Clarke County, Georgia

Clarke County is located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 116,714.[2] Its county seat is Athens,[3] with which it is a consolidated city-county.

Clarke County
U.S. county
Clarke County courthouse in Athens
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Georgia
Georgia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 33°57′20″N 83°23′00″W
Country United States
State Georgia
Founded1801
Named forElijah Clarke
SeatAthens
Largest cityAthens
Area
 • Total121 sq mi (310 km2)
 • Land119 sq mi (310 km2)
 • Water1.8 sq mi (5 km2)  1.5%%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2019)
128,331[1]
 • Density1,048/sq mi (405/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts9th, 10th
Websitewww.athensclarkecounty.com

Clarke County is included in the Athens-Clarke County, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA Combined Statistical Area.

History

Clarke County was created in 1801 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly on December 5. It was named for Revolutionary War hero Elijah Clarke and included 250 square miles (647.5 km2) that was formerly part of Jackson County. Colonel Clarke played a leading role the 1779 victory at the Battle of Kettle Creek in Wilkes County. The Elijah Clarke Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution erected a monument to him in Broad Street in Athens.

As the population of the county grew in the early 19th century, its agricultural and cotton industries prospered. The adjacent plantation harvests flowed through city mills. Manufacturing and textile production operations were the major industries in Clarke County, especially after the railroad reached Athens in 1841. Athens and Clarke County were second only to Savannah and Chatham County in the amount of capital invested in manufacturing in the 1840s.

Two skirmishes were fought in Clarke County in 1864, during the American Civil War, one near Barber's Creek and the other near Mitchell's Road. Athens was occupied by the Union Army on May 29 and a provost-marshal took charge. Formal military occupation of the ended by December 1864, though Union troops remained in the county until early 1866.

In 1801 the Clarke County Commission had selected Watkinsville (now in Oconee County) as the county seat. All county offices, including the courts and jail, moved to Athens when the seat was moved on November 24, 1871. County meetings took place in the old Athens town hall, until a new courthouse was constructed in 1876. The present courthouse was built in 1914.

On February 12, 1875, in response to complaints over the relocation of the county seat to Athens, the state legislature created Oconee County from the southwest portion of Clarke County, making Watkinsville its seat. Clarke County thus lost one-third of its population and three-fifths of its land area.

The position of "commissioner of roads and revenue" was created by the legislature for what are today known as county commissioners. As an extension of the state, the county would conduct welfare and health programs, build and maintain roads, and hold courts of law.

On March 29, 1973, the Georgia legislature increased the number of county commissioners from 3 to 5, also adding a county administrator.

In 1990, the residents voted to unify the city and county governments creating Athens-Clarke County, the second (after Columbus-Muscogee County) unified city-county government in the state of Georgia.

Geography

Clarke County is located at 33°57′20″N 83°23′00″W.[4] The county is located in the Piedmont region of the state.

The vast majority of Clarke County is located in the Upper Oconee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin, with a very small portion of the county's eastern edge, north of Winterville, located in the Broad River sub-basin of the Savannah River basin.[5]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 121 square miles (310 km2), of which 119 square miles (310 km2) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) (1.5%) is water.[4] It is the smallest county by area in Georgia.[6]

Adjacent counties

Transportation

Major highways

Pedestrians and cycling

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18107,628—
18208,76714.9%
183010,17616.1%
184010,5223.4%
185011,1195.7%
186011,2180.9%
187012,94115.4%
188011,702−9.6%
189015,18629.8%
190017,70816.6%
191023,27331.4%
192026,11112.2%
193025,613−1.9%
194028,39810.9%
195036,55028.7%
196045,36324.1%
197065,17743.7%
198074,49814.3%
199087,59417.6%
2000101,48915.9%
2010116,71415.0%
2019 (est.)128,331[7]10.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10]
1990-2000[11] 2010-2019[2]

2000 census

As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 101,489 people, 39,706 households, and 19,694 families living in the county. The population density was 840 people per square mile (324/km2). There were 42,126 housing units at an average density of 349 per square mile (135/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 64.89% White, 27.25% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 3.13% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.08% from other races, and 1.41% from two or more races. 6.34% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 39,706 households, out of which 22.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.60% were married couples living together, 13.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.40% were non-families. 29.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 17.80% under the age of 18, 31.30% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 15.40% from 45 to 64, and 8.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.20 males.

The per capita income in the county was $20,948 in 2008,[13] and the median income for a family was $36,039. Males had a median income of $30,482 versus $23,069 for females. In 2008, 32.2% of the county's population were living below the poverty line.[14] As a result, Clarke ranked #4 on City Data's list of "Top 101 cities with the highest percentage of residents living in poverty in 2007".[14]

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 116,714 people, 45,414 households, and 22,044 families living in the county.[15] The population density was 979.1 inhabitants per square mile (378.0/km2). There were 51,068 housing units at an average density of 428.4 per square mile (165.4/km2).[16] The racial makeup of the county was 61.9% white, 26.6% black or African American, 4.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 4.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 10.4% of the population.[15] In terms of ancestry, 10.9% were English, 9.9% were German, 9.0% were Irish, and 6.6% were American.[17]

Of the 45,414 households, 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.3% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 51.5% were non-families, and 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age was 25.9 years.[15]

The median income for a household in the county was $34,253 and the median income for a family was $51,687. Males had a median income of $37,896 versus $30,574 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,839. About 16.6% of families and 33.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.2% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.[18]

Education
Main article: Athens, Georgia § Education

Politics

Clarke County has long been a Democratic Party stronghold in presidential elections. This predates the recent trend of Democratic gains in counties dominated by large universities. It has only backed the Republican candidate in three presidential elections, the fiercely divided realigning election of 1968 and the 49-state landslides of 1972 and 1984.

Presidential elections results
Previous presidential election results[19][20]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 28.1% 14,450 70.2% 36,055 1.6% 841
2016 28.0% 12,717 65.1% 29,603 6.9% 3,156
2012 34.1% 13,815 62.8% 25,431 3.1% 1,269
2008 33.6% 15,333 64.8% 29,591 1.6% 742
2004 40.2% 15,052 58.0% 21,718 1.8% 673
2000 41.0% 11,850 52.5% 15,167 6.5% 1,887
1996 38.4% 10,504 55.6% 15,206 6.0% 1,636
1992 36.1% 10,459 53.1% 15,403 10.8% 3,136
1988 49.7% 11,150 49.7% 11,154 0.7% 148
1984 53.2% 11,503 46.8% 10,132
1980 40.7% 8,094 52.9% 10,519 6.5% 1,286
1976 36.8% 6,610 63.2% 11,342
1972 65.3% 11,465 34.7% 6,090
1968 39.2% 5,800 37.5% 5,556 23.3% 3,452
1964 39.3% 4,875 60.7% 7,519
1960 31.9% 2,250 68.1% 4,812
1956 33.1% 2,107 66.9% 4,257
1952 24.5% 1,588 75.5% 4,904
1948 16.4% 707 71.7% 3,095 11.9% 515
1944 8.1% 274 91.9% 3,112
1940 7.8% 246 91.9% 2,894 0.3% 10
1936 5.7% 160 94.1% 2,632 0.1% 4
1932 7.4% 159 92.1% 1,992 0.6% 13
1928 34.0% 724 66.0% 1,407
1924 14.4% 267 82.3% 1,530 3.4% 63
1920 13.3% 217 86.7% 1,419
1916 2.6% 31 87.8% 1,036 9.6% 113
1912 7.3% 81 86.7% 956 6.0% 66
1908 20.2% 207 70.2% 720 9.6% 98
1904 11.7% 118 76.6% 773 11.7% 118
1900 21.9% 199 73.9% 672 4.2% 38
1896 35.7% 419 60.2% 707 4.2% 49
1892 36.0% 545 55.1% 835 8.9% 135
1888 45.0% 660 54.6% 801 0.4% 6
1884 49.6% 765 50.4% 778
1880 48.9% 765 51.1% 800

Communities

See also

References
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
  2. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  5. "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  6. Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 44. ISBN 0-915430-00-2.
  7. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  8. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
  9. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  10. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  11. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  12. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  13. "Athens-Clarke County, Georgia (GA) income map, earnings map, and wages data". www.city-data.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  14. "Athens-Clarke County, Georgia (GA) profile: population, maps, real estate, averages, homes, statistics, relocation, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, moving, houses, news, sex offenders". www.city-data.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  15. "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  16. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  17. "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  18. "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  19. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  20. http://geoelections.free.fr/. Retrieved January 13, 2021. Missing or empty |title= (help)
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