List of state leaders in the 15th century

Angola

• Kingdom of Kongo: Kilukeni (complete list) –

• Nanga, Manikongo (1410s)
• Nlaza, Manikongo (1430s)
• Nkuwu a Ntinu, Manikongo (1450s–1470)
• João I, Manikongo (1470–1509)

Cameroon

• Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) –

• Nchare Yen, Mfon (1394–1418)
• Ngoupou, Mfon (1418–1461)
• Monjou, Mfon (1461–1498)
• Mengap, Mfon (1498–1519)

São Tomé and Príncipe

• Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) –

Colony, 1470–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Great Lakes area

Rwanda

• Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) –

• Cyilima Rugwe, Mwami (?–c.1378)
• Kigeli I Mukobanya, Mwami (1378–1418)
• Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi, Mwami (15th century)
• Yuhi wa II Gahima II, Mwami (15th century)
• Ndahiro II Cyamatare, Mwami (1477–1510)

Uganda

• Buganda (complete list) –

• Kimera, Kabaka (c.1374–c.1404)
• Ttembo, Kabaka (c.1404–c.1434)
• Kiggala, Kabaka (c.1434–c.1464, c.1484–c.1494)
• Kiyimba, Kabaka (c.1464–c.1484)
• Kayima, Kabaka (c.1494–c.1524)

Horn of Africa area

Ethiopia

• Ethiopian Empire: Solomonic dynasty (complete list) –

• Dawit I, Emperor (1382–1413)
• Tewodros I, Emperor (1413–1414)
• Yeshaq I, Emperor (1414–1429)
• Andreyas, Emperor (1429–1430)
• Takla Maryam, Emperor (1430–1433)
• Sarwe Iyasus, Emperor (1433)
• Amda Iyasus, Emperor (1433–1434)
• Zara Yaqob, Emperor (1434–1468)
• Baeda Maryam I, Emperor (1468–1478)
• Eskender, Emperor (1478–1494)
• Amda Seyon II, Emperor (1494)
• Na'od, Emperor (1494–1508)

• Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)[1] –

• Shongetato (also known as the Girra king), King (1425–1460)
• Odhe/Addiotato, King (1460–1495)
• Sadi or Shaddi/Shaditato, King (1495–1530)

• Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)[2] –

• Shongetato (also known as the Girra king), King (1425–1460)
• Odhe/Addiotato, King (1460–1495)
• Sadi or Shaddi/Shaditato, King (1495–1530)

• Ennarea (complete list)[3] –

• Kaba Seyon, Hinnare-tato (c.1450–1530)

Somalia

• Adal Sultanate: Walashma dynasty (complete list) –

• Sabr ad-Din II, Sultan (1415–1422)
• Mansur ad-Din, Sultan (1422–1424)
• Jamal ad-Din II, Sultan (1424–1433)
• Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din, Sultan (1433–1445)
• Muhammad ibn Badlay, Sultan (1445–1472)
• Shams ad-Din ibn Muhammad, Sultan (1472–1488)
• Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din, Sultan (1488–1518)

• Sultanate of Ifat: Walashma dynasty (complete list) –

• Sa'ad ad-Din II, Sultan (1374–1403)

• Warsangali –

• Garaad Siciid, King (1392–1409)
• Garaad Ahmed, King (1409–1430)
• Garaad Siciid II, King (1430–1450)
• Garaad Mohamud II, King (1450–1479)
• Garaad Ciise II, King (1479–1487)
• Garaad Omar, King (1487–1495)
• Garaad Ali Dable, King (1491–1503)

Egypt

• Abbasid Caliphate, Cairo (complete list) –

• al-Musta'in, Caliph (1406–1414)
• al-Mu'tadid II, Caliph (1414–1441)
• al-Mustakfi II, Caliph (1441–1451)
• al-Qa'im, Caliph (1451–1455)
• al-Mustanjid, Caliph (1455–1479)
• al-Mutawakkil II, Caliph (1479–1497)
• al-Mustamsik, Caliph (1497–1508, 1516–1517)

• Mamluk Sultanate: Burji dynasty (complete list) –

• An-Nasir Faraj, Sultan (1399–1405)
• Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz, Sultan (1405)
• An-Nasir Faraj, Sultan (1405–1412)
• Al-Musta'in (Cairo), Sultan (1412)
• Shaykh al-Mahmudi, Sultan (1412–1421)
• Al-Muzaffar Ahmad, Sultan (1421)
• Sayf ad-Din Tatar, Sultan (1421)
• An-Nasir ad-Din Muhammad, Sultan (1421–1422)
• Barsbay, Sultan (1422–1438)
• Al-Aziz Jamal ad-Din Yusuf, Sultan (1438)
• Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq, Sultan (1438–1453)
• Al-Mansur Fakhr-ad-Din Uthman, Sultan (1453)
• Sayf ad-Din Inal, Sultan (1453–1461)
• Al-Mu'ayyad Shihab al-Din Ahmad, Sultan (1461)
• Sayf ad-Din Khushqadam, Sultan (1461–1467)
• Sayf ad-Din Bilbay, Sultan (1467)
• Timurbugha, Sultan (1467–1468)
• Qaitbay, Sultan (1468–1496)
• An-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qaitbay, Sultan (1496–1498)
• Abu Sa'id Qansuh, Sultan (1498–1500)
• Al-Ashraf Janbalat, Sultan (1500–1501)

Ifriqiya

• Hafsid dynasty (complete list) –

• Abd al-Aziz II, Khalif (1394–1434)
• Muhammad III, Khalif (1434–1436)
• Uthman, Khalif (1436–1488)
• Abu Zakariya Yahya, Khalif (1488–1489)
• Abd al-Mu'min (Hafsid), Khalif (1489–1490)
• Abu Yahya Zakariya, Khalif (1490–1494)
• Muhammad IV, Khalif (1494–1526)

Morocco

• Morocco (complete list) –

Marinid dynasty

• Abu Said Uthman III, Sultan (1398–1420)
• Abd al-Haqq II, Sultan (1420–1465)

Idrisid interlude

• Muhammad ibn Ali Amrani-Joutey, Sultan (1465–1471)

Wattasid dynasty

• Muhammad ibn Yahya, Sultan (1472–1505)

Mozambique

• Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) –

Colony, 1498–1972

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Zimbabwe

• Kingdom of Mutapa (complete list) –

• Nyatsimba Mutota, Mwenemutapa (c.1430)
• Matope Nyanhehwe Nebedza, Mwenemutapa (c.1450–1480)
• Mavura Maobwe, Mwenemutapa (1480)
• Nyahuma Mukombero, Mwenemutapa (1480–1490)
• Changamire, Mwenemutapa (1490–1494)
• Chikuyo Chisamarengu, Mwenemutapa (1494–c.1530)

Benin

• Benin Empire (complete list) –

• Orobiru, Oba (1397–1434)[4]
• Uwaifiokun, Oba (1434–1440)
• Ezoti, Oba (1473–1474) [5]
• Ewuare I, Oba (1440–1473)
• Olua, Oba (1475–1480)
• Ozolua, Oba (1480–1504)

Burkina Faso

• Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) –

• Tenin, Nunbado (1395–1425)
• Tokurma, Nunbado (1425–1470)
• Gima, Nunbado (1470–1520)

Cape Verde

• Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) –

Colony, 1462–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Guinea-Bissau

• Portuguese Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1474–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Mali

• Mali Empire: Keita dynasty (complete list) –

• Musa III, Mansa (1400–c.1440)
• Uli II, Mansa (c.1440–1481)
• Mahmud II, Mansa (1481–1496)
• Mahmud III, Mansa (1496–1559)

• Songhai Empire (complete list) –

Sonni Dynasty

• Sunni Souleïmân-Dâma, King (?–c.1464)
• Sonni Ali, King (1464–1492)
• Sonni Baru, King (1492–1493)

Askiya Dynasty

• Askia Mohammad I, King (1493–1529)

Nigeria

• Bornu Empire (Kanem–Bornu)[6] (complete list) –

• Bir III, Mai (1383–1415)
• Uthman III Kaliwama, Mai (1415–1415)
• Dunama III, Mai (1415–1417)
• Abdallah III Dakumuni, Mai (1417–1425)
• Ibrahim II, Mai (1425–1433)
• Kaday III, Mai (1433–1434)
• Ahmad Dunama IV, Mai (1434–1438)
• Muhammad II, Mai (1438)
• Amr, Mai (1438–1439)
• Muhammad III, Mai (1439)
• Ghazi, Mai (1439–1444)
• Uthman IV, Mai (1444–1449)
• Umar II, Mai (1449–1450)
• Muhammad IV, Mai (1450–1455)
• Ali Gazi, Mai (1455–1487)
• Idris Katarkamabi, Mai (1487–1509)

• Oyo Empire (complete list) –

• Kori, Alaafin (c.1400–?)
• Oluaso, Alaafin (?–c.1500)

• Sultanate of Kano (complete list) –

• Kanejeji, Sultan (1390–1410)
• Umaru, Sultan (1410–1421)
• Daud, Sultan (1421–1438)
• Abdullah Burja, Sultan (1438–1452)
• Dakauta, Sultan (1452)
• Atuma, Sultan (1452)
• Yaquled (1452–1463)
• Muhammad Rumfa, Sultan (1463–1499)
• Abdullahi dan Rumfa, Sultan (1499–1509)

• Kingdom of Nri (complete list) –

• Eze Nri Ọmalonyeso, King (1391–1464)
• Eze Nri Anyamata, King (1465–1511)

Senegal

• Jolof / Wolof Empire (complete list) –

• N'Diklam Sare, Buur-ba (1390–1420)
• Tyukuli N'Diklam, Buur-ba (1420–1440)
• Leeyti Tyukuli, Buur-ba (1440–1450)
• N'Dyelen Mbey Leeyti, Buur-ba (1450–1465)
• Birayma N'dyeme Eter, Buur-ba (1465–1481)
• Tase Daagulen, Buur-ba (1481–1488)
• Birayma Kuran Kan, Buur-ba (1488–1492)
• Bukaar Biye-Sungule, Buur-ba (1492–1527)

• Saloum (complete list) –

• Mbegan Ndour, Maad Saloum (c.1493)[7]

Mexico

• Azcapotzalco –

• Tezozomoc, Tlatoani (1353/71–1426)
• Tayatzin, Tlatoani (1426)
• Maxtla, Tlatoani (1426–1428/31)
• Temozomoc II, Tlatoani (1474–1499)
• Don Carlos Oquiztzin, Tlatoani (1499–c.1520)

• Mixtec –

• Dzawindanda / Atonal (II), ruler (?–1458)[8]

• Tarascan state (complete list) –

• Hiripan, Cazonci (?–c.1430)
• Tangáxuan I, Cazonci (1430–1454)
• Tzitzipandáquare, Cazonci (1454–1479)
• Zuangua, Cazonci (1479–1520)

• Tenochtitlan (complete list) –

under the Tepanec suzerainty

• Huitzilihuitl, Tlatoani (1395-c.1417)[9]
• Chimalpopoca, Tlatoani (1417–1426)[10]

• Tenochtitlan of the Aztec Empire (complete list) –

Emperors of the Triple Alliance (Aztec Empire)

• Itzcoatl, Hueyi Tlatoani[11](1427–1440)[12]
• Moteuczomatzin Ilhuicamina, Hueyi Tlatoani ()[13]
• Axayacatl, Hueyi Tlatoani (1469–1481)[14]
• Tizoc, Hueyi Tlatoani (1481–1486)[15]
• Ahuitzotl, Hueyi Tlatoani (1486–1502)[16]

• Tepanec –

• Tetzotzomoc, Tlatoani (1367–1426)[17]
• Tayauh, Tlatoani (1426)[17]
• Maxtla, Tlatoani (1426–1428)[17]

• Tlacopan –

• Totoquilhuaztli, Tlatoani (c.1400–1430)[18]
• Totoquilhuaztli, Tlatoani (1430–1469)[18]
• Chimalpopoca, Tlatoani (1469–?)[18]

• Zapotec civilization –[19]

• Zaachila –

• Zaachila Yoo, King (1386–1415)
• Zaachila II, King (1415–1454)
• Zaachila III, King (1454–1487)
• Cocijoeza / Cosijoeza, King (1487–1521)

Incas

• Kingdom of Cusco (complete list) –[20]

• Yawar Waqaq, Inca (c.1380–1410)
• Viracocha, Inca (c.1410–1438)

• Inca Empire (complete list) –

• Pachacuti, Sapa Inca (1438–1471/72)
• Topa, Sapa Inca (1471–1493)
• Huayna Capac, Sapa Inca (1493–1525)

Kazakhstan

• Western Chagatai Khanate (complete list) –

From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur

• Mahmud, Khan (1384–1402)

• Moghulistan, Eastern Chagatai Khanate (complete list) –

• Shams-i-Jahan, Khan (1399–1408)
• Muhammad Khan (Khan of Moghulistan), Khan (1408–1415)
• Naqsh-i-Jahan, Khan (1415–1418)
• Awais Khan, Khan (1418–1421)
• Sher Muhammad, Khan (1421–1425)
• Awais Khan, Khan (1425–1429)
• Satuq Khan, Khan (1429–1434)
• Esen Buqa II, Khan (1429–1462)

• Moghulistan, (complete list) –

• Yunus, Khan of Western Moghulistan (1462–1469)
• Dost Muhammad, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1462–1468)
• Kebek Oghlan, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1469)
• Yunus, Khan of All Moghulistan (1469–1487)
• Ahmad Alaq, Khan of Eastern Moghulistan (1487–1503)
• Mahmud, Khan of Western Moghulistan (1487–1508)

• Kazakh Khanate (complete list) –

• Kerei, Khan (1456–1473)
• Janibek, Khan (1473–1480)
• Burunduk, Khan (1480–1511)

• Kara Del

• Engke Temür, Khan (1393–1405)

Vassal of China, 1404–1430s

• Toqto, Khan (1405–1411)
• Mengli Temür, Khan (1411–1425)

Vassal of the Northern Yuan dynasty, 1430s–1455

• Budaširi, Khan (1425–1439)
• Khalīl sulṭān, Khan (1439–1457)

Vassal of China, 1455–1457

• Bürege, Khan (1457–1460)
• Nugandaširi, Khan (1460–1472)
• Baγ Temür, Rival Khan (1466–1472)
• Qanšin, Khan (1472–1488)
• Engke Bolad, Khan (1488–1492, 1493–1497)
• Šamba, Khan (1492–1493, 1497–1505)

Russia

• Golden Horde (complete list) –

• Shadi Beg, Khan (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu
• Pulad, Khan (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu
• Temür, Khan (1410–1412)
• Jalal ad-Din khan, Khan (1411–1412)
• Karim Berdi ibn Tokhtamysh, Khan (1412–1414)
• Kebek ibn Tokhtamysh, Khan (1414)
• Chokra ibn Akmyl, Khan (1414–1417)
• Jabbar Berdi, Khan (1417–1419)
• Olugh Mokhammad, Khan (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
• Dawlat Berdi, Khan (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
• Baraq, Khan (1422–1427)
• Seyid Akhmed, Khan (1433–1435)
• Küchük Muhammad, Khan (1435–1459)

• Great Horde (complete list) –

• Mahmud, Khan (1459–1465)
• Ahmed, Khan (1465–1481)
• Shayk Ahmad, Khan (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
• Murtada, Khan (1498–1499)

• Khanate of Sibir (complete list) –

• Tokhtamysh, Khan (1396–1406)
• Chekre Khan, Khan (1407–1413)
• Hadji Muhammad, Khan (1420–1428)
• Abu'l-Khayr, Khan (1428–1468)
• Mar, Khan (1468–1480)
• Ibak, Khan (1468–1495)
• Mamuq of Kazan, Khan (1495–1496)
• Abalak of Sibir, Khan (1496–1501)
• Muhammad Taibuga, Khan (1495–1502)

• White Horde (complete list) –

• Baraq, Khan (1423–1428)
• Muhammed, Khan (1428–1431)
• Mustafa, Khan (1431–1446)

Tibet

• Guge[21]

• rNam rgyal lde, King (1396?–1424)
• Nam mkha'i dBang po Phun tshogs lde, King (1424–1449)
• rNam ri Sang rgyas lde, King (1449–?)
• bLo bzang Rab brtan, King (?–c.1485)
• sTod tsha 'Phags pa lha, King (c.1485–post–1499)

• Phagmodrupa dynasty[22] (complete list) –

• Drakpa Gyaltsen, Monarch (1385–1432)
• Drakpa Jungne, Monarch (1432–1445)
• Kunga Lekpa, Monarch (1448–1481)
• Ngagi Wangpo, Monarch (1481–1491)
• Tsokye Dorje, Monarch (1491–1499)
• Ngawang Tashi Drakpa, Monarch (1499–1554)

• Rinpungpa[23] (complete list) –

• Norzang, Monarch (1435–1466)
• Kunzang, Monarch (1466–c.1479)
• Donyo Dorje, Monarch (c.1479–1512)

Uzbekistan

• Khanate of Bukhara: Shaybanid dynasty –

• Abu'l-Khayr, Khan (1428–1468)
• Abul-Khayr, Khan (1428–1468)
• Shah Budagh, Khan (1468)
• Muhammad Shayabak, Khan (1500–1510)

China: Ming dynasty

• Ming dynasty (complete list) –

• Jianwen, Emperor (1398–1402)
• Yongle, Emperor (1402–1424)
• Hongxi, Emperor (1424–1425)
• Xuande, Emperor (1425–1435)
• Yingzong, Emperor (1435–1449, 1457–1464)
• Jingtai, Emperor (1449–1457)
• Yingzong, Emperor (1435–1449, 1457–1464)
• Chenghua, Emperor (1464–1487)
• Hongzhi, Emperor (1487–1505)

Japan: Main

• Ashikaga shogunate of Japan

• Emperors (complete list) –

• Go-Komatsu, Emperor (1392–1412)
• Shōkō, Emperor (1412–1428)
• Go-Hanazono, Emperor (1428–1464)
• Go-Tsuchimikado, Emperor (1464–1500)

• Shōguns –

• Yoshimochi, Shōgun (1395–1423)
• Yoshikazu, Shōgun (1423–1425)
• Yoshinori, Shōgun (1428–1441)
• Yoshikatsu, Shōgun (1442–1443)
• Yoshimasa, Shōgun (1449–1474)
• Yoshihisa, Shōgun (1474–1489)
• Yoshitane, Shōgun (1490–1493)
• Yoshizumi, Shōgun (1493–1508)

Japan: Ryukyu

• Chūzan: Ryukyu Kingdoms of the Sanzan period –

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty

• Bunei, Chief (1398–1406)

• Nanzan: Ryukyu Kingdoms of the Sanzan period –

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty

• Oueishi, Chief (1388–1402)
• Ououso, Chief (1403–1413)
• Tafuchi, Chief (1413–1414)
• Taromai, Chief (1415–1429)

• Hokuzan: Ryukyu Kingdoms of the Sanzan period –

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty

• Hananchi, Chief (1401–1416)

• Ryukyu Kingdom –

First Shō Dynasty

• Shō Shishō, Chief (1406–1421)
• Shō Hashi, Chief (1422–1429), King (1429–1439)

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty, 1429–1644

• Shō Chū, King (1439–1444)
• Shō Shitatsu, King (1444–1449)
• Shō Kinpuku, King (1449–1453)
• Shō Taikyū, King (1454–1460)
• Shō Toku, King (1460–1469)

Second Shō Dynasty

• Shō En, King (1469–1476)
• Shō Sen'i, King (1477)
• Shō Shin, King (1477–1526)

Korea

• Joseon (complete list) –

• Taejong, King (1400–1418)
• Sejong the Great, King (1418–1450)
• Munjong, King (1450–1452)
• Danjong, King (1452–1455)
• Sejo, King (1455–1468)
• Yejong, King (1468–1469)
• Seongjong, King (1469–1494)
• Yeonsangun, King (1494–1506)

Mongolia

• Alliance of the Four Oirat (complete list) –

• Batula, leader (1399–1408)
• Togoon Taishi, leader (1408–1438)
• Esen, leader (1438–1454)
• Amasanj, leader (1454–1455)
• Ishtömör (Ush-Temür), leader (1455–1469)

• Northern Yuan dynasty (complete list) –

• Gün Temür, Khan (1400–1402)
• Örüg Temür, Khan (1402–1408)
• Öljei Temür, Khan (1408–1412)
• Delbeg, Khan (1412–1415)
• Oyiradai, Khan (1415–1425)
• Adai, Khan (1425–1438)
• Tayisung Toghtoa Bukha, Khan (1433–1452)
• Agbarjin, Khan (1453)
• Esen taishi, Khan (1453–1454)
• Markörgis, Khan (1454–1465)
• Molon, Khan (1465–1466)
• Manduul, Khan (1475–1478)
• Dayan, Khan (1478–1516)

Brunei

• Bruneian Empire (complete list) –

• Muhammad Shah, Sultan (1368–1402)
• Abdul Majid Hassan, Sultan (1402–1408)
• Ahmad, Sultan (1408–1425)
• Sharif Ali, Sultan (1425–1432)
• Sulaiman, Sultan (1432–1485)
• Bolkiah, Sultan (1485–1524)

Cambodia

• Khmer Empire (complete list) –

• In Reachea, King (1394–c.1421)
• Ponhea Yat, King of Khmer Empire (1405–1431), King of Cambodia (1431–1463)

• Kingdom of Cambodia: Middle Period (complete list) –

• Ponhea Yat, King of Khmer Empire (1405–1431), King of Cambodia (1431–1463)
• Noreay Ramathipatei, King (1463–1469)
• Reachea Ramathipatei, King (1469–1475)
• Srei Soriyotei II, King (1472–1475)
• Thommo Reachea I, King (1476–1504)

Indonesia

Indonesia: Java

• Sunda Kingdom (complete list) –

• Prabu Raja Wastu, Maharaja (1371–1475)
• Prabu Susuk tunggal, Maharaja (1475–1482)
• Sri Baduga, Maharaja (1482–1521)

• Majapahit: Rajasa dynasty (complete list) –

• Wikramawardhana,[24]^:241 King (1389–1429)
• Suhita, Queen (1429–1447)[24]^:242
• Kritavijaya, King (1447–1451)[24]^:242
• Rajasavardhana,[24]^:242 King (1451–1453)
• Bhre Wengker, Purvavisesha,[24]^:242 King (1456–1466)
• Singhavikramavardhana,[24]^:242 King (1466–1468/78[25]^(p18))
• Bhre Kertabhumi, King (1468–1478)
• Girindrawardhana, King (1478–1489)
• Prabu Udara, King (1489–1517)

• Tuban –

• Sira Lena, King (14th/15th century)
• Raden Arya Dikara, King (15th century)
• Arya Teja, King (15th century)

• Sultanate of Cirebon (complete list) –

• Cakrabuana, Prince (1445–1479)
• Sunan Gunungjati, Sultan (1479–1568)

Indonesia: Sumatra

• Samudera Pasai Sultanate (complete list) –

• Zainal Abidin I, Sultan (1349–1406)
• Nahrasyiyah, Queen (1406–1428)
• Zainal Abidin II, Sultan (1428–1438)
• Shalahuddin, Sultan (1438–1462)
• Ahmad II, Sultan (1462–1464)
• Abu Zaid Ahmad III, Sultan (1464–1466)
• Ahmad IV, Sultan (1466–1466)
• Mahmud, Sultan (1466–1468)
• Zainal Abidin III, Sultan (1468–1474)
• Muhammad Syah II, Sultan (1474–1495)
• Al-Kamil, Sultan (1495–1495)
• Adlullah, Sultan (1495–1506)

Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)

• Negara Daha –

• Sari Kaburangan, Maharaja (15th century)
• Sukarama, Maharaja (15th century)
• Mangkubumi, Maharaja (15th/16th century)

Indonesia: Sulawesi

• Gowa-Tallo –

• I Puang Lowe Lembang, King (14th/15th century)
• I Tuniatabanri, King (15th century)
• Karampang ri Gowa, King (15th century)
• Tunatangka Lopi, King (15th century)
• Batara Gowa, King (15th/16th century)

• Luwu –

• Tanra Balusu, Datu (1365–1402)
• Toampanangi, Datu (1402–1426)
• Batara Guru II, Datu (1426–1458)
• La Mariawa, Datu (1458–1465)
• Risaolebbi, Datu (1465–1507)

Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands

• Bali Kingdom: Samprangan (complete list) –

• Dalem Samprangan, King (14th/15th century)

Indonesia: Maluku Islands

• Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) –

• Muhammad Bakir, Sultan (c.1500)[26]

• Sultanate of Tidore (complete list) –

• Matagena, King (1372–1405)[27]
• Jamaluddin/Ciri Leliati, Sultan (1495–1512)

• Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) –

• Komala Pulu/ Bessi Muhammad Hassan, King (1377–1432)
• Marhum/ Gapi Baguna II, King (1432–1486)
• Zainal Abidin, Sultan (1486–1500)
• Bayanullah, Sultan (1500–1522)

Laos

• Lan Xang (complete list) –

• Samsenethai, King (1373–1416)
• Lan Kham Deng, King (1416–1428)
• Phommathat, King (1428–1429)
• Yukhon, King (1429–1430)
• Khon Kham, King (1430–1432)
• Kham Tam Sa, King (1432)
• Lusai, King (1432–1433)
• Khai Bua Ban, King (1433–1436)
• Kham Keut, King (1436–1438)
• Nang Keo Phimpha, Queen (1438)
• Chakkaphat Phaen Phaeo, King (1442–1480)
• Souvanna Banlang, King (1479–1486)
• La Sen Thai, King (1485–1496)
• Somphou, King (1496–1501)

Malaysia: Peninsular

• Old Pahang Kingdom –

• Parameswara Teluk Chini, Maharaja (c.1411)
• Dewa Sura, Maharaja (?–1454)

• Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –

• Sulaiman Shah I, Sultan (1373–1423)
• Ataullah Muhammad Shah I, Sultan (1423–1473)
• Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah I, Sultan (1473–1506)

• Kelantan Sultanate: Jambi dynasty (complete list) –

• Baki Shah, Sultan (1362–1418)
• Sadik Muhammad Shah, Sultan (1418–1429)
• Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1429–1467)
• Mansur Shah, Sultan (1467–1522)

• Malacca Sultanate

• Sultans –

• Parameswara, Raja of Singapura (1389–1398), Sultan of Malacca (1400–1414)
• Megat Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1414–1424)
• Muhammad Shah, Sultan (1424–1444)
• Abu Syahid Shah, Sultan (1444–1446)
• Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1445–1459)
• Mansur Shah, Sultan (1459–1477)
• Alauddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1477–1488)
• Mahmud Shah, Sultan (1488–1511, 1513–1528)

• Bendaharas –

• Tun Perpatih Permuka Berjajar, Bendahara (1400–1412)
• Tun Perpatih Sedang, Bendahara (?–1445)
• Tun Ali, Bendahara (1445–1456)
• Tun Perak, Bendahara (1456–1498)
• Tun Perpatih Putih, Bendahara (1498–1500)

• Pahang Sultanate (complete list) –

• Muhammad Shah, Sultan (1470–1475)
• Ahmad Shah, Sultan (1475–1495)
• Abdul Jamil Shah, Sultan (1495–1512)
• Mansur Shah I, Sultan (1495–1519)

Myanmar / Burma

• Kingdom of Ava (complete list) –

• Minkhaung I, King (1400–1421)
• Thihathu, King (1421–1425)
• Min Hla, King (1425)
• Kale Kye-Taung Nyo, King (1425–1426)
• Mohnyin Thado, King (1426–1439)
• Minye Kyawswa I, King (1439–1442)
• Narapati I, King (1442–1468)
• Thihathura, King (1468–1480)
• Minkhaung II, King (1480–1501)
• Thihathura II, Co-King (1485–1501)

• Hanthawaddy Kingdom (complete list) –

• Razadarit, King (1384–1421)
• Binnya Dhammaraza, King (1421–1424)
• Binnya Ran I, King (1424–1446)
• Binnya Waru, King (1446–1451)
• Binnya Kyan, King (1451–1453)
• Leik Munhtaw, King (1453–1454)
• Shin Sawbu, Queen (1454–1471)
• Dhammazedi, King (1471–1492)
• Binnya Ran II, King (1492–1526)

• Kengtung (complete list) –

• 艾乌萨, Saopha (1390–1403)
• 伊康伽, Saopha (1403–1416)
• Sao Shan, Saopha (1416–1441)
• Sao Shan Sili, Saopha (1441–1456)
• 艾劳康, Saopha (1456–1474)
• Ai Lao (艾劳), Saopha (1474–1501)

• Mongyang –

• Sawlon the Elder,[note 1] Saopha (c.1482–?)

• Kingdom of Mrauk U (complete list) –

• Min Saw Mon, King (1429–1433)
• Min Khayi, King (1433–1459)
• Ba Saw Phyu, King (1459–1482)
• Min Dawlya, King (1482–1492)
• Ba Saw Nyo, King (1492–1494)
• Min Ran Aung, King (1494)
• Salingathu, King (1494–1502)

• Prome Kingdom (complete list) –

• Thado Minsaw, King (1482–1526)

Philippines

• Tondo (complete list) –

• Gambang, Rajah (c.1390–1417)
• Suko, Rajah (1417–1430)
• Lontok, Rajah (1430–1450)
• Dayang Kalangitan, Queen (1450–c.1515)

• Madja-as (complete list) –

• Kalantiaw, Datu (1365–1437)
• Manduyog, Datu (1437–?)
• Padojinog, Datu (15th/16th century)

• Rajahnate of Cebu –

• Bantug, Rajah (c.15th century)
• Parang the Limp, Rajah (15th/16th century)

• Caboloan (complete list) –

• Kamayin, King (1406–1408)
• Taymey, King (1408–1409)
• Liyu, King (1409–?)

• Sultanate of Sulu (complete list) –

• Sharif ul-Hāshim, Sultan (1405–?)
• Kamal ud-Din, Sultan (1480–1505)

Thailand

• Lan Na: Mangrai dynasty (complete list) –

• Saenmueangma, King (1385–1401)
• Samfangkaen, King (1402–1441)
• Tilokkarat, King (1441–1487)
• Yotchiangrai, King (1487–1495)
• Kaeo or Mueangkaeo, King (1495–1525)

• Sukhothai Kingdom (complete list) –

• Maha Thammaracha III, King (1400–1419)
• Maha Thammaracha IV, King (1419–1438)

• Ayutthaya Kingdom (complete list) –

Uthong dynasty

• Ramrachathirat, King (1395–1409)

Suphannaphum dynasty

• Intharacha, King (1409–1424)
• Borommarachathirat II, King (1424–1448)
• Borommatrailokkanat, King (1448–1488)
• Borommaracha III, King (1488–1491)
• Ramathibodi II, King (1491–1529)

Vietnam

• Champa (complete list) –

• Jaya Simhavarman V, King (1400–1441)
• Maija Vijaya, King (1441–1446)
• Moho Kouei-Lai, King (1446–1449)
• Moho Kouei-Yeou, King (1449–1458)
• Moho P'an-Lo-Yue, King (1458–1460)
• P'an-Lo T'ou-Ts'iuan, King (1460–1471)

• Đại Việt: Hồ dynasty (complete list) –

• Hồ Quý Ly, Emperor (1400–1401)
• Hồ Hán Thương, Emperor (1401–1407)

• Đại Việt: Later Trần dynasty (complete list) –

• Giản Định Đế, Emperor (1407–1409)
• Trùng Quang Đế, Emperor (1409–1414)
• Trần Cảo, (puppet) Emperor (1426–1428)

• Đại Việt: Later Lê dynasty (complete list) –

• Lê Lợi, Emperor (1428–1433)
• Lê Thái Tông, Emperor (1433–1442)
• Lê Nhân Tông, Emperor (1442–1459)
• Lê Nghi Dân, Emperor (1459–1460)
• Lê Thánh Tông, Emperor (1460–1497)
• Lê Hiến Tông, Emperor (1497–1504)

See also List of state leaders in the 15th-century south Asia

Oman

• Nabhani dynasty (complete list) –

• Makhzum bin al Fallah, Malik (1406–1435)
• Abul Hassan of Oman, Malik (1435–1451)
• Omar bin al Khattab, Malik (1451–1490)
• Omar al Sharif, Malik (1490–1500)
• Muhammad bin Ismail, Malik (1500–1529)

Turkey

• Ottoman Empire

• Sultans –

• Bayezid I, Sultan (1389–1402)
• Mehmed I, Sultan (1413–1421)
• Murad II, Sultan (1421–1444, 1446–1451)
• Mehmed II, Sultan (1444–1446, 1451–1481)
• Bayezid II, Sultan (1481–1512)

• Grand Viziers –

• Zagan Pasha, Grand Vizier (1453–1456)
• Veli Mahmud Pasha, Grand Vizier (1456–1466)
• Rum Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1466–1469)
• Ishak Pasha, Grand Vizier (1469–1472)
• Veli Mahmud Pasha, Grand Vizier (1472–1474)
• Gedik Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1474–1477)
• Karamani Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1477–1481)
• Ishak Pasha, Grand Vizier (1481–1482)
• Koca Davud Pasha, Grand Vizier (1482–1497)
• Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier (1497–1498)
• Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger, Grand Vizier (1498–1499)
• Yakub Pasha, Grand Vizier (1499–1501)

Yemen

• Kathiri State of Seiyun –

• Badr as-Sahab ibn al-Habrali Bu Tuwairik, Sultan (1395–1430)
• Muhammad ibn 'Ali, Sultan (c.1430–c.1450)
• Dscha'far ibn 'Abdallah, Sultan (c.1493)

• Yemeni Zaidi State (complete list) –

• al-Mansur Ali bin Salah ad-Din, Imam (1391–1436)
• al-Hadi Ali, Imam (1393–1432)
• al-Mahdi Salah ad-Din, Imam (1436–1445)
• al-Mansur an-Nasir, Imam (1436–1462)
• al-Mutawakkil al-Mutahhar, Imam (1436–1474)
• al-Mu’ayyad Muhammad, Imam (1462–1503)
• an-Nasir Muhammad bin Yusuf, Imam (1474–1488)
• al-Hadi Izz ad-Din, Imam (1474–1495)
• al-Mansur Muhammad, Imam (1475–1504)
• an-Nasir al-Hasan, Imam (1495–1523)

• Principality of Achaea (complete list) –

• Pedro de San Superano, Prince (1396–1402)
• Maria, Princess (1402–1404)
• Centurione, Prince (1404–1430)

• Duchy of the Archipelago (complete list) –

• Giacomo I, Duke (1397–1418)
• Giovanni II, Duke (1418–1433)
• Giacomo II, Duke (1433–1447)
• Gian Giacomo, Duke (1447–1453)
• Guglielmo II, Duke (1453–1463)
• Francesco II, Duke (1463)
• Giacomo III, Duke (1463–1480)
• Giovanni III, Duke (1480–1494)
• Francesco III, Duke (1500–1511)

• Byzantine Empire (complete list) –

• Manuel II Palaiologos, Emperor (1391–1425)
• Andronikos V Palaiologos, Emperor (c.1403–1407)
• John VIII Palaiologos, Emperor (1425–1448)
• Constantine XI Palaiologos, Emperor (1449–1453)

• Despotate of the Morea (complete list) –

• Theodore I Palaiologos, Despot (1383–1407)
• Theodore II Palaiologos, Despot (1407–1443)
• Constantine Palaiologos, Despot (1428–1449)
• Thomas Palaiologos, Despot (1428–1460)
• Demetrios II Palaiologos, Despot (1449–1460)

• Hospitaller Rhodes: Knights Hospitaller (complete list) –

• Philibert de Naillac, Grand Master (1396–1421)
• Anton Flavian de Ripa, Grand Master (1421–1437)
• Jean de Lastic, Grand Master (1437–1454)
• Jacques de Milly, Grand Master (1454–1461)
• Piero Raimondo Zacosta, Grand Master (1461–1467)
• Giovanni Battista Orsini, Grand Master (1467–1476)
• Pierre d'Aubusson, Grand Master (1476–1503)

• Moravian Serbia/Serbian Despotate (complete list) –

• Stefan Lazarević, Prince (1389–1402), Despot (1402–1427)
• Đurađ Branković, Despot (1427–1456)
• Lazar Branković, Despot (1456–1458)
• Stefan Branković, Despot (1458–1459)
• Stephen Tomašević, Despot (1459)

Scotland

• Kingdom of Scotland (complete list) –

• Robert III, King (1390–1406)
• James I, King (1406–1437)
• James II, King (1437–1460)
• James III, King (1460–1488)
• James IV, King (1488–1513)

England and Ireland

• Kingdom of England and Lordship of Ireland (complete list) –

• Henry IV, King and Lord (1399–1413)
• Henry V, King and Lord (1413–1422)
• John of Lancaster, Regent (1422–1429)
• Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Regent (1422–1437)
• Henry Beaufort, Regent (1422–1437)
• Richard Plantagenet, Regent (1454–1456)
• Henry VI, King and Lord (1422–1461, 1470–1471)
• Edward IV, King and Lord (1461–1470, 1471–1483)
• Edward V, King and Lord (1483)
• Richard III, King and Lord (1483–1485)
• Henry VII, King and Lord (1485–1509)

Ireland

• Airgíalla (complete list) –

• Pilib Ruadh mac Briain, King (1371–1403)
• Ardghal mac Briain, King (1403–1416)
• Brian mac Ardghail, King (1416–1442)
• Ruaidhri mac Ardghail, King (1442–1446)
• Aodh Ruadh mac Ruaidhri, King (1446–1453)
• Feidhlimidh mac Briain, King (1453–1466)
• Eochan mac Ruaidhri, King (1466–1467)
• Reamonn mac Ruaidhri, King (1467–1484)
• Aodh Óg mac Aodha Ruaidh, King (1485–1496)
• Brian mac Reamoinn, King (1496–1497)
• Rossa mac Maghnusa, King (1497–1513)

• East Breifne (complete list) –

• Maelmordha, ruler (1403–1411)
• Richard, ruler (1411–1418)
• Owen, ruler (1418–1449)
• Farrell, ruler (1450)
• John, ruler (1450–1460)
• Cathal O'Reilly, ruler (1467)
• Turlough, ruler (1468–1487)
• John, son of Turlough O'Reilly, ruler (1487–1491)
• John, son of Cathal O'Reilly, ruler (1491–1510)

• West Breifne (complete list) –

• Tigernán mór Ó Ruairc, King (1376–1418)
• Aodh buidhe Ó Ruairc, King (1418–1419)
• Tadhg Ó Ruairc, King (1419–1424)
• Art Ó Ruairc, King (1419–1424)
• Tadhg Ó Ruairc, King (1424–1435)
• Lochlann Ó Ruairc, King (1435–1458)
• Donnchadh bacagh Ó Ruairc, King (1435–1445)
• Donnchadh Ó Ruairc, King (1445–1449)
• Tigernán óg Ó Ruairc, King (1449–1468)
• Donnchadh losc Ó Ruairce, King (1468–1476)
• Domnall Ó Ruairc, King (1468–1476,)
• Feidhlimidh Ó Ruairc, King (1476–1500)
• Eóghan Ó Ruairc, King (1500–1528)

• Leinster (complete list) –

• Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1375–1417)
• Donnchadh mac Art mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1417–1478)
• Domhnall Riabhach mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1478)
• Muircheartach mac Donnchadh mac Murchadha Caomhánach, King (1478–1512)

• Magh Luirg (complete list) –

• Conchobair Óg mac Diarmata, King (1398–1404)
• Ruaidri Caech mac Diarmata, King (1404–1421)
• Tomaltach an Einigh mac Diarmata, King (1421–1458)
• Aedh mac Diarmata, King (1458–1465)
• Conochobar Óg mac Diarmata, King (1456–1478)
• Ruaidri Óg mac Diarmata, King (1478–1486)
• Conchobair mac Diarmata, King (1486–1497)
• Tadhg mac Diarmata, King (1497–1499)
• Cormac mac Diarmata, King (1499–1528)

• Síol Anmchadha (complete list) –

• Eoghan Mór Ó Madadhan, Lord (1371–1410)
• Murcadh Ó Madadhan, Lord (1410–1451)
• Eoghan Carrach Ó Madadhan, Lord (1451–?)
• Murchadh Reagh Ó Madadhan, Lord (?–1475)
• Owen Ó Madadhan, Lord (1475–c.1479)
• Breasal Ó Madadhan, Lord (c.1479–1526)

See also List of state leaders in the 15th-century Holy Roman Empire

• Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany (complete list, complete list) –

• Rupert, King (1400–1410)
• Jobst of Moravia, contested King (1410–1411)
• Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (1433–1437), King (1410–1437)
• Albert II, King (1438–1439)
• Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (1452–1493), King (1440–1493)
• Maximilian I, Emperor Elect (1508–1519), King (1486–1519)

Hungary

• Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526) (complete list) –

• Sigismund, King (1387–1437)
• Albert, King (1437–1439)
• Ladislaus V, King (1440–1457)
• Vladislaus I, King (1440–1444)
• Matthias I, King (1458–1490)
• Vladislaus II, King (1490–1516)

Poland

• Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569) (complete list) –

• Władysław II Jagiełło, King (1386–1434)
• Władysław III of Varna, King (1434–1444)
• Casimir IV, King (1447–1492)
• John I Albert, King (1492–1501)

• Duchy of Opole (complete list) –

• Władysław II, Duke (1356–1401)
• Bernard, co-Duke (1396–1400)
• Bolko IV, Duke (1396–1437)
• Jan I, co-Duke (1437–1439)
• Nicholas I, Duke (1437–1476)
• Louis, co-Duke (1476)
• Nicholas II, co-Duke (1476)
• Jan II the Good, Duke (1476–1532)

• Duchy of Masovia: Płock and Rawa (complete list) –

• Siemowit IV the Younger, Duke of Płock and Rawa (1381–1426)
• Trojden II, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1426–1427)
• Siemowit V, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1426–1434), Duke of Rawa (1434–1442)
• Casimir II, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1426–1434), Duke of Bełz (1434–1442)
• Władysław I, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1426–1434), Duke of Płock (1434–1442), of Płock and Rawa-Rawa (1442–1455)
• Margareta of Opava-Ráciborz, Duchess of Rawa-Gostynin (1442–1459)
• Anna of Oleśnica, Paul Giżycki, Regents of Płock and Rawa-Rawa (1455–1459)
• Siemowit VI, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1455–1462)
• Władysław II, co-Duke of Płock and Rawa (1459–1462)
• Casimir III, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Płock (1471–1475)
• Janusz II, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Płock (1475–1495)

• Duchy of Masovia: Warsaw (complete list) –

• Janusz I the Elder, Duke (1381–1429)
• Anna of Lithuania, Regent (1429–1436)
• Bolesław IV, Duke (1429–1454)
• Barbara Aleksandrówna, Regent (1454–1462)
• Paul Giżycki, Regent (1454–1462)
• Casimir III, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Płock (1471–1475)
• Bolesław V, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Warsaw (1471–1488)
• Janusz II, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Płock (1475–1495)
• Konrad III the Rudy, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Czersk (1471–1495), of Warsaw (1488–1495), of Masovia (1495–1503)

• Duchy of Masovia (complete list) –

• Konrad III the Rudy, co-Duke of Warsaw (1454–1462), of Masovia (1462–1471), Duke of Czersk (1471–1495), of Warsaw (1488–1495), of Masovia (1495–1503)

• State of the Teutonic Order (complete list) –

• Konrad von Jungingen, Grand Master (1393–1407)
• Ulrich von Jungingen, Grand Master (1407–1410)
• Heinrich von Plauen, Grand Master (1410–1413)
• Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, Grand Master (1414–1422)
• Paul von Rusdorf, Grand Master (1422–1441)
• Konrad von Erlichshausen, Grand Master (1441–1449)
• Ludwig von Erlichshausen, Grand Master (1450–1467)
• Heinrich Reuß von Plauen, Grand Master (1467–1470)
• Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg, Grand Master (1470–1477)
• Martin Truchseß von Wetzhausen, Grand Master (1477–1489)
• Johann von Tiefen, Grand Master (1489–1497)
• Frederick, Duke of Saxony, Grand Master (1497–1510)

• Crimean Khanate (complete list) –

• Hacı I Giray, Khan (1441–1466)
• Nur Devlet, Khan (1466–1467)
• Meñli I Giray, Khan (1467)
• Nur Devlet, Khan (1467–1469)
• Meñli I Giray, Khan (1469–1475)
• Hayder, Khan (1475)
• Nur Devlet, Khan (1475–1476)
• Meñli I Giray, Khan (1478–1515)

• Khanate of Kazan (complete list) –

• Olugh Mokhammad, Khan (1438–1446)
• Mäxmüd, Khan (1445–1466)
• Xälil, Khan (1466–1467)
• Ibrahim, Khan (1467–1479)
• Ilham Ghali, Khan (1479–1484, 1485–1487)
• Möxämmädämin, Khan (1484–1485, 1487–1495, 1502–1518)
• Mamuq, Khan (1495–1496)
• Ghabdellatif, Khan (1496–1502)

• Moldavia (complete list) –

• Alexandru I the Good, Voivode (1400–1432)
• Iliaș I, Voivode (1432–1433, 1435–1443)
• Ștefan II, Voivode (1433–1435, 1435–1447)
• Petru III, Voivode (1444–1445, 1447, 1448)
• Roman II, Voivode (1447, 1447–1448)
• Csupor de Monoszló, usurper Prince (1448)
• Alexandru II, Voivode (1448–1449, 1452–1454, 1455)
• Bogdan II, Voivode (1449–1451)
• Petru IV Aron, Voivode (1451–1452, 1454–1454/55, 1455–1457)
• Ștefan III the Great, Voivode (1457–1504)

• Grand Duchy of Moscow (complete list) –

• Vasily I, Grand prince (1389–1425)
• Vasily II, Grand prince (1425–1434)
• Yury of Zvenigorod, Grand prince (1434)
• Vasily Kosoy, Grand prince (1434–1435)
• Vasily II, Grand prince (1435–1446)
• Dmitry Shemyaka, Grand prince (1446–1447)
• Vasily II, Grand prince (1447–1462)
• Ivan III the Great, Grand prince (1462–1505)

• Qasim Khanate (complete list) –

• Qasim ibn Ulugh Muhammad, Khan/ Sultan (1445–1468)
• Daniyal ibn Qasim, Sultan (1468–1486)
• Nur Devlet, Khan (1486–1491)
• Satylghan ibn Nur Daulat, Sultan (1491–1506)

• Principality of Wallachia (complete list) –

• Mihail I, Prince (1418–1420)
• Radu II the Bald, Prince (1420–1422,[28] 1426–1427[29])
• Dan II, Prince (1422–1426, 1427–1431)
• Alexandru I Aldea, Prince (1431–1436)
• Vlad II the Dragon/Dracul, Prince (1436–1442, 1443–1447)
• Mircea II the Younger, Prince (1442, 1446–1447)
• Basarab II, Prince (1442–1443)
• Vladislav II, Prince (1447–1448, 1448–1456)
• Vlad III the Impaler, Prince (1448, 1456–1462, 1476)
• Radu III the Fair, Prince (1462–1473, 1473–1474, 1474, 1474–1475)
• Basarab III Laiotă the Old, Prince (1473, 1474, 1474, 1475–1476, 1476–1477)
• Basarab IV The Younger, The Little Impaler, Prince (1477–1481, 1481–1482)
• Mircea (III), Prince (1481)
• Vlad IV the Monk, Prince (1481, 1482–1495)
• Radu IV the Great, Prince (1495–1508)

Kalmar Union

• Kalmar Union of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway (complete list, complete list, complete list) –

• Margaret I, Queen Regent of Denmark (1387–1412), of Norway (1388–1412), of Sweden (1389–1412)
• Eric of Pomerania, King (1389–1442)
• Sigurd Jonsson, Regent of Norway (1439–1442, 1448–1449)
• Christopher, King of Denmark (1440–1448), of Sweden (1441–1448), of Norway (1442–1448)
• Bengt Jönsson, Nils Jönsson, co-Regents of Sweden (1448)
• Charles VIII, King of Norway (1449–1450), of Sweden (1448–1457, 1464–1465, 1467–1470)
• Jöns Bengtsson, co-Regent of Sweden (1457), Regent (1465–1466)
• Erik Axelsson Tott, co-Regent of Sweden (1457), Regent (1466–1467)
• Christian I, King of Denmark (1448–1481), of Norway (1450–1481), of Sweden (1457–1464)
• Kettil Karlsson, Regent of Sweden (1464, 1464–1465)
• Sten Sture the Elder, Regent of Sweden (1470–1497, 1501–1503)
• Jon Svaleson Smør, Regent of Norway (1481–1483)
• John, King of Denmark (1481–1513), of Norway (1483–1513), of Sweden (1497–1501)

States of Italy in 1494.

See also List of state leaders in the 15th-century Holy Roman Empire#Italy

• Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire) (complete list) –

• Sigismund, King (1431–1437)
• Frederick III, King (1452–1493)

• Florence (complete list) –

• Cosimo the Elder, Lord (1434–1464)
• Piero the Gouty, Lord (1464–1469)
• Giuliano, Lord (1469–1478)
• Lorenzo the Magnificent, Lord (1469–1492)
• Piero the Unfortunate, Lord (1492–1494)
• Girolamo Savonarola, de facto ruler (1494–1498)

• Margraviate of Mantua (complete list) –

• Gianfrancesco Gonzaga, Lord (1407–1433), Marquess (1433–1444)
• Louis III, Marquess (1444–1478)
• Frederick I, Marquess (1478–1484)
• Francis II, Marquess (1484–1519)

• Margraviate of Massa and Carrara (complete list) –

• Antonio Malaspina, Marquis (1442–1445)
• Iacopo Malaspina, Marquis (1445–1481)
• Alberico II Malaspina, Marquis (1481–1519)

• Margraviate of Modena, Reggio, and Ferrara (complete list) –

• Niccolò III, Marquis of Ferrara and Modena (1393–1441), of Reggio (1405–1441)
• Leonello, Marquis (1441–1450)
• Borso, Marquis(1450–1452), Duke (1452–1471)[30]

• Duchy of Modena, Reggio, and Ferrara (complete list) –

• Borso, Marquis(1450–1452), Duke (1452–1471)[30]
• Ercole I, Duke (1471–1505)

• March of Montferrat (complete list) –

• Theodore II,[31] Marquis (1381–1418)
• John Jacob, Marquis (1418–1445)
• John IV, Marquis (1445–1464)
• William VIII, Marquis (1464–1483)
• Boniface III, Marquis (1483–1494)
• William IX, Marquis (1494–1518)

• Papal States (complete list) –

• Boniface IX, Pope (1389–1404)
• Innocent VII, Pope (1404–1406)
• Gregory XII, Pope (1406–1415)
• Martin V, Pope (1417–1431)
• Eugene IV, Pope (1431–1447)
• Nicholas V, Pope (1447–1455)
• Callixtus III, Pope (1455–1458)
• Pius II, Pope (1458–1464)
• Paul II, Pope (1464–1471)
• Sixtus IV, Pope (1471–1484)
• Innocent VIII, Pope (1484–1492)
• Alexander VI, Pope (1492–1503)

• San Marino

• Captains Regent (1243–1500) –

• Ugolino di Giovanni, Betto di Guerolo, Captains Regent (1400–1401)
• Giovanni di Francesco, Bettino di Paolo, Captains Regent (1401)
• Bartolino di Antonio, Michelino di Paoluccio, Captains Regent (1401–1402)
• Gozio di Mucciolino, Landolino di Nicolino, Captains Regent (1402)
• Simone di Menghino, Rigone di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1402–1403)
• Vita di Corbello, Simone di Belluzzo, Captains Regent (1403)
• Martino di Guerolo de' Pistorj, Antonio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1403–1404)
• Paolino di Giovanni Bianco, Betto di Tura, Captains Regent (1404)
• Antonio di Tegna, Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1404–1405)
• Giovanni di Guidino, Bettino di Paolo, Michele di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1405)
• Marino di Ghino, Foschino di Benedetto Madroni, Captains Regent (1405–1406)
• Giovanni di Francesco de' Pistorj, Giovanni di Nino de' Gherardi, Captains Regent (1406)
• Antonio Lunardini, Giovanni di Pasino, Captains Regent (1406–1407)
• Gozio di Mucciolino, Giovanni di Cecco di Alessandro, Captains Regent (1407)
• Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Michelino di Paoluccio, Captains Regent (1407–1408)
• Bartolino di Antonio, Michelino di Berardo, Captains Regent (1408)
• Simone di Menghino de' Calcigni, Benedetto di Tosetto, Captains Regent (1408–1409)
• Giovanni di Francesco, Giacomino di Paolo, Captains Regent (1409)
• Rigone di Giovanni, Antonio di Tegna, Captains Regent (1409–1410)
• Vita di Corbello, Bettino di Paolo, Captains Regent (1410)
• Michelino di Paoluccio, Sante Lunardini, Captains Regent (1410–1411)
• Simone di Belluzzo, Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1411)
• Paolo di Carbone, Giovanni di Pasino Benvegnudi, Captains Regent (1411–1412)
• Simone di Menghino de' Calcigni, Foschino di Benedetto Madroni, Captains Regent (1412)
• Antonio di Segna, Giovanni di Ugolino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1412–1413)
• Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Giovanni di Paolino Vitola, Captains Regent (1413)
• Francesco di Bartoccino, Michelino di Paoluccio, Captains Regent (1413–1414)
• Antonio Lunardini, Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1414)
• Benedetto di Tosetto, Michelino di Berardo, Captains Regent (1414–1415)
• Bettino di Paolo, Silvestro di Cecco, Captains Regent (1415)
• Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1415–1416)
• Antonio Lunardini, Giovanni di Paolino Vitola, Captains Regent (1416)
• Michelino di Paoluccio, Giovanni di Pasino Benvegnudi, Captains Regent (1416–1417)
• Simone di Menghino Calcigni, Foschino di Benedetto Madroni, Captains Regent (1417)
• Giovanni di Ugolino di Giovanni, Cecco di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1417–1418)
• Sante Lunardini, Bettino di Paolo, Captains Regent (1418)
• Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Antonio di Tegna, Captains Regent (1418–1419)
• Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco, Foschino di Benedetto Madroni, Captains Regent (1419)
• Giovanni di Paolino Vitola, Benedetto di Tosetto, Captains Regent (1419–1420)
• Antonio di Tegna, Cristofaro di Paolo Carboni, Captains Regent (1420)
• Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1420–1421)
• Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Giovanni di Pasino Benvegnudi, Captains Regent (1421)
• Bettino di Paolo, Sante Lunardini, Captains Regent (1421–1422)
• Cristofaro di Paolo Carboni, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1422)
• Francesco di Bartoccino, Antonio di Benedetto Tosetto, Captains Regent (1422–1423)
• Antonio Lunardini, Simone di Menghino Calcigni, Captains Regent (1423)
• Antonio di Marino Di Fosco, Giovanni di Paolino Vitola, Captains Regent (1423–1424)
• Antonio di Tegna, Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1424)
• Sante Lunardini, Baldassarre di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1424–1425)
• Giovanni di Paolino, Antonio di Rigo, Captains Regent (1425)
• Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Lorenzo di Piero, Captains Regent (1425–1426)
• Francesco di Bartoccino, Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1426)
• Sante Lunardini, Francesco di Betto, Captains Regent (1426–1427)
• Cristofaro di Paolo, Antonio di Benedetto, Captains Regent (1427)
• Giovanni di Pasino, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1427–1428)
• Antonio di Tegna, Antonio di Marino di Fosco, Captains Regent (1428)
• Sante Lunardini, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1428–1429)
• Antonio di Rigo, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1429)
• Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Giovanni di Pasino Benvegnudi, Captains Regent (1429–1430)
• Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Giovanni di Antonio, Captains Regent (1430)
• Sante Lunardini, Benetino di Paolino, Captains Regent (1430–1431)
• Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Antonio di Rigo, Captains Regent (1431)
• Giovanni di Antonio, Antonio di Bartolino, Captains Regent (1431–1432)
• Luigi di Vita, Baldassarre di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1432)
• Sante Lunardini, Tommaso di Antonio, Captains Regent (1432–1433)
• Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1433)
• Antonio di Benedetto, Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1433–1434)
• Andrea di Michelino, Francesco di Betto, Captains Regent (1434)
• Benetino di Paolino, Luigi di Vita, Captains Regent (1434–1435)
• Giovanni di Antonio Lunardini, Ciono di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1435)
• Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1436)
• Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Michele di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1436–1437)
• Andrea di Cecco, Francesco di Bartolo, Captains Regent (1437)
• Francesco di Menghino, Giovanni di Antonio, Captains Regent (1437–1438)
• Niccolò di Michelino, Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1438)
• Tommaso di Antonio, Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1438–1439)
• Luigi di Vita, Niccolò di Sabattino, Captains Regent (1439)
• Sante Lunardini, Bianco di Antonio, Captains Regent (1439–1440)
• Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1440)
• Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1440–1441)
• Filippo di Giovanni Caccia, Niccolò di Michelino, Captains Regent (1441)
• Marino Calcigni, Tommaso di Antonio, Captains Regent (1441–1442)
• Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1442)
• Michele di Giovanni di Pasino, Bianco di Antonio, Captains Regent (1442–1443)
• Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Mengo di Antonio, Captains Regent (1443)
• Luigi di Vita, Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Captains Regent (1443–1444)
• Francesco di Niccolò, Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1444)
• Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1444–1445)
• Niccolò di Michelino, Bartolo di Francesco, Captains Regent (1445)
• Cristofaro di Paolo, Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1445–1446)
• Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Bartolo di Angelo di Ciono, Captains Regent (1446)
• Bianco d'Antonio, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1446–1447)
• Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Marino di Fosco (died during his term,
  replaced by Vita di Giovanni di Paolino), Captains Regent (1447)
• Francesco di Niccolò, Filippo di Antonio Madroni, Captains Regent (1447–1448)
• Barnaba di Antonio Lunardini, Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1448)
• Baldassarre di Giovanni, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1448–1449)
• Bartolo di Angelo di Ciono, Venturuccio di Lorenzo, Captains Regent (1449)
• Bianco di Antonio, Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1449–1450)
• Francesco di Simone Belluzzi, Matteo di Mucciolo (died during his term,
  replaced by Marino di Venturino), Captains Regent (1450)
• Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Mengo di Antonio, Captains Regent (1450–1451)
• Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1451)
• Niccolò di Michelino, Paolo di Angelo di Ciono, Captains Regent (1451–1452)
• Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1452)
• Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1452–1453)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Bartolo di Michele, Captains Regent (1453)
• Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Filippo di Antonio Madroni, Captains Regent (1453–1454)
• Bartolo di Antonio Tegna, Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1454)
• Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Francesco di Giuliano Righi, Captains Regent (1454–1455)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Andrea di Cecco, Captains Regent (1455)
• Giacomo d'Antonio Samaritani, Bartolo di Giovanni di Casalino, Captains Regent (1455–1456)
• Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1456)
• Niccolò di Michelino, Girolamo di Antonio, Captains Regent (1456–1457)
• Bianco di Antonio, Bartolo di Michele, Captains Regent (1457)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Marino di Venturino, Captains Regent (1457–1458)
• Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1458)
• Menghino di Francesco Calcigni, Andrea di Cecco (died 1459 and
  replaced by Bartolo di Michele Pasini), Captains Regent (1458–1459)
• Bianco di Antonio, Bartolo di Antonio, Captains Regent (1459)
• Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Polinoro di Antonio Lunardino, Captains Regent (1459–1460)
• Marino di Venturino, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1460)
• Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1460–1461)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Francesco di Giovanni Sabattini, Captains Regent (1461)
• Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Bianco di Antonio, Captains Regent (1461–1462)
• Bartolo di Antonio, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1462)
• Giacomo di Antonio Sammaritani, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1462–1463)
• Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Maurizio di Antonio, Captains Regent (1463)
• Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Pasquino di Antonio, Captains Regent (1463–1464)
• Marino Venturini, Simone di Cecco di Benetto, Captains Regent (1464)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Giovanni Calcigni, Captains Regent (1464–1465)
• Bianco di Antonio, Paolo di Angelo di Ciono, Captains Regent (1465)
• Bartolo di Antonio, Simone di Baldo, Captains Regent (1465–1466)
• Pasquino di Antonio, Marino di Venturino, Captains Regent (1466)
• Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1466–1467)
• Giacomo di Marino, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1467)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Maurizio di Antonio, Captains Regent (1467–1468)
• Marino di Venturino, Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1468)
• Lodovico di Marino Calcigni, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1468–1469)
• Bianco di Antonio, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1469)
• Bartolo di Antonio, Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Captains Regent (1469–1470)
• Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Paolo di Angelo di Ciono, Captains Regent (1470)
• Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Riccio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1470–1471)
• Giacomo di Marino, Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Captains Regent (1471)
• Giacomo d'Antonio Sammaritani, Marino di Venturino, Captains Regent (1471–1472)
• Maurizio di Antonio, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1472)
• Girolamo di Francesco Belluzzi, Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1472–1473)
• Cecco di Giovanni da Valle, Serafino di Michele, Captains Regent (1473)
• Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1473–1474)
• Bartolo di Antonio, Pasquino di Antonio, Captains Regent (1474)
• Serafino di Michele, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1474–1475)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Simone di Cecco di Benetto, Captains Regent (1475)
• Antonio di Marino, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1475–1476)
• Bianco di Antonio, Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Captains Regent (1476)
• Bartolo di Antonio, Marino di Venturino, Captains Regent (1476–1477)
• Simone di Cecco Benetto, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1477)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Lodovico di Michele Pasini, Captains Regent (1477–1478)
• Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1478)
• Marino di Venturino, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1478–1479)
• Antonio di Marino, Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1479)
• Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1479–1480)
• Riccio di Andrea, Marino Samaritani, Captains Regent (1480)
• Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Captains Regent (1480–1481)
• Marino di Venturino, Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1481)
• Bartolo di Antonio, Maurizio di Antonio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1481–1482)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Marino Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1482)
• Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Captains Regent (1482–1483)
• Antonio di Marino, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1483)
• Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Antonio di Girolamo, Captains Regent (1483–1484)
• Riccio di Andrea di Antonio, Simone di Marino di Giovanni, Captains Regent (1484)
• Giacomo di Marino, Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1484–1485)
• Maurizio di Antonio Lunardini, Bartolo di Pasquino, Captains Regent (1485)
• Sabatino di Bianco, Cristoforo di Cecco di Vita, Captains Regent (1485–1486)
• Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Valente di Paolo, Captains Regent (1486)
• Antonio di Bianco, Marino Sammaritani, Captains Regent (1486–1487)
• Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Marino di Simone Muccioli, Captains Regent (1487)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Captains Regent (1487–1488)
• Bartolo di Antonio, Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1488)
• Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Francesco di Antonio di Anastasio, Captains Regent (1488–1489)
• Giacomo di Marino, Antonio di Girolamo, Captains Regent (1489)
• Marino di Antonio Giannini, Gabriele di Bartolo, Captains Regent (1489–1490)
• Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1490)
• Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Marino Giangi, Captains Regent (1490–1491)
• Antonio di Bianco, Marino di Simone Muccioli, Captains Regent (1491)
• Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Matteo Tura, Captains Regent (1491–1492)
• Riccio di Andrea, Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1492)
• Cristoforo di Cecco di Vita, Bonifazio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1492–1493)
• Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Valente di Paolo, Captains Regent (1493)
• Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Francesco di Antonio di Anastasio, Captains Regent (1493–1494)
• Antonio di Girolamo, Marino di Simone Muccioli, Captains Regent (1494)
• Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Marino di Niccolò di Giovanetto, Captains Regent (1494–1495)
• Evangelista di Girolamo Belluzzi, Antonio di Polinoro Lunardini, Captains Regent (1495)
• Marino di Antonio Giannini, Antonio di Simone Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1495–1496)
• Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli, Sabatino di Bianco, Captains Regent (1496)
• Cristofaro di Cecco di Vita, Bonifazio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1496–1497)
• Antonio di Bianco, Andrea di Giorgio Loli, Captains Regent (1497)
• Matteo Tura, Antonio di Bartolomeo, Captains Regent (1497–1498)
• Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Valente di Paolo, Captains Regent (1498)
• Antonio di Girolamo, Marino di Antonio Giannini, Captains Regent (1498–1499)
• Marino di Niccolò di Giovanetto, Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1499)
• Cristoforo di Cecco di Vita, Bonifazio di Andrea, Captains Regent (1499–1500)
• Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Antonio di Maurizio Lunardini, Captains Regent (1500)
• Francesco di Girolamo Belluzzi, Simone di Antonio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1500–1501)

• Republic of Venice (complete list) –

• Michele Steno, Doge (1400–1413)[32]
• Tommaso Mocenigo, Doge (1413–1423)
• Francesco Foscari, Doge (1423–1457)
• Pasquale Malipiero, Doge (1457–1462)
• Cristoforo Moro, Doge (1462–1471)
• Nicolò Tron, Doge (1471–1473)
• Nicolò Marcello, Doge (1473–1474)
• Pietro Mocenigo, Doge (1474–1476)
• Andrea Vendramin, Doge (1476–1478)
• Giovanni Mocenigo, Doge (1478–1485)
• Marco Barbarigo, Doge (1485–1486)[33]
• Agostino Barbarigo, Doge (1486–1501)[34]

Southern Italy

• Kingdom of Naples (complete list) –

• Ladislaus I the Magnanimous, King (1386–1389, 1399–1414)
• Louis III, King (1417–1426)
• Joanna II, Queen (1414–1435)
• René I the Good, King (1435–1442)
• Alfonso I the Magnanimous, King (1442–1458)
• Ferdinand I, King (1458–1494)
• Alfonso II, King (1494–1495)
• Ferdinand II, King (1495–1496)
• Frederick I, King (1496–1501)

• Kingdom of Trinacria: Sicily (complete list) –

• Maria, Queen (1377–1401)
• Martin I, King (1390–1409)
• Martin II, King (1409–1410)
• Ferdinand I, King (1412–1416)
• Alfonso the Magnanimous, King (1416–1458)
• John, King (1458–1468)
• Ferdinand II, King (1468–1516)

• Principality of Taranto (complete list) –

• Raimondo del Balzo Orsini, Prince (1393–1406)
• Ladislaus of Durazzo, Prince (1406–1414)
• James II of Bourbon-La Marche, Prince (1414–1420)
• Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini, Prince (1420–1463)
• Isabella of Clermont, Princess (1463–1465)

Iberian Peninsula: Christian

• Crown of Aragon (complete list) –

• Martin, King (1396–1410)
• Ferdinand I the Honest, King (1412–1416)
• Alfonso V the Magnanimous, King (1416–1458)
• John II the Great, King (1458–1479)

• Henry IV, claimant king (1462–1463)
• Peter V, claimant king (1463–1466)
• René, claimant king (1466–1472)

• Ferdinand the Catholic, King (1479–1516)

• Crown of Castile (complete list) –

• Henry III the Infirm, King (1390–1406)
• John II, King (1406–1454)
• Henry IV the Impotent, King (1454–1474)
• Isabella I the Catholic, Queen (1474–1504)
• Ferdinand the Catholic, King (1475–1504)

• Principality of Catalonia (complete list) –

• Martin the Humanist, Count (1396–1410)

• Kingdom of Navarre (complete list) –

• Charles III, King (1387–1425)
• Blanche I, Queen (1425–1441)
• John II, King (1425–1441 de jure; 1425–1479 de facto)
• Charles IV, King (1441–1461 de jure)
• Blanche II, Queen (1461–1464 de jure)
• Eleanor, King (1464–1479 de jure; 1479 de facto)
• Francis Phoebus, King (1479–1483)
• Catherine, Queen (1483–1517)

• County of Ribagorza (complete list) –

• Alfonso I, Count (1365–1412)
• Alfonso II, Count (1412–1422)
• Alfonso III, Count (1469–1485)
• John, Count (1485–1512)

• Kingdom of Portugal / Portugal and the Algarves (complete list) –

• John I, King (1385–1433)
• Edward I, King (1433–1438)
• Afonso V, King (1438–1477, 1477–1481)
• John II, King (1477–1477, 1481–1495)
• Manuel I, King (1495–1521)

Marca Hispanica

• Andorra

• Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Galcerand de Vilanova, Episcopal Co-Prince (1387–1415)
• Francesc de Tovia, Episcopal Co-Prince (1415–1436)
• Arnau Roger de Pallars, Episcopal Co-Prince (1436–1461)
• Jaume de Cardona i Gandia, Episcopal Co-Prince (1461–1466)
• Roderic de Borja i Escrivà, Episcopal Co-Prince (1467–1472)
• Pedro Folc de Cardona / Pere de Cardona, Episcopal Co-Prince (1472–1512, 1513–1515)

• French Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Isabella, French Co-Princess (1398–1413)
• John I, French Co-Prince (1413–1436)
• Gaston IV, French Co-Prince (1436–1472)
• Francis Phoebus, French Co-Prince (1472–1483)
• Catherine, French Co-Princess (1483–1512, 1513–1517)

• County of Cerdanya (complete list) –

• Isabella, Count (1375–1403)

• County of Urgell (complete list) –

• Peter II of Urgell, Count (1347–1408)
• James II of Urgell, Count (1408–1413)

France

• Kingdom of France (complete list) –

• Charles VI, King (1380–1422)
• Henry VI of England, King, disputed (1422–1453)
• Charles VII, King, disputed (1422–1461)
• Louis XI, King (1461–1483)
• Charles VIII the Affable, King (1483–1515)

• Anjou (complete list) –

• Louis II, Duke (1377–1417)
• Louis III, Duke (1403–1434)
• René, Duke (1409–1480)
• Louise, Duke (1476–1531)

• Auvergne (complete list) –

• Joan II, Countess of Auvergne, Countess (1394–1422)
• John, Duke of Berry, Count (1394–1416)
• Georges de la Tremoille, Count (1416–1422)
• Marie I, Countess of Auvergne, Countess (1422–1437)
• Bertrand V of La Tour, Count (1437–1461)
• Bertrand VI of La Tour, Count (1461–1494)
• John III, Count of Auvergne, Count (1494–1501)

• County of Boulogne (complete list) –

• John III, Count (1386–1404)
• Joanna II, Countess (1404–1424)
• John IV, Count (1404–1416)
• George, Count (1416–1424)
• Mary II, Countess (1424–1437)
• Bertrand I, Count (1437–1461)
• Bertrand II, Count (1461–1497)
• John V, Count (1497–1501)

• Duchy of Brittany (complete list) –

• John V, Duke (1399–1442)
• Francis I, Duke (1442–1450)
• Peter II, Duke (1450–1457)
• Arthur III, Duke (1457–1458)
• Francis II, Duke (1458–1488)
• Anne, Duchess (1488–1514)

• Duchy of Burgundy (complete list) –

• Philip II the Bold, Duke (1363–1404)
• John the Fearless, Duke (1404–1419)
• Philip III the Good, Duke (1419–1467)
• Charles the Bold, Duke (1467–1477)
• Mary, Duchess (1477–1482)

• County of Maine (complete list) –

• Louis II, Count (1384–1417)
• Louis III, Count (1417–1434)
• René I of Naples, Count (1434–1441)
• Charles IV of Maine, Duke of Anjou, Count (1441–1472)
• Charles V of Maine, Duke of Anjou, Count (1480–1481)

• Monaco (complete list) –

• Louis, Lord (1395–1395, 1397–1402)
• Jean I, Lord (1395–1395, 1419–1454)
• Ambroise, Lord (1419–1427)
• Antonie, Lord (1419–1427)
• Catalan, Lord (1454–1457)
• Claudine, Lady (1457–1458)
• Lamberto, Lord (1458–1494)
• Jean II, Lord (1494–1505)

• County of Nevers (complete list) –

• John I, Count (1384–1404)
• Philip II, Count (1404–1415)
• Charles I, Count (1415–1464)
• John II, Count (1464–1491)
• Engelbert of Cleves, Count (1491–1506)

• County of Poitou (complete list) –

• John III, Count (1398–1417)
• Charles, Count (1403–1461)

Low Countries

• County of Artois (complete list) –

• Margaret II, Countess (1383–1405)
• John the Fearless, Count (1405–1419)
• Philip the Good, Count (1419–1467)
• Charles the Bold, Count (1467–1477)
• Philip I of Castile, Count (1482–1506)

For the succeeding rulers, see the County of Artois under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire

• County of Flanders (complete list) –

• Margaret III, Countess (1384–1405)
• John the Fearless, Count (1405–1419)
• Philip III the Good, Count (1419–1467)
• Charles II the Bold, Count (1467–1477)
• Mary the Rich, Countess (1477–1482)
• Philip IV the Handsome, Count (1482–1506)

• Gazikumukh Khanate (complete list) –

• Surkhay I, Shamkhal (16th century)
• Umal-Muhammad I, Shamkhal (1551)
• Budai I ibn Umal-Muhammad, Shamkhal (1566–1567)
• Surkhay I ibn Umal-Muhammad, Shamkhal (1567–1569)
• Chopan ibn Budai, Shamkhal (1569–?)

• Kingdom of Georgia (complete list) –

• George VII, King (1393–1407)
• Constantine I, King (1407–1411)
• Alexander I, King (1412–1442)
• Vakhtang IV, King (1442–1446)
• George VIII, King (1446–1465)
• Bagrat VI, usurper King (1465–1478)
• Alexander II, King (1478)
• Constantine II, King (1478–1505)

• Kingdom of Imereti (complete list) –

• Constantine II, King (1396–1401)
• Demetrius I, King (1401–1455)
• Demetrius II, King (1446–1452)
• Bagrat II, King (1463–1478)
• Alexander II, King (1478–1510)

• Kingdom of Kakheti (complete list) –

• George VIII, King (1465–1476)
• Alexander I, King (1476–1511)

• Kingdom of Kartli (complete list) –

• Constantine II, King (1478–1505)