Gwinnett County, Georgia

Gwinnett County is a suburban county of Atlanta in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia.[2] In 2019, the population was estimated to be 936,250, making it the second-most populous county in Georgia.[1] Its county seat is Lawrenceville.[3] The county is named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence.[4]

"Gwinnett" redirects here. For other uses, see Gwinnett (disambiguation).

Gwinnett County
U.S. county
Gwinnett County (Historic) Courthouse (Administration has relocated to another building)
Location within the U.S. state of Georgia
Georgia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 33°58′N 84°02′W
Country United States
State Georgia
FoundedDecember 15, 1818
Named forButton Gwinnett
SeatLawrenceville
Largest cityPeachtree Corners
Area
 • Total437 sq mi (1,130 km2)
 • Land430 sq mi (1,100 km2)
 • Water6.4 sq mi (17 km2)  1.5%%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2019)
936,250[1]
 • Density2,123/sq mi (820/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts4th, 7th, 10th
Websitewww.gwinnettcounty.com

Gwinnett County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located about 10 miles northeast of Atlanta's city limits.

History

In 1813, Fort Daniel was created during the War of 1812 in territory that would become Gwinnett County.[5] The county was created in 1818 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly, Gwinnett County was formed from parts of Jackson County (formerly part of Franklin County) and from lands gained through the cession of Creek Indian lands. Named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, the first county election was held at the home of Elisha Winn, and the first Superior Court was held in his barn. The county seat was later placed at Lawrenceville.[6]

In 1831 a group of white men were tried and found guilty in Lawrenceville for violating Georgia law by living in the Cherokee Nation without a valid passport from the Governor. Two of the men appealed to the US Supreme Court in Worcester v. Georgia, which resulted in a ruling stating that only the federal government had jurisdiction over native lands, a decision which still stands.[7]

In 1861, all three of Gwinnett County's representatives at the Georgia Constitutional Convention (1861) in Milledgeville voted against secession. Towards the end of the war, Union troops foraged in Gwinnett County as part of the Atlanta Campaign.[7] The Freedmen's Bureau was active in Gwinnett County during Reconstruction. In 1871 the courthouse in Lawrenceville was burned by the Ku Klux Klan in an attempt to avoid prosecution for their crimes, which included the shooting of a black election manager in Norcross.[8]

Early in the county's history, gold mining was a minor industry. The Gwinnett Manufacturing Company, a cotton textile factory, operated in Lawrenceville in the 1850s through 1865, when it burned. The Bona Allen Company in Buford, Georgia produced saddles, harnesses and other leather goods from 1873 to 1981.[7]

The northeastern part of Gwinnett County was removed in 1914 to form a part of the new Barrow County.

Geography
The Elisha Winn House served as Gwinnett County's first courthouse.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 437 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 430 square miles (1,100 km2) is land and 6.4 square miles (17 km2) (1.5%) is water.[9] The county is located in the upper Piedmont region of the state.

It is located along the Eastern Continental Divide. A portion of the county to the northwest is a part of the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area chain.

Allocation of water from the regional reservoir, Lake Lanier, at the extreme north of the county, has been subject to the Tri-state water dispute.

The southern and central portions of Gwinnett County are located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. Most of the county's northern edge, from south of Peachtree Corners to north of Buford, is located in the Upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin). The county's eastern edge, north and south of Dacula, is located in the Upper Oconee River sub-basin of the same Altamaha River basin.[10] The map of the county is strikingly similar to Algeria.

Adjacent counties

Transportation

Airport

The county maintains a regional airport under the name Gwinnett County Airport, formerly Briscoe Field. The closest major airport serving the region is Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.

Major roads and expressways
Main article: Ronald Reagan Parkway

Interstate 285 (while not inside the county) is roughly 1.5 miles from the county line.[11]

Transit Systems
  • GRTA Xpress commuter buses and Gwinnett County Transit serve the county.
  • Norcross Greyhound Bus Terminal, 2105 Norcross Pkwy, Norcross, GA 30071[12]
  • On April 12, 2018, Gwinnett County Officials updated the transit plans to connect to the rest of Metro Atlanta via heavy rail.[13][14][15][16][17]

Pedestrians and cycling

In 2016, Suwanee unveiled the first Bike Share program in Gwinnett County. [20]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18204,589—
183013,289189.6%
184010,804−18.7%
185011,2574.2%
186012,94015.0%
187012,431−3.9%
188019,53157.1%
189019,8991.9%
190025,58528.6%
191028,82412.7%
192030,3275.2%
193027,853−8.2%
194029,0874.4%
195032,32011.1%
196043,54134.7%
197072,34966.2%
1980166,903130.7%
1990352,910111.4%
2000588,44866.7%
2010805,32136.9%
2019 (est.)936,250[21]16.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[22]
1790-1960[23] 1900-1990[24]
1990-2000[25] 2010-2013[26]

Gwinnett County is often cited as one of the counties in the US that has demographically changed the most rapidly. As recently as 1990, over 90% of Gwinnett County's population was white. By 2007, the county was considered majority-minority.[27][28]

2019 ACS Estimates
2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates: Gwinnett County, Georgia
Population[29]
Group Estimate Percent
Total Population 936,250
Population by Sex[29]
Group Estimate Percent
Male 456,837 48.8%
Female 479,413 51.2%
Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 95.3
Population by Age[29]
Group Estimate Percent
Under 5 years 60,884 6.5%
5 to 9 years 68,247 7.3%
10 to 14 years 74,117 7.9%
15 to 19 years 71,193 7.6%
20 to 24 years 60,524 6.5%
25 to 29 years 62,371 6.7%
30 to 34 years 61,208 6.5%
35 to 39 years 69,566 7.4%
40 to 44 years 63,611 6.8%
45 to 49 years 70,172 7.5%
50 to 54 years 65,628 7.0%
55 to 59 years 66,672 7.1%
60 to 64 years 43,613 4.7%
65 to 69 years 36,838 3.9%
70 to 74 years 27,310 2.9%
75 to 79 years 15,123 1.6%
80 to 84 years 9,205 1.0%
85 years and over 9,968 1.1%
Median age (years) 35.8
Population by Race and Ethnicity[30]
Group Estimate Percent
White 429,774 45.9%
--- White, not Hispanic or Latino 329,100 35.2%
Black or African American 266,298 28.4%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 203,623 21.7%
--- Mexican 97,109 10.4%
Asian 126,556 13.5%
--- Vietnamese 28,265 3.0%
--- Korean 25,875 2.8%
--- Asian Indian 23,737 2.5%
Some other race 95,124 10.2%
Two or more races 34,067 3.6%
American Indian or Alaska Native 4,271 0.5%
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 161 0.0%
Population by Nativity and Citizenship Status[31]
Group Estimate Percent
Native (born in the United States) 680,767 72.7%
--- Born in Georgia 350,911 37.5%
--- Born in other U.S. state 313,875 33.5%
------ Southern state 143,144 15.3%
------ Midwestern state 72,186 7.7%
------ Northeastern state 69,682 7.4%
------ Western state 28,863 3.1%
--- Native born outside U.S. states 15,981 1.7%
Foreign Born 255,483 27.3%
--- Not a U.S. citizen 133,667 14.3%
--- Naturalized U.S. citizen 121,816 13.0%

2010 Census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 805,321 people, 268,519 households, and 203,238 families residing in the county.[32] The population density was 1,872.8 inhabitants per square mile (723.1/km2). There were 291,547 housing units at an average density of 678.0 per square mile (261.8/km2).[33] The racial makeup of the county was 53.3% White (44.0% Non-Hispanic White), 23.6% black or African American, 10.6% Asian, 0.5% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 8.8% from other races, 3.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 20.1% of the population.[32] In terms of ancestry, 8.3% were German, 7.8% were Irish, 7.7% were English, and 5.8% were American.[34]

Of the 268,519 households, 45.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 24.3% were non-families, and 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.40. The median age was 33.7 years.[32]

The median income for a household in the county was $63,219 and the median income for a family was $70,767. Males had a median income of $48,671 versus $39,540 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,901. About 8.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.[35]

Economy

Government and politics

Under Georgia's "home rule" provision, county governments have free rein to legislate on all matters within the county, provided that such legislation does not conflict with state or federal law, or state or federal Constitutions.

Gwinnett County, Georgia is governed by a five-member Board of Commissioners, which exercises both legislative and executive authority within the county. The chairman of the board is elected county-wide and serves full-time. The four other commissioners are elected from single-member districts and serve part-time positions. The board hires a county administrator who oversees daily operations of the county's twelve executive departments. Gwinnett County has a police department that operates under the authority of the Board of Commissioners. Some of the local Gwinnett city budgets have recently come under increasing scrutiny of the General Funds allocated to police services. Cities such as Duluth have allocated as much as forty percent of their city budgets, reaching some of the highest levels in the nation.[49] Solutions to high spending being discussed include additional “investment in mental health, housing, youth development and living wages would stabilize communities and prove more effective than policing.”[50]

In addition to the Board of Commissioners, county residents also elect persons to the following positions: Sheriff, District Attorney, Probate Court Judge, Clerk of State/Superior Court, Tax Commissioner, State Court Solicitor, Chief Magistrate Judge (who appoints other Magistrate Court judges), Chief Superior Court Judge and Superior Court Judges, and Chief State Court Judge and State Court Judges.

Gwinnett County has the largest public school system in the state of Georgia. Members of the Board of Education are elected from special election districts in the county.

For most of the time from 1964 to 2012, the county was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. The only Democrat to carry the county in this period was former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter in 1976, who carried Gwinnett during his sweep of every county in the state. However, the Republican edge has narrowed in recent times as the county, as well as the rest of the Atlanta metro, have gotten larger and more diverse. In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in 40 years and the first non-Georgian Democrat to do so since John F. Kennedy in 1960, doing so by 5.9 points. In 2018, Stacey Abrams became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in a gubernatorial election since 1986 when Joe Frank Harris swept every county statewide. The Democratic trend became even more apparent in 2020, when Joe Biden won the county by 18.2 points, the best showing for a non-Georgian Democrat since Kennedy.

Presidential election results
Previous presidential election results[51]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 40.1% 166,400 58.4% 241,994 1.3% 5,629
2016 44.4% 146,989 50.2% 166,153 5.4% 17,808
2012 53.8% 159,855 44.6% 132,509 1.7% 4,992
2008 54.6% 158,746 44.4% 129,025 1.1% 3,167
2004 65.7% 160,445 33.4% 81,708 0.9% 2,190
2000 63.7% 121,756 32.2% 61,434 4.1% 7,921
1996 59.3% 96,610 33.0% 53,819 7.7% 12,516
1992 54.3% 81,822 29.4% 44,253 16.3% 24,501
1988 75.5% 66,372 23.8% 20,948 0.7% 620
1984 79.5% 54,749 20.5% 14,139
1980 52.8% 27,185 42.7% 21,958 4.5% 2,309
1976 40.0% 13,912 60.0% 20,838
1972 86.3% 18,181 13.7% 2,896
1968 30.6% 5,350 18.5% 3,230 50.9% 8,909
1964 50.4% 6,823 49.6% 6,705 0.0% 3
1960 26.5% 2,336 73.5% 6,479
1956 20.2% 1,443 79.8% 5,687
1952 14.4% 1,015 85.6% 6,026
1948 11.1% 413 76.0% 2,832 12.9% 482
1944 17.6% 713 82.4% 3,339
1940 15.3% 728 84.3% 4,023 0.4% 20
1936 18.5% 541 81.4% 2,382 0.1% 3
1932 3.4% 91 96.6% 2,616 0.0% 1
1928 52.3% 1,062 47.7% 970
1924 15.5% 207 75.8% 1,011 8.7% 116
1920 40.9% 1,140 59.1% 1,645
1916 13.4% 270 75.6% 1,528 11.0% 222
1912 35.9% 590 60.7% 997 3.4% 55
1908 32.7% 541 41.0% 677 26.2% 433
1904 5.9% 132 55.2% 1,219 38.7% 856
1900 22.5% 373 63.4% 1,052 14.0% 233
1896 35.7% 773 57.8% 1,250 6.3% 138
1892 9.2% 253 57.1% 1,572 33.6% 926
1888 8.4% 186 90.5% 2,004 1.0% 23
1884 11.7% 146 88.2% 1,094
1880 11.8% 244 88.1% 1,812

Gwinnett County is one of six "reverse pivot counties", counties that voted Republican in 2008 and 2012, and voted Democratic in 2016, 2018, and 2020.

Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners
DistrictNamePartyFirst electedIncorporated Cities of Gwinnett County represented[52]
  At-Large (Chair) Nicole Love Hendrickson Democratic 2020 All
  1 Kirkland Carden Democratic 2020 Duluth, Suwanee, Sugar Hill
  2 Ben Ku Democratic 2018 Peachtree Corners, Berkeley Lake, Lilburn, Norcross, Tucker
  3 Jasper Watkins III Democratic 2020 Auburn, Braselton, Dacula, Lawrenceville, Grayson, Loganville, Snellville
  4 Marlene Fosque Democratic 2018 Buford, Lawrenceville, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill

United States Congress
Senators Name Party First Elected Level
  Senate Class 2 Raphael Warnock Democratic 2021 Junior Senator
  Senate Class 3 Jon Ossoff Democratic 2021 Senior Senator
Representatives Name Party First Elected Area(s) of Gwinnett County represented
  District 4 Hank Johnson Democratic 2006 Lilburn, Norcross, Snellville
  District 7 Carolyn Bourdeaux Democratic 2020 Peachtree Corners, Duluth, Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Suwanee, Buford, Snellville
  District 10 Jody Hice Republican 2015 Dacula, Loganville

Georgia State Senate
District Name Party First Elected Area(s) of Gwinnett County represented
  5 Sheikh Rahman Democratic 2018 Peachtree Corners, Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Norcross
  9 Nikki Merritt Democratic 2020 Dacula, Grayson, Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Loganville, Mountain Park, Snellville
  40 Sally Harrell Democratic 2018 Peachtree Corners, Norcross
  41 Kim Jackson Democratic 2020 Lilburn
  45 Clint Dixon Republican 2020 Auburn, Braselton, Buford, Lawrenceville, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
  48 Michelle Au Democratic 2020 Peachtree Corners, Berkeley Lake, Duluth, Lawrenceville, Norcross, Suwanee
  55 Gloria Butler Democratic 1998 Grayson, Loganville, Mountain Park, Snellville

Georgia House of Representatives
District Name Party First Elected Area(s) of Gwinnett County represented
  81 Scott Holcomb Democratic 2010 Peachtree Corners, Norcross
  93 Dar'shun Kendrick Democratic 2010 Loganville, Snellville
  94 Karen Bennett Democratic 2012 Mountain Park
  95 Beth Moore Democratic 2018 Peachtree Corners, Berkeley Lake, Duluth, Norcross
  96 Pedro Marin Democratic 2002 Peachtree Corners, Duluth, Norcross
  97 Bonnie Rich Republican 2018 Buford, Duluth, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
  98 David Clark Republican 2014 Buford, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill
  99 Marvin Lim Democratic 2020 Lilburn, Norcross
  100 Dewey McClain Democratic 2012 Lilburn
  101 Sam Park Democratic 2016 Lawrenceville, Suwanee
  102 Gregg Kennard Democratic 2018 Lawrenceville, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
  103 Timothy Barr Republican 2012 Braselton, Buford, Rest Haven
  104 Chuck Efstration Republican 2012 Auburn, Dacula, Lawrenceville
  105 Donna McLeod Democratic 2018 Grayson, Lawrenceville, Snellville
  106 Rebecca Mitchell Democratic 2020 Grayson, Lawrenceville, Loganville, Snellville
  107 Shelly Hutchinson Democratic 2018 Lawrenceville, Snellville
  108 Jasmine Clark Democratic 2018 Lilburn, Mountain Park
  114 Tom Kirby Republican 2012[53] Grayson, Loganville

Hospitals
  • Northside Hospital – Lawrenceville
  • Northside hospital – Duluth
  • Eastside Medical Center – Snellville. Formerly Emory Eastside Medical Center, the hospital was purchased by Hospital Corporation of America in 2011.

Media

The county's main newspaper is the Gwinnett Daily Post.

The Spanish language newspaper El Nuevo Georgia has its headquarters in unincorporated Gwinnett County, near Norcross.[54][55]

Telemundo Atlanta and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are both based out of Gwinnett.

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Gwinnett County Public Schools operates the public schools for residents in Gwinnett County, with the exception of residents inside the Buford city limits, which are served by the Buford City School District. There are 143 schools in the district—21 high schools, 29 middle schools, 80 elementary schools and 13 specialty schools, making it the largest school district in Georgia.

Private education

Colleges and universities

Sports

Minor-league affiliates of the NHL Boston Bruins and the MLB Atlanta Braves play home games and talent scout in the area.

In 2016, the Georgia Swarm of the National Lacrosse League relocated from Minnesota and began playing games at Infinite Energy Arena. The team won the league championship in 2017.

Georgia Force of Arena Football League had also played at Arena at Gwinnett Center before the team folded in 2012.

Club Sport League Venue Founded Titles
Atlanta Gladiators Ice hockey ECHL Infinite Energy Arena 1995 0
Atlanta United 2 Soccer United Soccer League Coolray Field 2017 0
Gwinnett Stripers Baseball International League Coolray Field 2009 0
Georgia Swarm Lacrosse National Lacrosse League Infinite Energy Arena 2004 1

Gwinnett also hosts the Gwinnett Lions Rugby Football Club, a Division 3 Men's Rugby Team competing in the Georgia Rugby Union.

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Notable people

See also

References
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