banu Kanz, King (c.1324)
  • al-Amir Abi Abdallah Kanz el-Dawla, King (1333)

Africa: Northcentral

Ifriqiya

  • Muhammad I, Khalif (1295–1309)
  • Abu Bakr I, Khalif (1309)
  • Aba al-Baqa Khalid an-Nasir, Khalif (1309–1311)
  • Aba Yahya Zakariya al-Lihyani, Khalif (1311–1317)
  • Muhammad II, Khalif (1317–1318)
  • Abu Bakr II, Khalif (1318–1346)
  • Abu Hafs Umar II, Khalif (1346–1349)
  • Ahmad I, Khalif (1349)
  • Ishaq II, Khalif (1350–1369)
  • Abu al-Baqa Khalid, Khalif (1369–1371)
  • Ahmad II, Khalif (1371–1394)
  • Abd al-Aziz II, Khalif (1394–1434)

Africa: Northwest

Morocco

Africa: South

Angola

as BaKongo tributary
  • a-Nzinga, Ngola (c.1358)

Africa: West

Benin

  • Udagbedo, Oba (1292–1329)[3]
  • Ohen, Oba (1329–1366)
  • Egbeka, Oba (1366–1397)
  • Orobiru, Oba (1397–1434)

Burkina Faso

  • Untani, Nunbado (1292–1336)
  • Banydoba, Nunbado (1336–1380)
  • Labi Diebo, Nunbado (1380–1395)
  • Tenin, Nunbado (1395–1425)

Mali

Nigeria

From the Kanem Empire in Central Africa
  • Said, Mai (1381–1382)[4]
  • Kaday II, Mai (1382–1383)
  • Bir III, Mai (1383–1415)
  • Oranyan, Alaafin (c.1300–?)
  • Ajaka, Alaafin (14th century)
  • Shango, Alaafin (14th century)
  • Ajaka, Alaafin (14th century)
  • Aganju, Alaafin (?–c.1400)

Senegal

Americas

Americas: North

Mexico

  • Macuilxochitl, Tlatoani (1365)[5]
  • Tezcacohuatzin / Ozomatzinteuctli, Tlatoani (1365)[5]
  • Tariácuri, Cazonci (c.1300–c.1350)
  • Hiquingaje, Cazonci (c.1350–?)
under the Tepanec suzerainty
  • Tetzotzomoc, Tlatoani (1367–1426)[8]
  • Zaachila Yoo, King (1386–1415)

Americas: South

Colombia

Peru

Asia

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur
  • Unaširi, Khan (1380–1393)
  • Engke Temür, Khan (1393–1405)

Mongolia

  • Temür, Khan / Emperor (1294–1307)

Russia

  • Toqta, Khan (1291—1312)
  • Uzbeg Khan, Khan (1312–1341)
  • Tini Beg, Khan (1341–1342)
  • Jani Beg, Khan (1342—1357)
  • Berdi Beg, Khan (1357—1361)
  • Qulpa, Khan (1359–1360)
  • Nawruz Beg, Khan (1360–1361)
  • Khidr, Khan (1361–1362)
  • Timur Khwaja, Khan (1362)
  • Abdallah, Khan (1362–1370)
  • Murad, Khan (1362–1367)
  • Aziz, Khan (1367–1369)
  • Jani Beg II, Khan (1369–1370)
  • Muhammad Bolak, Khan (1370–1379)
  • Tulun Beg Khanum, Regent (1370–1373)
  • Aig Beg, Khan (1373–1376)
  • Arab Shaykh, Khan (1376–1379)
  • Kagan Beg, Khan (1375–1376)
  • Ilbani, Khan (1373–1376)
  • Hajji Cherkes, Khan (1375–1376)
  • Urus Khan, Khan (1376–1378)
  • Freky Aziz Reffelruz, Khan (1378–1380)
  • Tokhtamysh, Khan (1380–1395)
  • Temür Qutlugh, Khan (1396–1401)
  • Shadi Beg, Khan (1399–1407)

Siberia

  • Khoja bin Taibugha, Khan (?)
  • Tokhtamysh, Khan (1396–1406)

Tibet

  • rNam rgyal lde, King (1396?–1424)

Asia: East

China: Yuan dynasty

China: Ming dynasty

  • Hongwu, Prince (1364–1368), Emperor (1368–1398)
  • Jianwen, Emperor (1398–1402)

Japan: Main

Japan: Ryukyu Kingdoms

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty
  • Satto, Chief (1355–1397)
  • Bunei, Chief (1398–1406)
Tributary state of the Ming dynasty
  • Ofusato, Chief (1337–1396)
  • Oueishi, Chief (1388–1402)
Tributary state of the Ming dynasty
  • Haniji, Chief (1322–1395)
  • Min, Chief (1396–1400)

Korea

Mongolia

  • Mönkhtömör, leader (c. 1368–1390s)
  • Örüg Temür Khan, leader (c. 1399)
  • Batula, leader (1399–1408)

Asia: Southeast

Brunei

Cambodia

Indonesia

Indonesia: Java
  • Rakeyan Saunggalah, Maharaja (1297–1303)
  • Prabu Citraganda, Maharaja (1303–1311)
  • Prabu Lingga Dewata, Maharaja (1311–1333)
  • Prabu Ajigunawisesa, Maharaja (1333–1340)
  • Prabu Maharaja Lingga Buana, Maharaja (1340–1357)
  • Mangkubumi Suradipati, Maharaja (1357–1371)
  • Prabu Raja Wastu, Maharaja (1371–1475)
Indonesia: Sumatra
  • Al-Malik azh-Zhahir I, Sultan (1297–1326)
  • Ahmad I, Sultan (1326–1330s)
  • Al-Malik azh-Zhahir II, Sultan (1330s–1349)
  • Zainal Abidin I, Sultan (1349–1406)
Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)
  • Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti, Sultan (c.1300–1325)
  • Raden Sekarsungsang, ruler (c.1400–15th century)
Indonesia: Sulawesi
  • Tumanurung Baine, Queen (mid 14th century)
  • Tumassalangga Baraya, King (late 14th century)
  • I Puang Lowe Lembang, King (14th/15th century)
  • ManurungngE Rimatajang, King (1330-?)
  • Anakaji, Datu (1293–1330)
  • Tampa Balusu, Datu (1330–1365)
  • Tanra Balusu, Datu (1365–1402)
Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands
Jaya dynasty
  • Mahaguru Dharmottungga Warmadewa, King (before 1324–1328)
  • Walajayakertaningrat, King (1328-?)
  • Śri Astasura Ratna Bumi Banten, King (fl.1332–1337)
Samprangan
Indonesia: Maluku Islands
  • Sele, King (1334–1372)[19]
  • Matagena, King (1372–1405)
  • Bakuku/ Kalabata, King (1298–1304)
  • Ngara Malamo/ Komala, King (1304–1317)
  • Patsaranga Malamo/ Aitsi, King (1317–1322)
  • Cili Aiya/ Sidang Arif Malamo, King (1322–1331)
  • Panji Malamo/ A'ali, King (1331–1332)
  • Shah Alam, King (1332–1343)
  • Tulu Malamo/ Fulu, King (1343–1347)
  • Kie Mabiji/ Buhayati I, King (1347–1350)
  • Ngolo-ma-Kaya/ Muhammad Shah, King (1350–1357)
  • Mamoli/ Momole, King (1357–1359)
  • Gapi Malamo I/ Muhammad Bakar, King (1359–1372)
  • Gapi Baguna I, King (1372–1377)
  • Komala Pulu/ Bessi Muhammad Hassan, King (1377–1432)

Laos

Malaysia: Peninsular

  • Tajau, Maharaja (c.1378)
  • Sang Tawal, Raja (1267–1339)
  • Mahmud ibnu 'Abdu'llah, Sultan (1339–1362)
  • Baki Shah, Sultan (1362–1418)
  • Parameswara, Raja of Singapura (1389–1398), Sultan of Malacca (1400–1414)

Myanmar / Burma

  • Athinkhaya, Co-Regent (1297–1310)
  • Yazathingyan, Co-Regent (1297–1313)
  • Thihathu, Co-Regent of Myinsaing (1297–1313), King of Myinsaing–Pinya (1313–1325)
  • Thihathu, Co-Regent of Myinsaing (1297–1313), King of Myinsaing–Pinya (1313–1325)
  • Uzana I, King (1325–1340)
  • Sithu, Regent (1340–1344)
  • Kyawswa I, King (1344–1350)
  • Kyawswa II, King (1350–1359)
  • Narathu, King (1359–1364)
  • Uzana II, King (1364)
  • Thado Minbya, King of Pinya & Sagaing (1364–1365), King of Ava (1365–1367)

Philippines

  • Paiburong, Datu (13th/14th century)
  • Balengkaka, Datu (14th century)
  • Kalantiaw, Datu (1365–1437)
  • Alho, Rajah (c.14th century)
  • Ukob, Rajah (c.14th century)

Singapore

Thailand

  • Mangrai, King of Ngoenyang (1261–1292), King of Lan Na (1292–1311)
  • Chaiyasongkhram, King (1311–1325)
  • Saenphu, King (1325–1334)
  • Khamfu, King (1334–1336)
  • Phayu, King (1336–1355)
  • Kue Na, King (1355–1385)[20]
  • Saenmueangma, King (1385–1401)
Uthong dynasty
Suphannaphum dynasty
Uthong dynasty

Vietnam

  • Chế Mân, King (1288–1307)
  • Chế Chi, King (1307–1312)
  • Chế Nang, Vassal King (to the Trần dynasty, 1312–1318)
  • Chế Anan, King (1318–1342)
  • Tra Hoa Bo Dê, King (1342–1360)
  • Po Binasuor, King (1360–1390)
  • Ko Cheng, King (1390–1400)
  • Jaya Simhavarman V, King (1400–1441)

Asia: South

Bengal and Northwest India

  • Vikramadhwajpal, King (1278–1302)
  • Gauradhwajpal, King (1302–1322)
  • Sankhadhwajpal, King (1322–1343)
  • Mayuradhwajpal, King (1343–1361)
  • Jayadhwajpal, King (1361–1383)
  • Karmadhwajpal, King (1383–1401)

India

  • Anand Deo, Rana (1437–1440)
  • Pratap Deo, Rana (1440–?)
  • Chanchal Deo, Rana (?)
  • Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah, Sultan (1347–1358)
  • Muhammad Shah I, Sultan (1358–1375)
  • Ala ud din Mujahid Shah, Sultan (1375–1378)
  • Daud Shah I, Sultan (1378)
  • Muhammad Shah II, Sultan (1378–1397)
  • Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah, Sultan (1397)
  • Shams ud din Daud Shah II, Sultan (1397)
  • Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah, Sultan (1397–1422)
  • Ravi Varma, King (1299–1313)
  • Vira Udaya Martanda Varma, King (1313–1333)
  • Aditya Varma Tiruvadi, King (1333–1335)
  • Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi, King (1335–1342)
  • Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi, King (1342–1363)
  • Vira Martanda Varma III, King (1363–1366)
  • Vira Rama Martanda Varma, King (1366–1382)
  • Vira Ravi Varma, King (1383–1416)
  • Narasimha Deva II, King (1279–1306)[22]
  • Bhanu Deva II, King (1306–1328)
  • Narasimha Deva III, King (1328–1352)
  • Bhanu Deva III, King (1352–1378)
  • Narasimha Deva IV, King (1379–1424)[22]
  • Malik Sarwar, Sultan (1394–1399)
  • Malik Qaranfal, Sultan (1399–1402)
  • Jaydeorao Mukne, Raja (?–1400)
  • Nemshah I, Raja (1400–1422)
  • Prataparudra-deva, King (c.1289–1323)
  • Ahsan Khan, Sultan (1335–1339)
  • Udauji, Sultan (1339)
  • Feroze Khan, Sultan (1339–1340)
  • Muhammad Damghani, Sultan (1340–1344)
  • Mahmud Damghani, Sultan (1344–1345)
  • Adil Khan, Sultan (1356–1358)
  • Mubarak Khan, Sultan (1358–1368)
  • Sikandar Khan, Sultan (1368–1378)
  • Arjunsinhji, Maharana (c.1340–?)
  • Bhansinhji, Maharana (14th–15th century)
  • Prolaya Vema Reddi, King (1325–1353)[23]
  • Anavota Reddi, King (1353–1364)[23]
  • Anavema Reddi, King (1364–1386)[23]
  • Kumaragiri Reddi, King (1386–1402)[23]
  • Kataya Vema Reddi, King (1395–1414)

Maldives

Theemuge dynasty
Hilaalee dynasty

Nepal

  • Ri'u sMal (Ripumalla), King (fl.1312–1314)
  • San gha sMal (Sangramamalla), King (early 14th century)
  • Ajitamalla, King (1321–1328)
  • Kalyanamalla, King (14th century)
  • Pratapamalla, King (14th century)
  • Pu ni sMal (Punyamalla), King (fl.1336–1339)
  • sPri ti sMal (Prthivimalla), King (fl.1354–1358)
  • Ananta Malla, Raja (c.1274–1310)
  • Jayananada Deva, Raja (c.1310–1320)
  • Jayari Malla, Raja (c.1320–1344)
  • Jayarudra Malla, Raja (c.1320–1326)
  • Jayaraja Deva, Raja (c.1347–1361)
  • Jayarjuna Malla, Raja (c.1361–1382)
  • Jayasthiti Malla, Raja (c.1382–1395)
  • Jayajyotir Malla, Raja (c.1395–1428)
  • Jayakiti Malla, Raja (c.1395–1403)
  • Jayadharma Malla, Raja (c.1395–1408)

Pakistan

  • Unar, Jam (1336–1339)
  • Junan, Jam (1339–1352)
  • Banhabina, Jam (1352–1367)
  • Tamachi, Jam (1367–1379)
  • Salahuddin, Jam (1379–1389)
  • Nizamuddin I, Jam (1389–1391)
  • Ali Sher, Jam (1391–1398)
  • Karn, Jam (1398)
  • Fath Khan, Jam (1398–1414)

Sri Lanka

Asia: West

Turkey

Yemen

  • Badr as-Sahab ibn al-Habrali Bu Tuwairik, Sultan (1395–1430)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Achaea

Archipelago

Bulgaria

Byzantium

Morea

Serbia

Rhodes

Europe: British Isles

Scotland

England and Ireland

Ireland

  • Brian mac Eochada, King (1283–1311)
  • Ralph/Roolb mac Eochada, King (1311–1314)
  • Mael Sechlainn mac Eochada, King (1314–?)
  • Murchad Mór mac Briain, King (?–1331)
  • Seoan mac Maoilsheachlainn, King (1331–1342)
  • Aodh mac Roolb, King (1342–1344)
  • Murchadh Óg mac Murchada, King (1344–1344)
  • Maghnus mac Eochadha, King (1344–1357)
  • Pilib mac Rooilbh, King (1357–1362)
  • Brian Mór mac Aodh, King (1362–1365)
  • Niall mac Murchadha, King (1365–1368)
  • Brian Mór mac Aodh, King (1368–1371)
  • Pilib Ruadh mac Briain, King (1371–1403)
  • Gilla-Isa Ruaid O'Raigillig, ruler (1327/30)
  • Matha son of Gilla-Isa O'Raigillig, ruler (1304)
  • Mael Sechlainn O'Raigillig, ruler (1328)
  • Richard [Risderd] O'Reilly, ruler (1349–1346/49)
  • Cu Chonnacht O'Reilly, ruler (1362/65)
  • Philip O'Reilly, ruler (1365–1366/69)
  • Magnus O'Reilly, ruler (1366/69–1366/69)
  • Philip O'Reilly, ruler (1366/69–1384)
  • Thomas, King (1384–1390)
  • John, ruler (1390–1400)
  • Gilla-Isa, ruler (1400)
  • Amlaib Ó Ruairc, King (c.1275–1307)
  • Domnall Carrach Ó Ruairc, King (1307–1311)
  • Ualgarg Mór Ó Ruairc, King (1316–1346)
  • Flaithbheartach Ó Ruairc, King (1346–1349)
  • Aodh Bán Ó Ruairc, King (1349–1352)
  • Flaithbheartach Ó Ruairc, King (1352–1352)
  • Tadgh na gcoar O'Rourke, King (1352–1376)
  • Gilla Crist Ó Ruairc, Lord (?–1378)
  • Tigernán mór Ó Ruairc, King (1376–1418)
  • Muiris mac Muirchertach mac Murchada Caomhánach, King (1282–1314)
  • Art mac Murchada Caomhánach, King (1314–1323)
  • Domhnall mac Art mac Murchada Caomhánach, King (1323–1338)
  • Domhnall mac Domhnall mac Murchada Caomhánach, King (1338–1347)
  • Muirchertach mac Muiris mac Murchada Caomhánach, King (1347–1354)
  • Art Mór mac Murchada Caomhánach, King (1354–1362)
  • Diarmait mac Murchada Caomhánach, King (1362–1369)
  • Donnchadh mac Muirchertach mac Murchada Caomhánach, King (1369–1375)
  • Art Mór mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1369–1375)
  • Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1375–1417)
  • Maelruanaidh mac Diarmata, King (1294–1331)
  • Tomaltach gCear mac Diarmata, King (1331–1336)
  • Conchobhair mac Diarmata, King (1336–1343)
  • Ferghal mac Diarmata, King (1343–1368)
  • Aedh mac Diarmata, King (1368–1393)
  • Maelruanaidh mac Diarmata, King (1393–1398)
  • Conchobair Óg mac Diarmata, King (1398–1404)

Europe: Central

See also List of state leaders in the 14th-century Holy Roman Empire

Hungary

Poland

  • Bolesław II, Duke of Płock (1275–1294), Duke of Masovia (1294–1313)
  • Siemowit III, co-Duke of Warsaw (1341–1349), of Rawa (1345–1349), Duke of Warsaw (1349–1355), of Masovia (1355–1381)
  • Trojden I, Duke of Czersk (1310–1313), Duke of Warsaw (1313–1341)
  • Casimir I, co-Duke of Warsaw (1341–1349), co-Duke of Rawa (1345–1349), Duke of Rawa (1349–1355)
  • Siemowit III, co-Duke of Warsaw (1341–1349), of Rawa (1345–1349), Duke of Warsaw (1349–1355), of Masovia (1355–1381)
  • Janusz I the Elder, Duke (1381–1429)
  • Siemowit II, Duke of Rawa (1313–1345)
  • Casimir I, co-Duke of Warsaw (1341–1349), co-Duke of Rawa (1345–1349), Duke of Rawa (1349–1355)
  • Siemowit III, co-Duke of Warsaw (1341–1349), co-Duke of Rawa (1345–1349), Duke of Warsaw (1349–1355), Duke of Masovia (1355–1381)
  • Siemowit IV the Younger, Duke of Płock and Rawa (1381–1426)

Europe: East

Europe: Nordic

Denmark

Personal union of Denmark and Norway

Norway

Personal union of Denmark and Norway

Sweden

Kalmar Union

  • Margaret I, Queen Regent of Denmark (1387–1412), of Norway (1388–1412), of Sweden (1389–1412)
  • Eric of Pomerania, King (1389–1442)

Europe: Southcentral

See also List of state leaders in the 14th-century Holy Roman Empire#Italy
  • Azzo VIII, Marquis of Reggio (1293–1306), of Ferrara (1293–1308)
  • Aldobrandino II, Marquis of Modena (1293–1308), of Ferrara (1308–1326)
  • Fresco, Marquis of Ferrara (1308)
  • Rinaldo, Marquis of Ferrara (1317–1335)
  • Niccolò I, Marquis of Ferrara (1317–1344), of Modena (1336–1344)
  • Obizzo III, Marquis of Ferrara (1317–1352), of Modena (1336–1352)
  • Azzo IX, Marquis of Ferrara (1317–1318)
  • Bertoldo I, Marquis of Ferrara (1317–1343)
  • Aldobrandino III, Marquis of Ferrara (1352–1361)
  • Niccolò II the Lame, Marquis of Modena (1352–1388), of Ferrara (1361–1388)
  • Alberto V, Marquis of Ferrara (1361–1393), of Modena (1388–1393)
  • Niccolò III, Marquis of Ferrara and Modena (1393–1441), of Reggio (1405–1441)
From 1309 to 1376 the Papacy was based at Avignon, not Rome.
  • Giovanni di Causetta Giannini, Captain Regent (1302)
  • Arimino Baracone, Simone da Sterpeto, Captains Regent (1303)
  • Venturuccio di Giannuccio, Captain Regent (1321)
  • Giovanni di Causetta Giannini, Ugolino Fornaro, Captains Regent (1323)
  • Ser Bonanni Notaio, Mule Acatolli di Piandavello, Captains Regent (1325)
  • Ugucciolo da Valdragone, Captain Regent (1331)
  • Venturuzzo di Franceschino, Muzolo da Bauti, Captains Regent (1336)
  • Bentivegna da Valle, Foschino di Novello, Captains Regent (1337–1338)
  • Denaro Madroni, Fosco Raffanelli, Captains Regent (1338–1339)
  • Ricevuto, Gioagnolo di Acaptolo, Captains Regent (1339)
  • Bentivegna, Zanutino, Captains Regent (1341)
  • Ricevuto di Ughetto, Foschino di Filipuccio, Captains Regent (1342–1343)
  • Franzolino di Chillo, Cecco di Chillo, Captains Regent (1343)
  • Foschino Calcigni, Captain Regent (1347)
  • Francesco Pistorj, Ciapetta di Novello, Captains Regent (1351)
  • Giovanni di Guiduccio, Nino di Simonino, Captains Regent (1353)
  • Gioagnolo di Acaptolo, Paolo di Ceccolo, Captains Regent (1356)
  • Giovanni di Guiduccio, Foschino Calcigni, Captains Regent (1357)
  • Giovanni di Bianco, Captain Regent (1357)
  • Giovanni di Guiduccio, Corbello di Vita, Captains Regent (1359–1360)
  • Ciapetta di Novello, Nino di Simonino, Captains Regent (1360)
  • Foschino Calcigni, Giovanni di Bianco, Captains Regent (1360)
  • Guidino di Giovanni, Giovanni di Guiduccio, Captains Regent (1362–1363)
  • Giovanni di Bianco, Nino di Simonino, Captains Regent (1363)
  • Guidino di Giovanni, Cecco di Chillo, Captains Regent (1364)
  • Foschino Calcigni, Corbello Giannini, Captains Regent (1364)
  • Gioagnolo di Acaptolo, Ugolino di Giovanni Vanioli, Captains Regent (1365–1366)
  • Nicolino di Ariminuccio, Vanne di Nomaiolo, Captains Regent (1366)
  • Bartolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Nino di Simonino, Captains Regent (1366–1367)
  • Guidino di Giovanni, Paolo di Ceccolo, Captains Regent (1367)
  • Gioagnolo di Ugolinuccio, Ghino Fabbro, Captains Regent (1367–1368)
  • Muciolino di Ciolo, Giovanni di Riguccio, Captains Regent (1368)
  • Orbello di Vita Giannini, Ugolino di Giovanni Vanioli, Captains Regent (1368–1369)
  • Mignone Bauto, Lunardino di Bernardo Fabbro, Captains Regent (1369)
  • Gioagnolo di Ugolinuccio, Giovanni di Riguccio, Captains Regent (1369–1370)
  • Ciappetta di Novello, Ugolino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1370)
  • Guidino di Giovanni, Paolo di Ceccolo, Captains Regent (1370–1371)
  • Nino di Simonino, Maxio di Tonso Alberghetti, Captains Regent (1371)
  • Mucciolino di Ciolo, Bartolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Captains Regent (1371–1372)
  • Corbello di Vita Giannini, Mignone Bauto, Captains Regent (1372)
  • Giovanni di Riguccio, Martino di Guerolo Pistorj, Captains Regent (1372–1373)
  • Ugolino di Giovanni, Lunardino di Bernardo, Captains Regent (1373)
  • Paolo di Ceccolo, Antonio di Mula, Captains Regent (1373–1374)
  • Andrea di Nanne, Guidino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1374)
  • Giovanni di Riguccio, Gozio di Mucciolino, Captains Regent (1374–1375)
  • Ugolino di Giovanni, Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Captains Regent (1375)
  • Lunardino di Bernardo, Simone di Belluzzo, Captains Regent (1378)
  • Gozio di Mucciolino, Ondedeo di Tonso, Captains Regent (1378–1379)
  • Paolo di Ceccolo, Bartolino di Antonio, Captains Regent (1380–1381)
  • Lunardino di Bernardo, Samperino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1381)
  • Maxio di Tonso, Niccolò di Giove, Captains Regent (1381–1382)
  • Ugolino di Giovanni, Giovanni di Andrea, Captains Regent (1382)
  • Giangio di Ceccolo, Bernardo di Guerolo, Captains Regent (1382–1383)
  • Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Guidino di Foschino, Captains Regent (1383)
  • Lunardino di Bernardo, Giannino di Cavalluccio, Captains Regent (1383–1384)
  • Samperino di Giovanni, Martino di Guerolo de' Pistorj, Captains Regent (1384)
  • Paolo di Ceccolo, Benetino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1384–1385)
  • Giovanni di Francesco, Gozio di Mucciolino, Captains Regent (1386)
  • Gozio di Mucciolino, Bartolino di Antonio, Captains Regent (1390–1391)
  • Giovanni di Francesco, Menguccio di Simonino, Captains Regent (1391)
  • Maxio di Tonso, Lunardino di Bernardo, Captains Regent (1391–1392)
  • Paolo di Ceccolo, Simone di Belluzzo, Captains Regent (1392)
  • Samperino di Giovanni, Giannino di Cavalluccio, Captains Regent (1392–1393)
  • Gozio di Mucciolino, Antonio Tegna, Captains Regent (1393)
  • Bartolino di Antonio, Nicolò di Giove, Captains Regent (1393–1394)
  • Lunardino di Bernardo, Martino di Guerolo de' Pistorj, Captains Regent (1394)
  • Ugolino di Giovanni, Cecco di Alessandro, Captains Regent (1394–1395)
  • Vita di Corbello, Giovanni di Andrea, Captains Regent (1395)
  • Simone di Belluzzo, Rigone di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1395–1396)
  • Samperino di Giovanni, Giovanni di Francesco, Captains Regent (1396)
  • Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Giovanni di Pasino, Captains Regent (1396–1397)
  • Bartolino di Antonio, Giacomino di Paolo, Captains Regent (1397)
  • Nicolò di Giove, Marino di Ghino Fabbro, Captains Regent (1397–1398)
  • Marino di Fosco, Giovanni di Andrea, Captains Regent (1398)
  • Gozio di Mucciolino, Rigone di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1398–1399)
  • Giovanni di Guidino, Simone di Belluzzo, Captains Regent (1399)
  • Martino di Guerolo de' Pistorj, Antonio di Tegna, Captains Regent (1399–1400)
  • Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Francesco di Corbello, Captains Regent (1400)
  • Ugolino di Giovanni, Betto di Guerolo, Captains Regent (1400–1401)

Southern Italy

Europe: Southwest

Iberian Peninsula: Christian

  • Peter, Count (1322–1381)
  • Alfonso I, Count (1365–1412)

Marca Hispanica

  • Guillem de Montcada, Episcopal Co-Prince (1295–1308)
  • Ramon Trebaylla, Episcopal Co-Prince (1308–1326)
  • Arnau de Llordat, Episcopal Co-Prince (1326–1341)
  • Pere de Narbona, Episcopal Co-Prince (1341–1348)
  • Niccoló Capocci, Episcopal Co-Prince (1348–1351)
  • Hug Desbac, Episcopal Co-Prince (1351–1361)
  • Guillem Arnau i Palau, Episcopal Co-Prince (1361–1364)
  • Pedro Martínez Luna, Episcopal Co-Prince (1364–1370)
  • Berenguer d'Erill i de Pallars, Episcopal Co-Prince (1370–1387)
  • Galcerand de Vilanova, Episcopal Co-Prince (1387–1415)
  • Bernard III of Cabrera, Count (1356–1364)

Europe: West

France

  • Robert II, Count (1277–1314)
  • Robert III, Count (1314–1325)
  • William II, Count (1325–1332)
  • Joanna I, Countess (1332–1360)
  • Philip II, Count (1338–1346)
  • Philip III, Count (1360–1361)
  • John II, Count (1361–1386)
  • John III, Count (1386–1404)
  • Béatrice de Bourgogne (1257–1310), Lady (1287–1310)

Low Countries

Eurasia: Caucasus

  • Badr I, Shamkhal (1295–1304)
  • Akhsuvar I, Shamkhal (14th century)

Oceania

Hawaii

References

  1. Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 65-77; id., Kingdoms, 552.
  2. C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
  3. "Oba Ewuare II Coronation Speech 2016". Retrieved 2017-07-09.
  4. Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 77-94; id., Kingdoms, 552.
  5. "Cuauhnahuac (Tlahuica / Aztecs) (Mesoamerica)". The History Files. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  6. "Acamapichtli, "Puñado de cañas" (1375–1395)" [Acamapichtli, "Fistful of Reeds" (1375–1395)]. Arqueologia Mexicana (in Spanish). Retrieved June 3, 2019.
  7. "Huitzilíhuitl, "Pluma de colibrí" (1396–1417)" [Huitzilíhuitl, “Hummingbird Feather” (1396–1417)]. Archeologia Mexicana (in Spanish). Retrieved June 3, 2019.
  8. "Tepanec (Mesoamerica)". The History Files. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  9. "Zapotecs (Mesoamerica)". The History Files. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  10. "Qosqo of the Incas". The History Files. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  11. L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
  12. Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. [Rome 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, Deb T'er Dmar Po Gsarma. Rome 1971; Per K. Sørensen & Guntram Hazod, Rulers on the Celestial Plain. Wien 2007; Olaf Czaja, Medieval rule in Tibet, Vol. I-II. Wien 2013.
  13. Nussbaum, "Hisaakira Shinnō" at p. 321.
  14. Nussbaum, "Morikuni Shinnō" at p. 660.
  15. Nussbaum, "Hōjō Sadatoki" at p. 340.
  16. Nussbaum, "Hōjō Morotoki" at p. 340.
  17. Nussbaum, "Hōjō Takatoki" at p. 340.
  18. Cœdès, George (1968). The Indianized states of Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824803681.
  19. Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c. 1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.
  20. History
  21. Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, ISBN 0-521-56321-6, p.274
  22. Somasekahara Sarma 1946, p. 47.
  23. Andrzej Nowakowski (1994). Arms and armour in the medieval Teutonic Order's state in Prussia. Volume 2 of Studies on the history of ancient and medieval art of warfare. Łódź: Oficyna Naukowa MS. ISBN 9788385874010. p. 33.Hans Koeppen (1969). Heinrich Dusemer (in German). Neue Deutsche Biographie, volume 8. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. ISBN 3428001893. p. 378.
  24. Secondotto, John III and Theodore, who were the sons of Elisabeth, daughter of James III of Majorca, and of John II of Montferrat, have been called dukes. Historiae et Urbium Regionum Italiae rariores, Volume 114, Cronica del Montferrato, Benvenuto Sangiorgio, Arnaldo Forni Editore 1780.
  25. "Battle of the Centuries". Science Reference Services. Library of Congress. 25 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
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