Ormeloxifene

Ormeloxifene, also known as centchroman, is one of the selective estrogen receptor modulators,[2] or SERMs, a class of medication which acts on the estrogen receptor. It is best known as a nonsteroidal oral contraceptive which is taken once per week. In India, ormeloxifene has been available as birth control since the early 1990s, and it was marketed there under the trade name Saheli,[3] currently available free-of-cost for the women in India as Chhaya (Centchroman).[4][5][6][7][8][9] Ormeloxifene has also been licensed under the trade names Novex-DS, Centron, and Sevista.

Ormeloxifene
Clinical data
Trade namesCentron, Novex-DS, Saheli, Sevista, Chhaya
Other namesCentchroman
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classSelective estrogen receptor modulator
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • US: Not FDA approved
  • Rx-only in India
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life7 days
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC30H35NO3
Molar mass457.614 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)
Ormeloxifene
Background
TypeAntiestrogen
First use1991
Failure rates (first year)
Perfect use2%
Typical use9%
Usage
Duration effectOne week
ReversibilityImmediate
User remindersTaken twice weekly for first 13 weeks
Clinic reviewAnnually
Advantages and disadvantages
STI protectionNo
PeriodsMay disrupt
Safe while breastfeedingYes[1]
WeightNo proven effect
BenefitsNon hormonal
RisksDelayed menstruation
Medical notes
Only approved as a contraceptive in India

Medical uses

Ormeloxifene is primarily used as a contraceptive but may also be effective for dysfunctional uterine bleeding and advanced breast cancer.[10]

Birth control

Ormeloxifene may be used as a weekly oral contraceptive.[10] The weekly schedule is an advantage for women who prefer an oral contraceptive, but find it difficult or impractical to adhere to a daily schedule required by other oral contraceptives.

For the first twelve weeks of use, it is advised to take the ormeloxifene pill twice per week.[10] From the thirteenth week on, it is taken once per week.[10][11] The consensus is that backup protection in the first month is a cautious but sensible choice. A standard dose is 30 mg weekly, but 60 mg loading doses can reduce pregnancy rates by 38%.[12]

It has a failure rate of about 1-2% with ideal use which is slightly less effective than found for combined oral contraceptive pills.[13]

Other indications

Side effects

There are concerns that ormeloxifene may cause delayed menstruation.[16]

Pharmacology

Ormeloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). In some parts of the body, its action is estrogenic (e.g., bones), in other parts of the body, its action is antiestrogenic (e.g., uterus, breasts).[17][18][19] It causes an asynchrony in the menstrual cycle between ovulation and the development of the uterine lining, although its exact mode of action is not well defined. In clinical trials, it caused ovulation to occur later than it normally would in some women,[13] but did not affect ovulation in the majority of women, while causing the lining of the uterus to build more slowly. It speeds the transport of any fertilized egg through the fallopian tubes more quickly than is normal.[13] Presumably, this combination of effects creates an environment such that if fertilization occurs, implantation will not be possible.[13]

History

Ormeloxifene was first discovered by Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India.[17][20] Ormeloxifene was marketed in Delhi in July 1991 and in India in 1992, under the brand names Saheli and Choice-7.[21][22]

Since 2018, Centchroman is provided free-of-cost to the women in India by the government under the brand name Chhaya.[4][5][7][8]

Society and culture

Marketing

As of 2009, ormeloxifene was legally available only in India.[23]

Ormeloxifene has been tested and licensed as a form of birth control, as well as a treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

  • manufactured by Torrent Pharmaceuticals, and marketed as birth control under the trade name Centron. Centron was discontinued.
  • A new license for ormeloxifene was issued to Hindustan Latex Ltd., which now manufactures ormeloxifene as birth control under the trade names Saheli, Novex, and Novex-DS.
  • Torrent Pharmaceuticals has resumed manufacture of ormeloxifene under the trade name Sevista, as a treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

See also

References
  1. Gupta RC, Paliwal JK, Nityanand S, Asthana OP, Lal J (1995). "Centchroman: a new non-steroidal oral contraceptive in human milk". Contraception. 52 (5): 301–5. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(95)00214-U. PMID 8585887.
  2. Makker, Annu; Tandon, Indu; Goel, Madhu Mati; Singh, Mastan; Singh, Man Mohan (2009). "Effect of ormeloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on biomarkers of endometrial receptivity and pinopode development and its relation to fertility and infertility in Indian subjects". Fertility and Sterility. 91 (6): 2298–307. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.04.018. PMID 18675966.
  3. "HLL - Product Overview". Archived from the original on 1 November 2018.
  4. humdo.nhp.gov.in https://humdo.nhp.gov.in/choice_for_planning/chhaya/. Retrieved 29 June 2020. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. "परिवार नियोजन विधियों में छाया से अधिक अंतरा में बढ़ी महिलाओं की दिलचस्पी, जानिये इनके बारे में". Patrika News (in Hindi). Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  6. "New Contraceptives". Hum Do | Family Planning. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  7. 7 Apr, Ishita Bhatia | TNN |; 2018; Ist, 13:08. "antara chhaya: Two months after launch, Antara, Chhaya contraceptives get good response from locals | Meerut News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 29 June 2020.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. Shelar, Jyoti (12 January 2018). "BMC rolls out new contraceptive pill". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  9. "Contraception and women's empowerment: Here's how safe, reliable contraceptives are freeing women to earn". Hindustan Times. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  10. Lal, J (April 2010). "Clinical pharmacokinetics and interaction of centchroman--a mini review". Contraception. 81 (4): 275–80. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.11.007. PMID 20227542.
  11. http://www.reproline.jhu.edu/english/1fp/1advances/old/1centch/ceorvw.htm%5B%5D
  12. Lal J, Nitynand S, Asthana OP, Nagaraja NV, Gupta RC (January 2001). "Optimization of contraceptive dosage regimen of Centchroman". Contraception. 63 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(00)00189-X. PMID 11257249.
  13. Singh, M.M. (2001). "Centchroman, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, as a contraceptive and for the management of hormone-related clinical disorders". Medicinal Research Reviews. 21 (4): 302–47. doi:10.1002/med.1011. PMID 11410933. S2CID 37474826.
  14. Kriplani A, Kulshrestha V, Agarwal N (August 2009). "Efficacy and safety of ormeloxifene in management of menorrhagia: a pilot study". J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 35 (4): 746–52. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00987.x. PMID 19751337. S2CID 39172838.
  15. Dhar A, Srivastava A (June 2007). "Role of centchroman in regression of mastalgia and fibroadenoma". World J Surg. 31 (6): 1178–84. doi:10.1007/s00268-007-9040-4. PMID 17431715. S2CID 22828570.
  16. Shelly, W; Draper, MW; Krishnan, V; Wong, M; Jaffe, RB (March 2008). "Selective estrogen receptor modulators: an update on recent clinical findings". Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 63 (3): 163–81. doi:10.1097/OGX.0b013e31816400d7 (inactive 20 January 2021). PMID 18279543.CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 (link)
  17. "CSIR-CDRI | Home". cdri.res.in. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  18. Gara Rishi Kumar, Konwar Rituraj, Bid Hemant K and MM Singh. In-vitro anti-cancer breast activity of ormeloxifene is mediated via induction of apoptosis and autophagy. 37th annual conference of the endocrine society of India. 30 Nov – 2 Dec 2007. Abstract p. 35.
  19. Nigam, Manisha; Ranjan, Vishal; Srivastava, Swasti; Sharma, Ramesh; Balapure, Anil K. (2008). "Centchroman induces G0/G1 arrest and Caspase-dependent Apoptosis involving Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization in MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells". Life Sciences. 82 (11–12): 577–90. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.11.028. PMID 18279897.
  20. "Centchroman". CSIR-CDRI. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  21. Singh MM (2001). "Centchroman, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, as a contraceptive and for the management of hormone-related clinical disorders". Med Res Rev. 21 (4): 302–47. doi:10.1002/med.1011. PMID 11410933. S2CID 37474826.
  22. Lal J (2010). "Clinical pharmacokinetics and interaction of centchroman--a mini review". Contraception. 81 (4): 275–80. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.11.007. PMID 20227542.
  23. Patil, Robin D. Tribhuwan & Benazir D. (2009). Body image : human reproduction and birth control : a tribal perspective. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8356-388-8.

Further reading
  • Ray, Suprabhat; Grover, Payara K.; Kamboj, Ved P.; Setty, B. S.; Kar, Amiya B.; Anand, Nitya (1976). "Antifertility agents. 12. Structure-activity relation of 3,4-diphenylchromenes and -chromans". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 19 (2): 276–9. doi:10.1021/jm00224a014. PMID 1249807.
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