Cobb County, Georgia

Cobb County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia, located in the Atlanta metropolitan area in the north central portion of the state. As of 2019, the population was 760,141,[1] making it Georgia's third most-populous county. Its county seat and largest city is Marietta.[2]

For the community in Georgia, see Cobb, Georgia. For other uses, see Cobb (disambiguation).

Cobb County
County
Cobb County
From top: Blackjack Mountain
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Georgia
Georgia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 33°56′N 84°35′W
Country United States
State Georgia
FoundedDecember 2, 1832
Named forThomas W. Cobb
SeatMarietta
Largest cityMarietta
Area
 • Total345 sq mi (890 km2)
 • Land340 sq mi (900 km2)
 • Water5.0 sq mi (13 km2)  1.4%%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2020)
790,588
 • Density2,203/sq mi (851/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts6th, 11th, 13th
Websitewww.cobbcounty.org

Along with several adjoining counties, Cobb County was created on December 3, 1832, by the Georgia General Assembly from the large Cherokee County territory—land northwest of the Chattahoochee River which the state acquired from the Cherokee Nation and redistributed to settlers via lottery, following the passage of the federal Indian Removal Act.[3] The county was named for Thomas Willis Cobb, a U.S. representative and senator from Georgia. It is believed that Marietta was named for his wife, Mary.[4]

Cobb County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is situated immediately to the northwest of Atlanta's city limits.

Its Cumberland District, an edge city, has over 24 million square feet (2,200,000 m2) of office space. As of 2017, Major League Baseball's Atlanta Braves play in Cumberland.[5]

The U.S. Census Bureau ranks Cobb County as the most-educated in the state of Georgia and 12th among all counties in the US.[6] It has ranked among the top 100 highest-income counties in the United States.[7] In October 2017, Cobb was ranked as the "Least Obese County in Georgia".[8]

History

Cobb county was one of nine Georgia counties carved out of the disputed territory of the Cherokee Nation in 1832.[9] It was the 81st county in Georgia and named for Judge Thomas Willis Cobb, who served as a U.S. Senator, state representative, and superior court judge. It is believed that the county seat of Marietta was named for Judge Cobb's wife, Mary.[10]

The state started acquiring right-of-way for the Western & Atlantic Railroad in 1836. A train began running between Marietta and Marthasville (now Atlanta) in 1845.[11]

Painting of the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain

During the American Civil War, some Confederate troops were trained at a camp in Big Shanty (now Kennesaw), where the Andrews Raid occurred, starting the Great Locomotive Chase.[11] There were battles of New Hope Church May 25, 1864, Pickett's Mill May 27, and Dallas May 28. These were followed by the prolonged series of battles through most of June 1864 until very early July: the Battle of Marietta and the Battle of Noonday Creek.[12]c

The Battle of Allatoona Pass on October 5, 1864, occurred as Sherman was starting his march through Georgia. Union forces burnt most houses and confiscated or burnt crops.[13]

The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain June 27, 1864, was the site of the only major Confederate victory in General William T. Sherman's invasion of Georgia. Despite the victory, Union forces outflanked the Confederates.

In 1915, Leo Frank, the Jewish supervisor of an Atlanta pencil factory who was convicted of murdering one of his workers, thirteen-year-old Mary Phagan, was kidnapped from his jail cell and brought to Frey's Gin, two miles (3 km) east of Marietta, where he was lynched.

Cotton workers in Mableton, around 1900

Cotton farming in the area peaked from the 1890s through the 1920s. Low prices during the Great Depression resulted in the cessation of cotton farming throughout Cobb County.[14] The price of cotton went from 16¢ per pound (35¢/kg) in 1920 to 9½¢ (21¢/kg) in 1930. This resulted in a cotton bust for the county, which had stopped growing the product but was milling it. This bust was in turn, followed by the Great Depression.[11][15] To help combat the bust, the state started work on a road in 1922 that would later become U.S. 41, later replaced by Cobb Parkway in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

F-47 Thunderbolt – 128th Fighter Squadron – Marietta Army Airfield, 1946

In 1942, Bell Aircraft opened a Marietta plant to manufacture B-29 bombers and Marietta Army Airfield was founded. Both were closed after World War II, but reopened during the Korean War, when the air field was acquired by the Air Force, renamed Dobbins AFB, and the plant by Lockheed. During the Korean and Vietnam Wars, Lockheed Marietta was the leading manufacturer of military transport planes, including the C-130 Hercules and the C-5 Galaxy. "In Cobb County and other sprawling Cold War suburbs from Orange County to Norfolk/Hampton Roads, the direct link between federal defense spending and local economic prosperity structured a bipartisan political culture of hawkish conservatism and material self-interest on issues of national security."[16]

Kennesaw State University

When county home rule was enacted statewide by amendment to the Georgia state constitution in the early 1960s, Ernest W. Barrett became the first chairman of the new county commission. The county courthouse, built in 1888, was demolished, spurring a law that now prevents counties from doing so without a referendum.

In the 1960s and 1970s, Cobb transformed from rural to suburban, as integration spurred white flight from the city of Atlanta, which by 1970 was majority-African-American. Real-estate booms drew rural white southerners and Rust Belt transplants, both groups mostly first-generation white-collar workers. Cobb County was the home of former segregationist and Georgia governor Lester Maddox (1966–71). In 1975, Cobb voters elected John Birch Society leader Larry McDonald to Congress, running in opposition to desegregation busing. A conservative Democrat, McDonald called for investigations into alleged plots by the Rockefellers and the Soviet Union to impose "socialist-one-world-government" and co-founded the Western Goals Foundation. In 1983, McDonald died aboard Korean Air Lines Flight 007, shot down by a Soviet fighter jet over restricted airspace. I-75 through the county is now named for him.

Glover Park Bell, on the square in Marietta

In 1990, Republican Congressmen Newt Gingrich became Representative of a new district centered around Cobb County. In 1994, as Republicans took control of the U.S. House of Representatives for the first time in almost fifty years, Gingrich became Speaker of the House, thrusting Cobb County into the national spotlight.

In 1993, county commissioners passed a resolution condemning homosexuality and cut off funding for the arts after complaints about a community theater.[17] After protests from gay rights organizations, organizers of the 1996 Summer Olympics pulled events out of Cobb County, including the Olympic Torch Relay. The county's inns were nevertheless filled at 100% of capacity for two months during the event.[11]

In the 1990s and 2000s, Cobb's demographics changed. As Atlanta's gentrification reversed decades of white flight, middle-class African-Americans and Russian, Bosnian, Chinese, Indian, Brazilian, Mexican and Central American immigrants moved to older suburbs in south and southwest Cobb. In 2010, African-American Democrat David Scott was elected to Georgia's 13th congressional district, which included many of those suburbs. Cobb became the first Georgia county to participate in the Immigration and Nationality Act Section 287(g) enabling local law officers to enforce immigration law.

Geography
Union Trenches at Kennesaw Mountain, 1864
Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 345 square miles (890 km2), of which 340 square miles (880 km2) is land and 4.0 square miles (10 km2) (1.4%) is water.[18] The county is located in the upper Piedmont region of the state, with a few mountains located within the county, considered to be part of the southernmost extensions of the Appalachian Mountains.

The county is divided between two major basins. Most runoff flows into the Middle Chattahoochee-Lake Harding and Upper Chattahoochee River sub-basins of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin) along the southeastern border, directly via Willeo Creek, Sope Creek (Sewell Creek), Rottenwood Creek (Powers Creek, Poorhouse Creek, Poplar Creek), Nickajack Creek and others. The large Sweetwater Creek is the other major stream, carrying the waters of Noses Creek (Ward Creek, Olley Creek, Mud Creek), Powder Springs Creek (Rakestraw Creek, Mill Creek) and others into the Chattahoochee. A ridge from Lost Mountain in the west, to Kennesaw Mountain in the north-central, to Sweat Mountain in the extreme northeast, divides the far north-northwest of the county into the Etowah River sub-basin of the ACT River Basin (Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basin), which includes Lake Allatoona. Noonday Creek (Little Noonday Creek) flows northward into the lake, as does Allatoona Creek, which forms a major arm of the lake. Proctor Creek forms the much older Lake Acworth, which in turn empties directly into Lake Allatoona under the Lake Acworth Drive (Georgia 92) bridge. North Cobb is in the Coosa River basin.

There are several high points in Cobb County.

Adjacent counties
Metro Atlanta

Addressing

Despite the lack of a grid system of city blocks though the county, all street addresses have their numeric origin at the southwest corner of the town square in Marietta.

Geocodes and world's largest toll-free calling area
Cobb Energy Performing Arts Center

Originally in area code 404, the county was moved into area code 770 in 1995, and overlaid by area code 678 in 1998. Prior to 1995, those with phones tied to the Woodstock telephone exchange (prefixes 924, 926, 928, later 516 and 591) could also call the Canton exchange (479, later 445, then 704) as a local call. This became moot, along with other dual-zone exchanges in metro Atlanta, when the exurban exchanges (including Canton) were fully made a part of what was already the world's largest toll-free calling zone. It is a zone spanning 7,162 square miles (18,549 km2),[19] with four active telephone area codes, and local calling extending into portions of two others.

Cobb's FIPS county code is 13067. Because the National Weather Service has not subdivided the county, its WRSAME code is 013067, for receiving targeted weather warnings from NOAA Weather Radio. The county is primarily within the broadcast range of one weather radio station: KEC80, on 162.550 MHz,[20] transmitted to all of metro Atlanta and broadcast from NWSFO Peachtree City. The secondary station is the much newer WWH23 on 162.425 from Buchanan, which also transmits warnings for Cobb but has reception mainly in the western part of the county.[21]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18407,539—
185013,84383.6%
186014,2422.9%
187013,814−3.0%
188020,74850.2%
189022,2867.4%
190024,66410.7%
191028,39715.1%
192030,4377.2%
193035,40816.3%
194038,2728.1%
195061,83061.6%
1960114,17484.7%
1970196,79372.4%
1980297,71851.3%
1990447,74550.4%
2000607,75135.7%
2010688,07813.2%
2019 (est.)760,141[22]10.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[23]
1790–1960[24] 1900–1990[25]
1990–2000[26] 2010–2013[1]

2019 ACS Estimates
2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates: Cobb County, Georgia
Population[27]
Group Estimate Percent
Total Population 760,141
Population by Sex[27]
Group Estimate Percent
Male 369,344 48.6%
Female 390,797 51.4%
Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 94.5
Population by Age[27]
Group Estimate Percent
Under 5 years 46,140 6.1%
5 to 9 years 48,750 6.4%
10 to 14 years 50,223 6.6%
15 to 19 years 51,269 6.7%
20 to 24 years 47,816 6.3%
25 to 29 years 57,053 7.5%
30 to 34 years 55,120 7.3%
35 to 39 years 54,609 7.2%
40 to 44 years 52,072 6.9%
45 to 49 years 54,781 7.2%
50 to 54 years 51,622 6.8%
55 to 59 years 51,242 6.7%
60 to 64 years 43,027 5.7%
65 to 69 years 32,287 4.2%
70 to 74 years 27,913 3.7%
75 to 79 years 17,852 2.3%
80 to 84 years 10,089 1.3%
85 years and over 8,276 1.1%
Median age (years) 37.3
Population by Race and Ethnicity[28]
Group Estimate Percent
White 427,108 56.2%
--- White, not Hispanic or Latino 384,957 50.6%
Black or African American 213,192 28.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 101,121 13.3%
--- Mexican 54,597 7.2%
Some other race 52,378 6.9%
Asian 41,478 5.5%
--- Asian Indian 21,277 2.8%
Two or more races 22,470 3.0%
American Indian or Alaska Native 3,323 0.4%
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander 192 0.0%
Population by Nativity and Citizenship Status[29]
Group Estimate Percent
Native (born in the United States) 637,845 83.9%
--- Born in Georgia 304,978 40.1%
--- Born in other U.S. state 318,805 41.9%
------ Southern state 148,092 19.5%
------ Northeastern state 75,999 10.0%
------ Midwestern state 71,683 9.4%
------ Western state 23,031 3.0%
--- Native born outside U.S. states 14,062 1.8%
Foreign Born 122,296 16.1%
--- Not a U.S. citizen 66,442 8.7%
--- Naturalized U.S. citizen 55,854 7.3%

2010 Census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 688,078 people, 260,056 households, and 175,357 families residing in the county.[30] The population density was 2,026.4 inhabitants per square mile (782.4/km2). There were 286,490 housing units at an average density of 843.7 per square mile (325.8/km2).[31] The racial makeup of the county was 62.21% white, 24.96% black or African American, 4.46% Asian, 0.34% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 5.28% from other races, and 2.71% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 12.26% of the population.[30] In terms of ancestry, 10.4% were German, 10.0% were English, 9.3% were Irish, and 8.6% were American.[32]

Of the 260,056 households, 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.6% were non-families, and 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.17. The median age was 35.4 years.[30]

The median income for a household in the county was $65,522 and the median income for a family was $78,920. Males had a median income of $55,200 versus $43,367 for females. The per capita income for the county was $33,110. About 7.6% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.[33]

2000 Census

As of 2000, there were 697,553 people, 248,303 households, and 169,178 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,998 people per square mile (763/km2). There were 261,659 housing units at an average density of 770 per square mile (301/km2). The racial makeup of the county in 2000 72.4% White, 18.8% Black,[34] 0.3% Native American, 3.06% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 5.3% from other races, and 1.87% from two or more races. 7.73% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.[35]

There were 248,303 households, out of which 35.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.30% were married couples living together, 10.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.20% were non-families. 23.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.10% under the age of 18, 9.00% from 18 to 24, 36.50% from 25 to 44, 21.50% from 45 to 64, and 6.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.90 males.

As of 2007, the median income was $70,472. The per capita income for the county was $32,740. About 6.0% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.[36]

Education

Public schools

Private schools

Colleges and universities

Libraries

Cobb County maintains the Cobb County Public Library System.[45] The libraries provide resources such as books, videos, internet access, printing, and computer classes. The libraries in the CCPLS are:

  • Acworth Library
  • East Cobb Library
  • East Marietta Library
  • Gritters Library
  • Kemp Memorial Library
  • Kennesaw Library
  • Lewis A. Ray Library
  • Mountain View Regional Library
  • Powder Springs Library
  • Sibley Library
  • South Cobb Regional Library
  • Stratton Library
  • Sweetwater Valley Library
  • Switzer Library
  • Vinings Library
  • West Cobb Regional Library

The Smyrna Public Library is a city-owned library in Smyrna, and is not part of the county system.

Government and elections

Under Georgia's home rule provision, county governments have free rein to legislate on all matters within the county, provided that such legislation does not conflict with state or federal laws or constitutions.

Cobb County is governed by a five-member board of commissioners, which has both legislative and executive authority within the county. The chairman of the board is elected county-wide. The other four commissioners are elected from single-member districts. The board hires a county manager who oversees day-to-day operations of the county's executive departments.

Cobb County Board of Commissioners
DistrictNamePartyFirst electedRegion Represented [46]
  At-Large (Chair) Lisa Cupid Democratic 2020 All
  1 Keli Gambrill Republican 2018 Northwest Cobb
  2 Jerica Richardson Democratic 2020 Southeast Cobb
  3 JoAnn Birrell Republican 2010 Northeast Cobb
  4 Monique Sheffield Democratic 2020 Southwest Cobb


County residents also elect a sheriff, district attorney, probate court judge, clerk of superior court, clerk of the state court, state court solicitor, chief magistrate judge (who then appoints other magistrate court judges), superior court judges, state court judges, tax commissioner, surveyor, and a seven-member board of education. In addition to the county sheriff, the constitutional chief law enforcement officer of the county, Cobb County has a separate police department under the authority of the Board of Commissioners. The sheriff oversees the jail, to which everyone arrested under state law is taken, regardless of the city or other area of the county where it happens, or which police department makes the arrest.

Each city has a separate police department, answerable to its governing council. Marietta, Smyrna, and Austell have separate fire departments, with the Cobb County Fire Department being the authority having jurisdiction over Kennesaw, Acworth, Powder Springs, and unincorporated areas. Cobb 911 covers unincorporated areas and the city of Marietta. Kennesaw and Acworth jointly operate a small 911 call center (PSAP) upstairs in Kennesaw city hall, dispatching the police departments in both cities, and forwarding fire calls to Cobb. Smyrna operates a separate PSAP while offering dispatch services to the city of Powder Springs. Austell operates its own separate 911 system.

The county retails potable water to much of the county, and wholesales it to various cities.[47]

The current County Manager is Dr. Jackie R. McMorris.[48]

Politics

From 1964 until 2012, the county was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. The only time during this period that the county supported a Democrat was in 1976, when Jimmy Carter swept every county in Georgia. Before 1960 it was a typical “Solid South” Democratic county except when Warren G. Harding came close to carrying it in 1920 and Herbert Hoover won by nine points due to anti-Catholic voting against Al Smith in 1928.


The county has experienced a Democratic trend recently thanks to the influx of progressive voters most of the Atlanta area has experienced since the late 2000s. This became clear in 2016, when Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat to win Cobb County since Jimmy Carter, and the first non-Georgian Democrat since John F. Kennedy. The county swung over dramatically to support Joe Biden in 2020, giving Biden a 14-point win–the best showing for a Democrat since Jimmy Carter in 1976, and the best for a non-Georgian Democrat since John F. Kennedy.

In 2018, Stacey Abrams became the first Democrat to win Cobb County in a gubernatorial election since 1986 when Joe Frank Harris swept every county statewide.

Presidential election results
Previous presidential election results[49]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 42.0% 165,436 56.3% 221,847 1.6% 6,445
2016 45.8% 152,912 47.9% 160,121 6.3% 21,025
2012 55.3% 171,722 42.8% 133,124 1.9% 5,989
2008 54.1% 170,957 44.7% 141,216 1.3% 3,951
2004 61.9% 173,467 37.1% 103,955 0.9% 2,639
2000 59.8% 140,494 36.9% 86,676 3.3% 7,857
1996 56.9% 114,188 36.8% 73,750 6.3% 12,635
1992 52.6% 103,734 32.5% 63,960 14.9% 29437
1988 72.7% 106,621 26.8% 39,297 0.5% 740
1984 77.4% 97,429 22.6% 28,414
1980 54.3% 51,977 40.9% 39,157 4.9% 4682
1976 43.3% 34,324 56.7% 45,002
1972 85.1% 43,977 14.9% 7,688
1968 41.3% 18,649 19.4% 8755 39.4% 17,805
1964 55.6% 20,863 44.4% 16,647 0.0% 1
1960 39.0% 8,240 61.0% 12,906
1956 36.8% 6,798 63.2% 11,696
1952 29.0% 4,163 71.0% 10,182
1948 21.5% 1,524 67.2% 4,766 11.4% 808
1944 21.3% 1,349 78.8% 5,000
1940 18.2% 992 81.6% 4,447 0.2% 9
1936 20.1% 707 79.7% 2,802 0.2% 6
1932 6.6% 218 92.7% 3,079 0.7% 24
1928 54.5% 1,711 45.5% 1,426
1924 19.0% 362 71.2% 1,360 9.8% 188
1920 47.6% 1,095 52.5% 1,208
1916 18.7% 434 75.4% 1,750 5.9% 137
1912 18.4% 307 79.4% 1,329 2.2% 37
1908 33.6% 548 54.5% 889 11.8% 193
1904 12.8% 220 68.4% 1,171 18.7% 321
1900 19.7% 311 73.3% 1,156 6.9% 109
1896 33.8% 758 61.9% 1,387 4.1% 93
1892 19.6% 564 62.4% 1,794 17.9% 515
1888 25.0% 391 73.1% 1,143 1.7% 28
1884 28.0% 536 71.9% 1,372
1880 22.0% 559 77.9% 1,980

2020 voter suppression controversy

In 2020, in the turmoil surrounding the election defeat of Donald Trump, the chairman of the Cobb County Republicans and another person challenged the election results in an attempt to remove 16,024 Cobb County voters from eligibility to vote in the runoff election for both Georgia senators, scheduled for January 5, 2021. The county Board of Elections held a hearing to decide whether there was probable cause to move forward with hearings for each name on the list. The Board's attorney stated that there was not probable cause and gave reasons. After a brief discussion, the board voted unanimously to deny the challenge.[50][51]


Taxes

In addition to the 4% statewide sales tax, Cobb County levies an additional 2% for special projects, each 1% subject to separate renewal every few years by countywide referendum (including within its cities). This funds mainly transportation and parks. Cobb levies a 1% tax to lower property taxes, but only for the public school budget, and not the additional 1% HOST homestead exemption for general funds. The county has also voted not to pay the extra 1% to join MARTA.

At the beginning of 2006, Cobb became the last county in the state to raise the tax to 6%, which also doubled the tax on food to 2%. The SPLOST barely passed by a 114 vote margin, or less than one-quarter of a percent, in a September 2005 referendum. The revenue was to go to a new county courthouse, expanded jail, various transportation projects, and the purchasing of property for parks and green space.[52] In 2008, the school tax was renewed for a third term, funding the Marietta and Cobb school systems.

Economy

The Cobb County School District is Cobb County's largest employer, employing over 15,000 people.[53]

Private corporations include:

Retail

Shopping centers in the county include:

Diplomatic missions

The Consulate-General of Costa Rica in Atlanta is located in Suite 100 at 1870 The Exchange in an unincorporated section of Cobb County.[61]

Transportation
Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park

Major highways

Airports

Rail

Until 1971, the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, running on tracks now owned by CSX, operated passenger trains through Marietta depot.

Mass transit
  • Xpress GA/RTA commuter buses and CobbLinc Marietta/Cobb Counties Transit System serve the county. MARTA also has connecting bus service to the Cumberland, Georgia business district in the southeastern part of the county.

Recreation
See also: Cobb County Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs Department
Sope Creek Ruins
Silver Comet Trail and bike path

Venues

Communities
Cobb County landmark and reference point "The Big Chicken"
Historic Downtown Marietta

Cities

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Notable people

Sister county

See also

References
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  5. Martin, Jill. "Braves begin new chapter at SunTrust Park". CNN. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
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  15. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  17. Applebome, Peter (August 2, 1993). "County's Anti-Gay Move Catches Few by Surprise". The New York Times.
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