List of state leaders in the 17th century

This is a list of state leaders in the 17th century (1601–1700) AD, except for the leaders within the Holy Roman Empire, and the leaders within South Asia.

State leaders in the 16th centuryState leaders in the 18th centuryState leaders by year

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 17th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

Angola

Kwilu dynasty
Kinkanga dynasty
Kwilu dynasty
Kimpanzu dynasty
Kinlaza dynasty
Civil War: Awenekongo
  • Manuel of Lovata, Awenekongo (1678–1715)
  • Mwongo Matamba, Queen (?–1631)
  • Nzinga Mbande, Queen (1631–1663)
  • Barbara, Queen (1663–1666)
  • Njinga Mona, King (1666–1669)
  • João, King (1669–1670)
  • Njinga Mona, King (1670–1680)
  • Francisco I, King (1680–1681)
  • Verónica I, Queen (1681–1721)
Colony, 1575–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

  • Ambebi Ferh, King (1570–1635)
  • Nebanfor, King (1635–1677)
  • Chunga, King (1677–1708)
  • Ngapna, Mfon (1590–1629)
  • Ngouloure, Mfon (1629–1672)
  • Koutou, Mfon (1672–1757)

Chad

  • ‘Abdallah, Mbangi (1568–1608)
  • ‘Umar (1608–1625)
  • Dalai, Mbangi (1625–1635)
  • Burkomanda I, Mbangi (1635–1665)
  • ‘Abdul Rahman I, Mbangi (1665–1674)
  • Dalo Birni, Mbangi (1674–1680)
  • ‘Abdul Qadir I, Mbangi (1680–1707)

Congo: Belgian

  • Shamba Bolongongo, Nyim (c.1600)
  • Bongo Lenge, Nyim (17th century)
  • Golo Bosh, Nyim (17th century)
  • Boni Bosh, Nyim (17th century)
  • Kongo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (17th century)
  • Bo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (c.1680)
  • Golo Boke, Nyim (late 17th century)
  • Bokere Boke, Nyim (late 17th century)
  • KotomBoke, Nyim (17th or 18th century)
  • Cibind Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1600–c.1630)
  • Yaav I a Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1630–c.1660)
  • Yaav II a Nawej, Mwaantaangaand (c.1660–c.1690)
  • Mbala I Yaav, Mwaant Yaav (c.1690–c.1720)

Congo: French

  • Moe Poaty I Kamangou, King (16th or 17th century)
  • Ngouli N'Kama Loembe, King (17th century)
  • N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi, King (late 17th century)

Gabon

  • Reto Ndongo, Founder (c.1700–?)

São Tomé and Príncipe

Colony, 1470–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Africa: East

Great Lakes area

Burundi
  • Ntare I Rushatsi Cambarantama, King (c.1530–c.1550)
  • Mwezi I Baridamunka, King (c.1550–c.1580)
  • Mutaga I Mutabazi, King (c.1580–c.1600)
  • Mwambutsa I Nkomati, King (c.1600–c.1620)
  • Ntare II Kibogora, King (c.1620–c.1650)
  • Mwezi II Nyaburunga, King (c.1650–c.1680)
  • Ntare I, King (c.1680–c.1709)
Kenya
Rwanda
Uganda
  • Cwamali, Omukama
  • Masamba, Omukama
  • Anabwani I, Omukama (late 17th century)
  • Kyebambe I, Omukama
  • Winyi III, Omukama
  • Nyaika, Omukama

Horn of Africa area

Ethiopia
  • Magela, Tato (1600–1630)
  • Daro, Tato (1630–1660)
  • Chowaka, Tato (1660–1690)
  • Leliso, Tato (1690–1720)
  • Ambiraj, Tato (1567–1600)[3]
  • Magela, Tato (1600–1630)
  • Daro, Tato (1630–1660)
  • Chowaka, Tato (1660–1690)
  • Leliso, Tato (1690–1720)
  • ʿAli ibn Dā'ūd, Emīr (1647–1662)
  • Hāshim ibn ʿAli, Emīr (1662–1671)
  • ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAli, Emīr (1671–1700)
  • Ṭalḥa ibn ʿAbdullah, Emīr (1700–1721)
  • Bong-he or Borrete or Bongatato, King (1565–1605)
  • Giba Nekiok or Bonge or Galo Nechocho, King (1605–1640)
  • Gali Gafocho or Gali Ginok, King (1640–1675)
  • Gali Ginocho or Tan Ginok, King (1675–1710)
  • Badancho, Hinnare-tato (c.1580–1603)
  • Benero, Hinnare-tato (c.1605–1619)
  • Sysgayo, Hinnare-tato (c.1619–1630)
  • Emana Krestos, Hinnare-tato (c.1630–1640)
  • Gumičo, Hinnare-tato (c.1650–1645)
  • Techochi, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century)
  • Gaha Nechocho, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century)
  • Gawa Sherocho, Hinnare-tato (late 17th century)
  • Gazenja, Kawa (17th century)
  • Gazenya
  • Addayo, Kawa (17th century)
Somalia
  • Warsangali Sultanate (complete list) –
  • Garaad Abdale, King (1585–1612)
  • Garaad Ali, King (1612–1655)
  • Garaad Mohamud IV, King (1655–1675)
  • Garaad Naleye, King (1675–1705)

Indian Ocean

Comoros

Madagascar

Africa: Northcentral

Tunisia

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Sudan

  • Sulayman Solong, Sultan (c.1660–c.1680)
  • Musa Sulayman, Sultan (c.1680–?)

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

Vassal state, 1671–1830
  • Ismail, Pasha (1659–1686)
  • Mezzo Morto Hüseyin, Pasha (1686–1687)
  • Mustapha V, Pasha (1694)
  • Umar Pasha, Pasha (1694–1695)
  • Musa, Pasha (1695–1698)
  • Umar Pasha, Pasha (1698–1700)
Pashas without power, 1700–1711

Morocco

Succession war: 1603–1627

Africa: South

Angola

under Portuguese vassalage
  • Hari a Kiluanje, King (1626)
  • Hari, King (1626–1657)
of Ndongo-Matamba;
of the state of Pungo a Ndongo;

Mozambique

Colony, 1498–1972
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

South Africa

Company rule of the Dutch East India Company, 1652–1795; British occupation, 1795–1803
For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Zimbabwe

  • Gatsi Rusere, Mwenemutapa (1589–1623)
  • Nyambu Kapararidze, Mwenemutapa (1623–1629)
becomes a Portuguese vassal (1629)
  • Mavura Mhande Felipe, Mwenemutapa (1629–1652)
  • Siti Kazurukamusapa, Mwenemutapa (1652–1663)
becomes a Rozwi Vassal (1663)
  • Kamharapasu Mukombwe, Mwenemutapa (1663–1692)
  • Nyakambira, Mwenemutapa (1692–1694)
returns to Portuguese vassalage (1694)
  • Nyamaende Mhande, Mwenemutapa (1694–1707)
  • Changamire Dombo, King (c.1660–c.1695)

Africa: West

Benin

  • Ehengbuda, Oba (1580–1602)[9]
  • Ohuan, Oba (1602–1656)
  • Ohenzae, Oba (1656–1661)
  • Akenzae, Oba (1661–1669)
  • Akengboi, Oba (1669–1675)
  • Akenkpaye, Oba (1675–1684)
  • Akengbedo, Oba (1684–1689)
  • Ore-Oghene, Oba (1689–1701)
  • Té-Agbanlin, Ahosu (1688–1729)

Burkina Faso

  • Kampadiboaghi, Nunbado (1571–1615)
  • Kampadi, Nunbado (1615–1659)
  • Tantiari, Nunbado (1659–1684)
  • Lissoangui, Nunbado (1684–1709)

Cape Verde

Colony, 1462–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ghana

  • Mumunumfi, Agonahene (1588–1620)
  • Mumunumfi, Denkyirahene (1620–1624)
  • Werempe Ampem, Denkyirahene (1624–1637)
  • Boa Amponsem I, Denkyirahene (1637–1695)
  • Ntim Gyakari, Denkyirahene (1695–1701)

Guinea-Bissau

Colony, 1474–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Mali

  • Nanka Traoré, Faama (c.1650–?)

Niger

  • al-Mustafa, Askiya (c.1600)
  • Muhammad Sorko-ije, Askiya (early 17th century)
  • Harun Dankataya, Askiya (early 17th century)
  • al-Amin, Askiya (1611–1618)[10]
  • Dawud II, Askiya (1618–1639)[11]
  • Ismail, Askiya (c.1639)
  • Muhammad, Askiya (1639)
  • Dawud III, Askiya (1639–?)
  • Muhammad Borgo, Askiya (early 17th century)
  • Mar-Chindin, Askiya (early 17th century)
  • Nuh II, Askiya (early 17th century)
  • Muhammad Al-Borko, Askiya (early 17th century)
  • Al-Hajj, Askiya (mid 17th century)
  • Ismail, Askiya (mid 17th century)
  • Dawud III, Askiya (c.1655)

Nigeria

  • Muhammed VI Bukalmarami, Mai (1596–1612)
  • Ibrahim III of Bornu, Mai (1612–1619)
  • Umar, Mai (1619–1639)
  • Ali II, Mai (1639–1677)
  • Idris IV of Bornu, Mai (1677–1696)
  • Dunama VII, Mai (1696–1715)
  • Abipa, Alaafin (c.1600–?)
  • Obalokun, Alaafin (17th century)
  • Oluodo, Alaafin (17th century)
  • Ajagbo, Alaafin (17th century)
  • Odarawu, Alaafin (17th century)
  • Kanran, Alaafin (17th century)
  • Jayin, Alaafin (17th century or 18th century)
  • Muhammad Zaki, Sultan (1582–1618)
  • Muhammad Nazaki, Sultan (1618–1623)
  • Kutumbi, Sultan (1623–1648)
  • al-Hajj, Sultan (1648–1649)
  • Shekarau (emir), Sultan (1649–1651)
  • Muhammad Kukuna, Sultan (1651–1652, 1652–1660)
  • Soyaki, Sultan (1652)
  • Bawa, Sultan (1660–1670)
  • Dadi, Sultan (1670–1703)

Senegal

  • Gireun Buri Dyelen, Buur-ba (1597–1605)
  • Birayma Penda, Buur-ba (1605–1649)
  • Birayma Mba, Buur-ba (1649–1670)
  • Bakar Penda, Buur-ba (1670–1711)
  • Lat Sukabe, Damel (1697–1719)

Sierra Leone

  • Naimbanna I, Bai (1680–1720)

Americas

Asia

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

  • Esim, Khan (1598–1628)
  • Zhangir, Khan (1628–1652)
  • Batyr, Khan (1652–1680)
  • Tauke, Khan (1680–1718)

Mongolia

Tajikistan

  • Muhammad, Khan (1591–1610)
  • Shudja ad-Din Ahmad, Khan (1610–1618)
  • Kuraysh, Khan (1618)
  • Abd al-Latif, Khan (1618–1630)
  • Ahmad, Khan (1630–1633)
  • Mahmud, Khan (1633–1636)
  • Ahmad, Khan (1636–1638)
  • Abdullah, Khan (1638–1669)
  • Nur ad-Din, Khan (1667–1668)
  • Ismail, Khan (1669–1670)
  • YuIbars, Khan (1669–1670)
  • Abd al Latif, Khan (1670)
  • Ismail, Khan (1670–1680)
  • Abd ar-Rashid II, Khan (1680–1682)
  • Muhammad Amin, Khan (1682–1692)
  • Abakh Khoja, Khan (1692–1694)
  • Yahiya Khoja, Khan (1694–1695)
  • Hanim Padsha, Khatun (1695)
  • Akbash, Khan (1695–1705)

Tibet

  • Khri Grags pa'i dBang phyug, King (c.1600)
  • Khri Nam rgyal Grags pa lde, King (fl. 1618)
  • Khri bKra shis Grags pa lde, King (pre-1622–1630)

Uzbekistan

  • Haji Muhammad I, Khan (1558–1602)
  • Arab Muhammad I, Khan (1602–1623)
  • Isfandiyar, Khan (1623–1643)
  • Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, Khan (1643–1663)
  • Anusha, Khan (1663–1685)
  • unnamed, Khan (1685–1714)
  • Khudaydad, Khan (1685–1687)
  • Muhammad Awrang I, Khan (1687–1694)
  • Chuchaq, Khan (1694–1697)
  • Vali, Khan (1697–1698)
  • Ishaq Agha Shah Niyaz, Khan (1698–1701)
  • Kho Orluk, Khan (1633–1644)
  • Shukhur Daichin, Khan (1644–1661)
  • Puntsug, Khan (1661–1672)
  • Ayuka, Khan (1672–1723)

Asia: East

China

Japan

Tributary state of the Ming dynasty, 1429–1644
Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872

Korea

Mongolia

Asia: Southeast

Brunei

Cambodia

Indonesia

Indonesia: Java
  • Arya Salempe, King (16th/17th century)
  • Pangeran Dalem, King (?–1619)
  • Sunan Prapen, Sultan (1548–1605)
  • Panembahan Kawis Gua, Sultan (1605–1621)
  • Panembahan Agung, Sultan (1621–1626)
  • Panembahan Mas Witana, Sultan (1626–1680)
  • Panembahan Rama, Adipati (16th/17th century)
  • Pangeran Surabaya, Adipati (16th/17th century)
  • Pangeran Sunjaya, Adipati (17th century)
  • Raden Jayalengkara, Adipati (?–1625)
  • Mas Karian, King (?–1632)
  • Sunan Tawang Alun I, King (1633–1639)
  • Tawang Alun II, King (1665–1691)
  • Pangeran Pati, King (1691)
  • Sasranegara, Co-King (1691–1692)
  • Mancanapura, King (1691–1697)
  • Pangeran Putr, King (1697–1736)
  • Adipati Pekik, King (?–1614)[21]
  • Ki Gede Kapulungan, Regent (c.1614–1616/17)
  • Surapati, Wiranegara I, Sultan (1686–1706)
  • Pangeran Ratu, Sultan (1596–1651)[22]
  • Abu’lma’ali Ahmad, Sultan (1638–c.1650)
  • Ageng Tirtayasa, Sultan (1651–1683)
  • Abu an-Nasr, Sultan (1682–1687)
  • Abdul Fadhl, Sultan (1687–1690)
  • Abdul Mahasin Muhammad Zainulabidin, Sultan (1690–1733)
  • Panembahan Ratu, Sultan (c.1570–1649)
  • Panembahan Girilaya, Sultan (c.1650–1662)
Split into the Kraton Kasepuhan, Kraton Kanoman, Kraton Kacirebonan, Panembahan Cirebon lines
  • Sepuh I Syamsuddin, Sultan (1662–1697)[23]
  • Sepuh II Jamaluddin, Sultan (1697–1723)
  • Anom I Badruddin, Sultan (1662–1703)[24]
  • Panembahan Cirebon I Muhammad Nasruddin, Sultan (1662–1714)[25]
  • Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin, Sultan (1697–1723)[26]
  • Raden Kara, Sultan (1592/6–1621)[27]
  • Pangeran Mas, Sultan (1621–1624)
  • Cakraningrat I, Sultan (1624–1648)
  • Raden Demang Malaya Kusuma, Regent (1648–1656)
  • Cakraningrat II, Sultan (1648–1707)
  • Pangeran Wetan, Sultan (c.1600)[28]
  • Pangeran Ellor II, Sultan (?–1624)
  • Kyai Mas Anggadipa, Sultan (1624–?)
  • Arya Yang Pati, Sultan (?–1671)
  • Yudanegara, Sultan (1671–1684)
  • Pulang Jiwa, Sultan (1684–1702)
  • Adikara I, Sultan (1685–1708)[29]
Indonesia: Sumatra
  • Panglima Dewa Sakti, Raja (1580–1612)
  • Kahar bin Panglima Dewa Sakdi, Raja (1612–1673)
  • Bendahara Raja Badiuzzaman, Raja (1673–1750)
  • Jambi Sultanate
    Hilir Jambi, Sultan (1687–1696)
    Sultan Sri Maharaja Batu, Sultan (1690–1721)
Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)
  • Mustain Billah, Sultan (1595–1638)
  • Inayatullah bin Mustainbillah, Sultan (1642–1647)
  • Saidullah, Sultan (1647–1660)
  • Ri'ayatullah, Sultan (1660–1663)
  • Amrullah Bagus Kasuma, Sultan (1663–1679)
  • Agung/Pangeran Suryanata II, Sultan (1663–1679)
  • Amrullah Bagus Kasuma, Sultan (1679–1700)
  • Tahmidullah I, Sultan (1700–1717)
  • Kelana, Putera Singa Laut, Wira (1618–1640)
  • Keranda, Putera Wira Kelana, Wira (1640–1695)
  • Digendung, putra Wira Keranda, Wira (1695–1731)
  • Aji Pangeran Sinum Panji Mendapa, Sultan (c.1635–1650)
  • Timbang Paseban, Governor, Sultan (1600–1609)
  • Sepudak, King (1609–1632)
  • Anom Kesumayuda, King (1632–1670)
  • Muhammad Shafi ud-din I, Sultan (1675–1685)
  • Muhammad Taj ud-din I, Sultan (1685–1708)
  • Abang Pencin Pontin, Prince (c.1600–1643)
  • Tunggal, Prince (c.1643–1672)
  • Sri Paduka Muhammad Shams ud-din Sa'id ul-Khairiwaddien Sultan Nata, Sultan (1672–1738)
Indonesia: Sulawesi
  • Latenri Tuppu Matinro Ri Sidenreng, King (c.1605)
  • Alau'ddin, Sultan (1593–1639)
  • Malikussaid (Muhammad Said), Sultan (1639–1653)
  • Hasanuddin, Sultan (1653–1669)
  • Amir Hamzah, Sultan (1669–1674)
  • Muhammad Ali (Karaeng Bisei), Sultan (1674–1677)
  • Abdul Jalil, Sultan (1677–1709)
  • Andi Pattiware’ Daeng Parabung, Datu (1587–1615)
  • Patipasaung, Datu (1615–1637)
  • La Basso, Datu (1637–1663)
  • Settiaraja, Datu (1663–1704)
  • Petta Matinroe’ ri Polka, Datu (1660s)
Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands
  • Ola Adobala, Raja (c.1665)
  • Luis, Raja (c.1675)
  • Abdul Kahir, Sultan (c.1620–1640)
  • Ambela Abu'l-Khair Sirajuddin, Sultan (1640–1682)
  • Nuruddin Abubakar Ali Syah, Sultan (1682–1687)
  • Jamaluddin Ali Syah, Sultan (1687–1696)
  • Hasanuddin Muhammad Ali Syah, Sultan (1697–1731)
Indonesia: West Timor
  • Pedro of Batumean, Raja (c.1642)
  • João of Batumean, Raja (c.1645)
  • Dom António I, Raja (?–1665)[30]
  • Dom Tomás, Raja (1665–?)
  • Dom António II, Raja (c.1688)
  • Sebastião, Raja (c.1652)
  • Saroro Neno, Raja (c.1655)
  • Ama Kefi Meu, Raja (1666–1704)
  • Ama Tuan/ Ama Utang, Emperor (c.1650–c.1680)[31]
  • Ama Tuan II, Raja (1659–1672)[32]
  • Bi Sonbai/ Usi Tetu Utang, Queen (1672–1717)
Indonesia: Maluku Islands
  • Alauddin I, Sultan (1581–c.1609)[33]
  • Nurusalat, Sultan (c.1609–1649)
  • Muhammad Ali, Sultan (1649–1660)
Dutch protectorate 1667–1942
  • Alauddin II, Sultan (1660–1706)
  • Kodrat, Sultan (?–c.1605)[34]
  • Dua, Sultan (c.1605–1613)
  • Raja Buka, Sultan (1613–1656)
  • Kaicil Alam, Sultan (c.1679–1684)
  • Mole Majimu, Sultan (1599–1627)[35]
  • Ngarolamo, Sultan (1627–1634)
  • Gorontalo, Sultan (1634–1639)
  • Saidi, Sultan (1640–1657)
  • Saifuddin, Golofino, Sultan (1657–1689)
Dutch protectorate 1657–1905
  • Hamza Faharuddin, Sultan (1689–1705)
  • Said Barakat Shah, Sultan (1583–1606)
  • Muzaffar Shah I, Sultan (1607–1627)
  • Hamzah, Sultan (1627–1648)
  • Mandar Shah/ Manlarsaha, Sultan (1648–1650)
  • Manilha, Sultan (1650–1655)
  • Mandar Shah, Sultan (1655–1675)
Dutch protectorate 1683–1915
  • Sibori, Sultan (1675–1689)
  • Said Fathullah, Sultan (1689–1714)

Laos

  • Kham Sanh, King (1651–1688)
  • Kam Lan, King (1688–1700)

Malaysia

Peninsular Malaysia
  • Muhammad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim, Sultan (1597–1602)
  • Addil ud-din, Sultan (1579–1597, 1602–1605)
  • Samir ud-din, Sultan (1605–1616)
  • 'Abdu'l Kadir, Sultan (1616–1637)
  • Sakti I, Raja (1637–1649)
  • Loyor bin Raja Sakti I, Raja (1649–1663)
  • Puteri Saadong, Raja (1663–1667)
  • Sa'adong I, Rata (1667–1671)
  • Abdul Rahim, Sultan (1671–1676)
  • Omar Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Sakti I, Sultan (1675–1721)
Malacca dynasty
  • Alauddin Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1594–1603)
  • Mukaddam Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1603–1619)
  • Ahmad Mansur Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1619–1627)
  • Mahmud Riayat Shah I, Sultan (1627–1630)
  • Sallehuddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1630–1636)
Siak dynasty
  • Muzaffar Riayat Shah II, Sultan (1636–1653)
  • Mahmud Iskandar Shah, Sultan (1653–1720)
Malaysian Borneo

Myanmar / Burma

Philippines

  • Batarah Shah Tengah, Sultan (1596–1608)
  • Muwallil Wasit I, Sultan (1610–1650)
  • Muhammad Kudarat, Sultan of Maguindanao (1619–1671), Sultan of Sulu as Nasir ud-Din II (1645–1648)
  • Salah ud-Din, Sultan (1649/50–1680)
  • Ali Shah, Sultan (late 17th century)
  • Nur ul-Azam, ruler (late 17th century)
  • Shahab ud-Din, Sultan (1685–1710)
  • Kapitan Laut Buisan, Sultan (1597–1619)
  • Muhammad Kudarat, Sultan of Maguindanao (1619–1671), Sultan of Sulu as Nasir ud-Din II (1645–1648)
  • Barahaman, Sultan (c.1678–1699)
  • Kahar Ud-din Kuda, Sultan (?–1702)
Colony, 1565–1901
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Taiwan

Thailand

Sukhothai dynasty
Prasat Thong dynasty
Ban Phlu Luang dynasty
  • Nawrahta Minsaw, King (1579–1607/08)
  • Thado Minsaw (Phra Choi), King (1607/08–1608/09)
  • Minye Deibba (Phra Chaiyathip), King (1608/09–1614)
  • Thado Kyaw, King (1614)
  • Si Songmueang, King (1615–1631)
  • Thipphanet, Lord (1631–1655)
  • Phra Saenmueang, King (1655–1659)
  • King of Phrae, King (1659–1672)
  • Uengsae of Ava, Viceroy (1672–1675)
  • Che Putarai, King (1675–1707)
Inland dynasty
First Kelantanese dynasty
  • Bakal, Raja (1688–1690 or 1651–1670)
  • Emas Kelantan, Raja (1690–1704 or 1670–1698)
  • Emas Chayam, Queen (1704–1707 or 1698–1702 and 1716–1718)

Vietnam

  • Po Ro Me, King (1627–1651)
  • Po Niga, King (1652–1660)
  • Po Saut, King (1660–1692)
  • Po Saktirai da putih, King (1695–1728)

Asia: South

See also List of state leaders in the 17th-century south Asia

Asia: West

Iran

  • Faqi Ahmad, Prince (1649–1670)
  • Sulaiman Baba, Prince (1670–1703)

Oman

Saudi Arabia

  • Barak bin Ghurair bin Masoud Al Hamid, Emir (1669–1682)
  • Muhammad bin Ghurair, Emir (1682–1691)
  • Sa'dun bin Muhammad, Emir (1691–1722)

Turkey

Yemen

  • Dscha'far ibn 'Abdallah al-Kathir, Sultan (1670–1690)
  • Badr ibn Dscha'far al-Kathir, Sultan (1690–1707)
  • Afif, ruler (1681–1700)
  • Qahtan ibn Afif, ruler (1700–1720)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

  • Ruvim II, Prince-bishop (1593–1636)
  • Mardarije I, Prince-bishop (1639–1649)
  • Visarion I, Prince-bishop (1649–1659)
  • Mardarije II, Prince-bishop (1659–1673)
  • Ruvim III, Prince-bishop (1673–1685)
  • Vasilije II, Prince-bishop (1685)
  • Visarion II, Prince-bishop (1685–1692)
  • Sava Očinić, Prince-bishop (1694–1696)
  • Danilo I, Prince-bishop (1696–1735)

Europe: British Isles

  • Elizabeth I, Queen of England and Ireland (1558–1603)
  • James VI, King of Scotland (1567–1625), King of England and Ireland (1603–1625)
  • Charles I, King (1625–1649)
  • Charles I, King of Scotland (1649–1651, 1660–1685), King of England and Ireland (1660–1685)
  • James VII, King (1685–1688)
  • Mary II, Queen co-regnant (1689–1694) and William II, King co-regnant (1689–1702)

Ireland

  • Edmond, ruler (1596–1601)
  • Owen, ruler (1601–1609)
  • Tadhg Ó Ruairc, Lord (1600–1605)

Europe: Central

See also List of state leaders in the 17th-century Holy Roman Empire
  • Rudolph II, Emperor Elect (1576–1612), King (1575–1612)
  • Matthias, Emperor Elect (1612–1619), King (1612–1618)
  • Ferdinand II, Emperor Elect (1619–1637), King (1618–1637)
  • Ferdinand III, Emperor Elect (1637–1657), King (1636–1657)
  • Ferdinand IV, co-King (1653–1654)
  • Leopold I, Emperor Elect, King (1658–1705)
  • Rudolf Coraduz von und zu Nußdorf, Vice Chancellor (1597–1606)
  • Leopold von Stralendorf, Vice Chancellor (1606–1612)
  • Hans Ludwig von Ulm, Vice Chancellor (1612–1627)
  • Peter Heinrich von Stralendorf, Vice Chancellor (1627–1637)
  • Ferdinand Sigismund Graf Kurtz von Senftenau, Vice Chancellor (1637–1659)
  • Wilderich von Walderdorff, Vice Chancellor (1660–1669)
  • Leopold Wilhelm Graf von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Vice Chancellor (1669–1694)
  • Gottlieb Amadeus Graf von Windisch-Graetz, Vice Chancellor (1694–1695)
  • Dominik Andreas I. von Kaunitz, Vice Chancellor (1698–1705)

Hungary

Poland

Europe: East

Europe: Nordic

Denmark–Norway

Sweden

  • Charles IX, Regent (1599–1604), King (1604–1611)

Europe: Southcentral

See also List of state leaders in the 17th-century Holy Roman Empire#Italy
  • Alberico I Cybo-Malaspina, Marquis (1554–1623), Prince and Marquis (1558–1623)
  • Carlo I Cybo-Malaspina, Prince and Marquis (1623–1662)
  • Alberico II Cybo-Malaspina, Prince and Marquis (1662–1690)
  • Alberico II Cybo-Malaspina, Prince and Marquis (1662–1664), Duke and Prince (1664–1690)
  • Carlo II Cybo-Malaspina, Duke and Prince (1690–1710)
  • Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Fabrizio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1600–1601)
  • Lorenzo Martelli, Liberio Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1601)
  • Girolamo Gozi, Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1601–1602)
  • Giuliano Gozi, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1602)
  • Giambattista Belluzzi, Francesco Maria Corbelli, Captains Regent (1602–1603)
  • Orazio Belluzzi, Scipione Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1603)
  • Francesco Bonelli, Lattanzio Valli, Captains Regent (1603–1604)
  • Pier Francesco Bonetti, Giambattista Fabbri, Captains Regent (1604)
  • Pier Marino Cionini, Annibale Gozi, Captains Regent (1604–1605)
  • Tiberio Gabrielli, Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1605)
  • Girolamo Gozi, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1605–1606)
  • Pier Matteo Belluzzi, Fabrizio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1606)
  • Annibale Belluzzi, Giuliano Fattori, Captains Regent (1606–1607)
  • Lorenzo Martelli, Leone Pellicieri, Captains Regent (1607)
  • Camillo Bonelli, Giambattista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1607–1608)
  • Pier Francesco Bonelli, Giuliano Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1608)
  • Pietro Tosini Corbelli, Teodoro Leonardelli, Captains Regent (1608–1609)
  • Orazio Belluzzi, Orazio Giangi, Captains Regent (1609)
  • Girolamo Gozi, Lattanzio Valli, Captains Regent (1609–1610)
  • Fabrizio Belluzzi, Giambattista Fabbri, Captains Regent (1610)
  • Gio. Andrea Belluzzi, Sebastiano Onofri, Captains Regent (1610–1611)
  • Pier Marino Cionini, Annibale Gozi, Captains Regent (1611)
  • Francesco Bonelli, Belluzzo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1611–1612)
  • Pier Francesco Bonetti, Francesco Maria Corbelli, Captains Regent (1612)
  • Pietro Tosini Corbelli, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1612–1613)
  • Camillo Bonelli, Lattanzio Valli, Captains Regent (1613)
  • Annibale Belluzzi, Giambattista Fabbri, Captains Regent (1613–1614)
  • Gio. Andrea Belluzzi, Fabrizio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1614)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Teodoro Leonardelli, Captains Regent (1614–1615)
  • Girolamo Gozi, Francesco Giannini, Captains Regent (1615)
  • Orazio Belluzzi, Flaminio Cionini, Captains Regent (1615–1616)
  • Pier Francesco Bonetti, Francesco Bonelli, Captains Regent (1616)
  • Camillo Bonelli, Belluzzo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1616–1617)
  • Annibale Belluzzi, Giambattista Fabbri, Captains Regent (1617)
  • Gio. Andrea Belluzzi, Lattanzio Valli, Captains Regent (1617–1618)
  • Fabrizio Belluzzi, Gabriele Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1618)
  • Girolamo Gozi, Gio. Pietro Martelli, Captains Regent (1618–1619)
  • Francesco Giannini, Annibale Gozi, Captains Regent (1619)
  • Orazio Belluzzi, Andrea Giannini, Captains Regent (1619–1620)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Teodoro Leonardelli, Captains Regent (1620)
  • Camillo Bonelli, Belluzzo Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1620–1621)
  • Bernardino Belluzzi, Lattanzio Valli, Captains Regent (1621)
  • Gio. Andrea Belluzzi, Fabrizio Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1621–1622)
  • Girolamo Gozi, Pier Marino Ricci, Captains Regent (1622)
  • Annibale Belluzzi, Marino Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1622–1623)
  • Giacomo Bonetti, Annibale Gozi, Captains Regent (1623)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Enea Bonelli, Captains Regent (1623–1624)
  • Pietro Tosini Corbelli, Gian Giacomo Serafini, Captains Regent (1624)
  • Lattanzio Valli, Michel Angelo Busignani, Captains Regent (1624–1625)
  • Orazio Belluzzi, Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1625)
  • Camillo Bonelli, Giambattista Fabbri, Captains Regent (1625–1626)
  • Francesco Giannini, Livio Pellicieri, Captains Regent (1626)
  • Belluzzo Belluzzi, Pier Marino Ricci, Captains Regent (1626–1627)
  • Annibale Loli, Pier Antonio Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1627)
  • Pietro Tosini Corbelli, Andrea Giannini, Captains Regent (1627–1628)
  • Lattanzio Valli, Sforza Cionini, Captains Regent (1628)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Michel Angelo Busignani, Captains Regent (1628–1629)
  • Marc'Antonio Bonetti, Gian Giacomo Serafini, Captains Regent (1629)
  • Orazio Belluzzi, Federico Gozi, Captains Regent (1629–1630)
  • Livio Pellicieri, Pier Marino Ricci, Captains Regent (1630)
  • Belluzzo Belluzzi, Rinaldo Ranieri, Captains Regent (1630–1631)
  • Melchiorre Maggio Belluzzi, Pier Antonio Giangi, Captains Regent (1631)
  • Fulgenzio Maccioni, Vincenzo Zampini, Captains Regent (1631–1632)
  • Pietro Tosini, Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1632)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Sforza Cionini, Captains Regent (1632–1633)
  • Marc'Antonio Bonetti, Bartolomeo Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1633)
  • Torquato Giannini, Bartolomeo Fabbri, Captains Regent (1633–1634)
  • Lattanzio Valli, Federico Gozi, Captains Regent (1634)
  • Orazio Belluzzi, Vincenzo Lorenzoni, Captains Regent (1634–1635)
  • Livio Pellicieri, Paolo Antonio Onofri, Captains Regent (1635)
  • Giuliano Gozi, Stefano Ricci, Captains Regent (1635–1636)
  • Fulgenzio Maccioni, Giuliano Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1636)
  • Marc'Antonio Bonetti, Bartolomeo Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1636–1637)
  • Pietro Tosini, Giambattista Loli, Captains Regent (1637)
  • Melchiorre Maggio Belluzzi, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1637–1638)
  • Claudio Belluzzi, Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1638)
  • Livio Pellicieri, Federico Tosini, Captains Regent (1638–1639)
  • Vincenzo Lorenzoni, Paolo Antonio Onofri, Captains Regent (1639)
  • Fulgenzio Maccioni, Annibale Loli, Captains Regent (1639–1640)
  • Marc'Antonio Bonetti, Giuliano Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1640)
  • Giambattista Belluzzi, Federico Gozi, Captains Regent (1640–1641)
  • Giambattista Ricci, Pier Antonio Giangi, Captains Regent (1641)
  • Sforza Cionini, Bartolomeo Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1641–1642)
  • Giacomo Belluzzi, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1642)
  • Claudio Belluzzi, Paolo Antonio Onofri, Captains Regent (1642–1643)
  • Fulgenzio Maccioni, Federico Tosini, Captains Regent (1643)
  • Melchiorre Maggio Belluzzi, Evangelista Belluzzi, Captains Regent (1643–1644)
  • Livio Pellicieri, Gregorio Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1644)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1644–1645)
  • Sforza Cionini, Vincenzo Francini, Captains Regent (1645)
  • Marc'Antonio Bonetti, Ottavio Giannini, Captains Regent (1645–1646)
  • Carlo Loli, Vincenzo Lorenzoni, Captains Regent (1646)
  • Claudio Belluzzi, Paolo Antonio Onofri, Captains Regent (1646–1647)
  • Carlo Tosini, Pier Marino Cionini, Captains Regent (1647)
  • Bartolomeo Belluzzi, Marino Gabrielli, Captains Regent (1647–1648)
  • Giacomo Belluzzi, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1648)
  • Giuliano Gozi, Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1648–1649)
  • Marc'Antonio Bonetti, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1649)
  • Fulgenzio Maccioni, Federico Tosini, Captains Regent (1649–1650)
  • Melchiorre Maggio Belluzzi, Girolamo Moracci, Captains Regent (1650)
  • Carlo Tosini, Paolo Antonio Onofri, Captains Regent (1650–1651)
  • Alessandro Belluzzi, Vincenzo Lorenzoni, Captains Regent (1651)
  • Carlo Loli, Gregorio Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1651–1652)
  • Ottavio Giannini, Bartolomeo Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1652)
  • Giacomo Belluzzi, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1652–1653)
  • Lodovico Belluzzi, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1653)
  • Marc'Antonio Bonetti, Pompeo Zoli, Captains Regent (1653–1654)
  • Fulgenzio Maccioni, Cristofaro Gianotti, Captains Regent (1654)
  • Carlo Tosini, Paolo Antonio Onofri, Captains Regent (1654–1655)
  • Carlo Loli, Sforza Cionini, Captains Regent (1655)
  • Ottavio Giannini, Bartolomeo Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1655–1656)
  • Melchiorre Maggio Belluzzi, Vincenzo Lorenzoni, Captains Regent (1656)
  • Alessandro Belluzzi, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1656–1657)
  • Innocenzo Bonelli, Girolamo Moracci, Captains Regent (1657)
  • Giacomo Belluzzi, Pier Leone Corbelli, Captains Regent (1657–1658)
  • Fulgenzio Maccioni, Marino Bonetti, Captains Regent (1658)
  • Carlo Loli, Pompeo Zoli, Captains Regent (1658–1659)
  • Ottavio Giannini, Cristofaro Gianotti, Captains Regent (1659)
  • Paolo Antonio Onofri, Antonio Ricci, Captains Regent (1659–1660)
  • Francesco Angeli, Vincenzo Lorenzoni, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1660)
  • Alessandro Belluzzi, Giambattista Zampini, Captains Regent (1660–1661)
  • Giacomo Belluzzi, Sforza Cionini, Captains Regent (1661)
  • Carlo Tosini, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1661–1662)
  • Fulgenzio Maccioni, Girolamo Moracci, Captains Regent (1662)
  • Lodovico Belluzzi, Pompeo Zoli, Captains Regent (1662–1663)
  • Melchiorre Maggio Belluzzi, Paolo Antonio Onofri, Captains Regent (1663)
  • Marc'Antonio Gozi, Cristoforo Gianotti, Captains Regent (1663–1664)
  • Carlo Loli, Vincenzo Lorenzoni, Captains Regent (1664)
  • Francesco Maccioni, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1664–1665)
  • Ottavio Giannini, Francesco Angeli, Captains Regent (1665)
  • Carlo Tosini, Sforza Cionini, Captains Regent (1665–1666)
  • Giacomo Belluzzi, Giambattista Tosini, Captains Regent (1666)
  • Alessandro Belluzzi, Pompeo Zoli, Captains Regent (1666–1667)
  • Lodovico Belluzzi, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1667)
  • Paolo Antonio Onofri, Domizio Beni, Captains Regent (1667–1668)
  • Carlo Loli, Giambattista Zampini, Captains Regent (1668)
  • Francesco Maccioni, Francesco Loli, Captains Regent (1668–1669)
  • Ottavio Giannini, Francesco Angeli, Captains Regent (1669)
  • Giacomo Belluzzi, Giambattista Tosini, Captains Regent (1669–1670)
  • Marc'Antonio Gozi, Marc'Antonio Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1670)
  • Lodovico Belluzzi, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1670–1671)
  • Paolo Antonio Onofri, Pompeo Zoli, Captains Regent (1671)
  • Carlo Tosini, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1671–1672)
  • Carlo Loli, Giambattista Zampini, Captains Regent (1672)
  • Alessandro Belluzzi, Sforza Cionini, Captains Regent (1672–1673)
  • Ottavio Giannini, Alfonso Tosini, Captains Regent (1673)
  • Giambattista Tosini, Francesco Angeli, Captains Regent (1673–1674)
  • Francesco Maccioni, Francesco Loli, Captains Regent (1674)
  • Marc'Antonio Gozi, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1674–1675)
  • Paolo Antonio Onofri, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1675)
  • Carlo Tosini, Lorenzo Giangi, Captains Regent (1675–1676)
  • Giuliano Cionini, Pompeo Zoli, Captains Regent (1676)
  • Lodovico Belluzzi, Giambattista Zampini, Captains Regent (1676–1677)
  • Giambattista Tosini, Francesco Angeli, Captains Regent (1677)
  • Carlo Loli, Marc'Antonio Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1677–1678)
  • Marc'Antonio Gozi, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1678)
  • Ottavio Giannini, Alfonso Tosini, Captains Regent (1678–1679)
  • Francesco Maccioni, Francesco Loli, Captains Regent (1679)
  • Carlo Tosini, Lorenzo Giangi, Captains Regent (1679–1680)
  • Alessandro Belluzzi, Giambattista Fattori, Captains Regent (1680)
  • Giambattista Tosini, Melchiorre Martelli, Captains Regent (1680–1681)
  • Giacomo Belluzzi, Giovanni Serafini, Captains Regent (1681)
  • Paolo Antonio Onofri, Francesco Angeli, Captains Regent (1681–1682)
  • Carlo Loli, Gaspare Calbini, Captains Regent (1682)
  • Marc'Antonio Gozi, Innocenzo Bonelli, Captains Regent (1682–1683)
  • Francesco Maccioni, Alfonso Tosini, Captains Regent (1683)
  • Carlo Tosini, Lorenzo Giangi, Captains Regent (1683–1684)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Giambattista Fattori, Captains Regent (1684)
  • Francesco Loli, Pietro Francini, Captains Regent (1684–1685)
  • Ottavio Leonardelli, Melchiorre Martelli, Captains Regent (1685)
  • Paolo Antonio Onofri, Ridolfo Zoli, Captains Regent (1685–1686)
  • Carlo Loli, Gaspare Calbini, Captains Regent (1686)
  • Gio. Antonio Belluzzi, Alfonso Tosini, Captains Regent (1686–1687)
  • Alessandro Belluzzi, Marc'Antonio Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1687)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Giambattista Fattori, Captains Regent (1687–1688)
  • Innocenzo Bonelli, Francesco Angeli, Captains Regent (1688)
  • Francesco Maccioni, Pietro Francini, Captains Regent (1688–1689)
  • Francesco Loli, Matteo Martelli, Captains Regent (1689)
  • Carlo Loli, Gaspare Calbini, Captains Regent (1689–1690)
  • Gio. Antonio Belluzzi, Melchiorre Martelli, Captains Regent (1690)
  • Ottavio Leonardelli, Lorenzo Giangi, Captains Regent (1690–1691)
  • Alfonso Tosini, Baldassarre Tini, Captains Regent (1691)
  • Lodovico Manenti Belluzzi, Marino Beni, Captains Regent (1691–1692)
  • Francesco Maccioni, Gio. Antonio Fattori, Captains Regent (1692)
  • Innocenzo Bonelli, Pietro Francini, Captains Regent (1692–1693)
  • Francesco Loli, Matteo Martelli, Captains Regent (1693)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Melchiorre Martelli, Captains Regent (1693–1694)
  • Giuseppe Loli, Gaspare Calbini, Captains Regent (1694)
  • Bernardino Leonardelli, Lorenzo Giangi, Captains Regent (1694–1695)
  • Onofrio Onofri, Francesco Angeli, Captains Regent (1695)
  • Lodovico Manenti Belluzzi, Marc'Antonio Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1695–1696)
  • Francesco Maccioni, Gio. Antonio Fattori, Captains Regent (1696)
  • Gio. Antonio Belluzzi, Ottavio Leonardelli, Captains Regent (1696–1697)
  • Giambattista Tosini, Marino Beni, Captains Regent (1697)
  • Giuliano Belluzzi, Melchiorre Martelli, Captains Regent (1697–1698)
  • Innocenzo Bonelli, Lorenzo Giangi, Captains Regent (1698)
  • Onofrio Onofri, Giambattista Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1698–1699)
  • Bernardino Leonardelli, Pietro Arancini, Captains Regent (1699)
  • Francesco Maccioni, Giovanni Antonio Fattori, Captains Regent (1699–1700)
  • Francesco Loli, Baldassarre Tini, Captains Regent (1700)
  • Ottavio Leonardelli, Marino Beni, Captains Regent (1700–1701)

Southern Italy

The Kingdom of Naples was ruled in personal union with Spain from 1504 to 1713.

Malta

Europe: Southwest

Andorra

  • Andreu Capella, Episcopal Co-Prince (1588–1609)
  • Bernat de Salba i Salba, Episcopal Co-Prince (1609–1620)
  • Luis Díez de Aux y Armendáriz, Episcopal Co-Prince (1622–1627)
  • Antonio Pérez, Episcopal Co-Prince (1627–1632)[67]
  • Pau Duran, Episcopal Co-Prince (1634–1651)
  • Juan Manuel de Espinosa, Episcopal Co-Prince (1655–1663)
  • Melcior Palau i Bosca, Episcopal Co-Prince (1664–1670)
  • Pere de Copons i Teixidor, Episcopal Co-Prince (1671–1681)
  • Joan Baptista Desbac i Mortorell, Episcopal Co-Prince (1682–1688)
  • Oleguer de Montserrat i Rufet, Episcopal Co-Prince (1689–1694)
  • Julià Cano Thebar, Episcopal Co-Prince (1695–1714)

Catalonia

Navarre

Portugal

Spain

Europe: West

France

  • Ercole, Lord (1589–1604)
  • Honoré II, Lord (1604–1612), Prince (1612–1662)
  • Louis I, Prince (1662–1701)

Low Countries

For the preceding rulers, look under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
For the preceding rulers, see the County of Drenthe under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Frisia under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Groningen under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
For the preceding rulers, see the Duchy of Guelders under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
For the preceding rulers, look under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Overijssel under the List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire

Eurasia: Caucasus

Azerbaijan

  • Mirza Muhammad I, Khan (1735–1768)
  • Fatali, Khan (1768–1770)
  • Abd Allah Beg, Khan (1770–1772)
  • Malik Muhammad, Khan (1772–1783)
  • Mirza Muhammad II, Khan (1783–1791)
  • Muhammad Quli, Khan (1791–1792)
  • Husayn Quli, Khan (1792–1797)
  • Mirza Muhammad II, Khan (1797–1801)
  • Heydar Qoli, Khan (1747–1787)
  • Kalbali, Khan (1787–1823)
  • Huseyn Ali, Khan (1680–1721)
  • Ahmad, Khan (1721)
  • Chulaq Surkhay, Khan (1721–1722)
  • Husayn Ali, Khan (1722–1758)
  • Fatali, Khan (1758–1789)
  • Ahmad, Khan (1789–1791)
  • Shaykh Ali Agha, Khan (1791–1806)
  • Najaf Qoli I, Khan (1731–1785)
  • Khodadad, Khan (1785–1787)
  • Hossein Qoli, Khan (1786–1793, 1797–1798)
  • Jafar Qoli Donboli, Khan (1786–1802)

Georgia

  • Putu, Prince (c.1580–1620)
  • Seteman, Prince (c.1620–1640)
  • Sustar, Prince (c.1640–1665)
  • Zegnak, Prince (c.1665–1700)
  • Alexander II (Ottoman vassal after 1578), King (1574–1602, 1602–1605)
  • David I, King (1602)
  • Alexander II (restored), King (1602–1605)
  • Constantine I, King (1605)
  • Teimuraz I, King (1605–1614, 1615, 1625–1633, 1634–1648)
direct Persian rule (1614–1615, 1616–1625, 1633, 1648–1664, 1676–1703)

Russia: Dagestan

  • Surkhay ibn Garai-Bek, Khan (1700–1741)
  • Murtazali ibn Surkhay, Khan (1741–1743)
  • Muhammad ibn Surkhay, Khan (1743–1789)
  • Surkhay ibn Muhammad, Khan (1789–1820)

Oceania

Hawaii

Wallis and Futuna

  • Takumasiva, King (17th century)
  • Pou, King (17th century)
  • Tuakalau, King (17th century)
  • Eiki, King (17th century)
  • Tuiuvea, King (17th century)
  • Lilo-kaivale, King (17th century)

References

  1. Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910 ;page 17-19
  2. Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
  3. Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
  4. C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
  5. Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.
  6. C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.
  7. MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Volume II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362.
  8. Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.
  9. Ben-Amos (1995). The Art of Benin Revised Edition. p. 32.
  10. The Tarikh al-Sudan states that al-Amin ruled for 7 years. The date of 1618 for the death of al-Amin and the succession of Askia Dawud II is mentioned in the Tarikh al-Sudan es-Sadi 1898–1900, p. 341
  11. The Tarikh al-Sudan states that Dawud II ruled for 22 years.
  12. Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 80-94.
  13. Aimiuwu, O.E.I. Ashipa: the first Oba of Lagos. Nigeria Magazine, Issues 100–104, Government of Nigeria 1969. pp. 624–627. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  14. Slavery and the Birth of an African City. p. 29.
  15. L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
  16. Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. [Rome 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, Deb T'er Dmar Po Gsarma. Rome 1971; Per K. Sørensen & Guntram Hazod, Rulers on the Celestial Plain. Wien 2007; Olaf Czaja, Medieval rule in Tibet, Vol. I-II. Wien 2013.
  17. Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Hugh E. Richardson, A Short History of Tibet. New York 1962.
  18. László Karoly (14 November 2014). A Turkic Medical Treatise from Islamic Central Asia: A Critical Edition of a Seventeenth-Century Chagatay Work by Subḥān Qulï Khan. BRILL. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-90-04-28498-2.
  19. Orvostörténeti Közlemények: Communicationes de historia artis medicinae. Könyvtár. 2006. p. 52.
  20. Nil Sarı; International Society of the History of Medicine (2005). Otuz Sekizinci Uluslararası Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 1-6 Eylül 2002. Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 845. ISBN 9789751618252.
  21. De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179–84.
  22. Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis, Sultan (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228–9..
  23. Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  24. Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  25. Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  26. Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  27. Sutherland (1973–1974).
  28. Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
  29. Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973–1974).
  30. ; L.J. van Dijk, 'De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden', Indische Gids 47 1925 & 56 1934.
  31. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-12-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  32. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-12-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  33. Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.
  34. The pedigree and chronology of the sultans is only partly known; see Schurhammer, F. (1973–1982) Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times, Vol. I–IV. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute; Jacobs, Hubert (1974–1984) Documenta Malucensia, Vol. I–III. Rome: Jesuit Historical Society; Fraassen, c.van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).
  35. Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c.1780–1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill.
  36. Barta 1994, p. 296.
  37. Barta 1994, p. 297.
  38. Szegedi 2009, p. 101.
  39. Markó 2000, pp. 101-102.
  40. Barta 1994, pp. 263., 293-297.
  41. Markó 2000, p. 120.
  42. Markó 2000, p. 97.
  43. Markó 2000, pp. 104-105.
  44. Barta 1994, pp. 293., 298-299.
  45. Markó 2000, pp. 118-119.
  46. Barta 1994, pp. 304-305.
  47. Markó 2000, pp. 98-99.
  48. Barta 1994, pp. 305-309.
  49. Markó 2000, pp. 102-103.
  50. Barta 1994, pp. 314-315., 321-324.
  51. Markó 2000, p. 104.
  52. Barta 1994, pp. 314-315., 325-326.
  53. Deák 2009, pp. 82-83., 85., 88., 93.
  54. Barta 1994, p. 326.
  55. Markó 2000, pp. 115-117.
  56. Markó 2000, pp. 117-118.
  57. Barta 1994, pp. 352., 356.
  58. Markó 2000, p. 113.
  59. Markó 2000, p. 119.
  60. Markó 2000, pp. 96-97.
  61. Markó 2000, pp. 110-111.
  62. Markó 2000, pp. 94-95.
  63. Markó 2000, pp. 120-122.
  64. Markó 2000, p. 95.
  65. Markó 2000, pp. 113-115.
  66. "Archbishop Antonio Pérez, O.S.B." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved August 27, 2016
  67. Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia, Baku, 1983, vol. 7, p. 176
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