COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 26 February 2020, the virus was confirmed to have spread to Norway. The number of cases increased rapidly during the month of March, thereby necessitating a number of safety measures aiming to achieve physical distancing to be introduced on 12 March. The first death attributed to COVID-19 was documented on the same day. Most confirmed cases that were traced to outside Norway were Norwegian tourists returning from Austria[3] and Italy.[1]

COVID-19 pandemic in Norway
Map of municipalities with confirmed coronavirus cases (red) and deaths (black) as of 17 January 2021
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationNorway
First outbreakAustria and Italy[1]
Index caseTromsø
Arrival date26 February 2020
(11 months, 1 week and 5 days ago)
Confirmed cases64,212[1]
Active cases5,145
Hospitalized cases94[1]
Critical cases30[1]
Ventilator cases22[1]
Recovered57,004[2]
Deaths
582[1]
Fatality rate0.91%
Government website
https://www.fhi.no/en/id/infectious-diseases/coronavirus/

As of 17 January 2021, Norway has performed over 3,000,000 tests[4] on 3,144,722 people[5] and reported 58,445 confirmed cases and 517 deaths.[1] A senior Norwegian Institute of Public Health consultant said one of the major reasons why the mortality rate was significantly lower than in other European countries (such as Italy, Spain, the UK) was the high number of tests performed in Norway.[6]

Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.[7][8]

Unlike SARS of 2003, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19[9][10] has been much lower, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[11][9]

Timeline

Semi-log plot of COVID-19 total cases, new cases and total deaths per-day in Norway.[12]

February 2020

On 26 February, Norway confirmed the first case of COVID-19. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health announced that someone tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after returning from China the previous week. The female patient was asymptomatic and in good health. She underwent a voluntary isolation at her home in Tromsø.[13][14]

On 27 February, the Norway Institute of Public Health announced that three more people were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Two of them lived in Oslo and were linked to the outbreak in Italy. The other lived in Bærum and was linked to the outbreak in Iran. All of them underwent a voluntary isolation at home.[15]

On 28 February, an individual from Bergen and an employee of Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, tested positive and were placed in home isolation. Both had visited Northern Italy.[16][17] 6 cases were confirmed in the country on the day.[16] On 29 February, there were 15 confirmed cases in Norway.[16]

March 2020

By 1 March, a total of 19 cases were confirmed. Mahad Ahmed Musse, the Chief of the Ullevål hospital in Oslo, informed that there are potentially over 100 people who came in contact with an infected staff member.[18][19]

On 3 March, there were 25 confirmed cases in Norway, with 5 from Vestland. An employee at the kjøpesenteret Horisont in Åsane is confirmed to have been infected by the virus, says center manager Lise Færøvik.[20] Until this time, most cases are imported from Italy, and none of the cases are seriously ill thus all self-quarantined at home. A worst case is evaluated with a quarter of the Norwegian population infected, and measures are being taken by the governments to handle 1 million people.

On 4 March, there were 56 confirmed cases in Norway, all of which are linked to known outbreaks abroad.[21] So far only some few of those have been infected in Norway (notably 5 cases in one department of the Ullevål hospital, infected by a colleague who had been to Italy).

By 10 March, the number of confirmed cases in Norway had spiked to 400, and a rising number of those cases could not be traced to foreign travel or any known person infected, indicating community transmission had started in Norway.[22]

On 12 March, a national lockdown was announced, effective from 18:00 the same day. For two weeks, schools, kindergartens, fitness centres, hair salons etc. were closed. Sports and cultural events and gatherings were banned and restrictions applied to restaurants.[23] These measures were in line with the those introduced in other European countries such as Denmark and Italy. The same day Norway had its first death due to the COVID-19 virus. The victim was an elderly person who died at Oslo University Hospital.[24]

As of 13 March, Norway introduced a ban on visits to Norway through Oslo airport. Norwegian and Nordic citizens, foreign residents in Norway and people continuing to another country are allowed anyway. Other people are dismissed and sent home as soon as possible and put in quarantine until then.[25] On 16 March this was extended to all borders of Norway and Nordic non-Norwegian citizens.[26] Domestic travel continues without any restriction. On 14 March, the second and third deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported.[27]

April 2020

On 6 April, the Norwegian Health Minister announced that the outbreak was "under control" and that the reproduction rate of Sars-CoV-2 had dwindled to 0.7 in the country.[28]

August 2020

An outbreak of coronavirus on the MS Roald Amundsen ship infected at least 5 passengers and 36 crew. Health authorities fear the ship could have infected dozens of towns and villages along Norway's western coast. There were 209 guests on the first voyage and 178 guests on the second voyage. All 158 crew members on MS Roald Amundsen have been tested and 122 were negative. The municipality of Tromsø is urging anyone who traveled on the ship or had any contact with the ship to get in touch with health authorities. A total of 69 municipalities in Norway have been affected, Norwegian news agency NTB reported. A German cruise ship last week set sail from Hamburg, testing procedures for how cruise ships can operate safely during the pandemic. The ship sailed with less than 50% capacity and only went on a four-day trip at sea with no stops at other ports. [29] [30]

October 2020

35 variations of the virus have been found in Norway.[31] As of 18 October 2020, Folkehelseinstituttet has counted one more likely mutation.[32]

Known mutations in Norway include:

  • S477N with genetic subgroup B. 1.5 (in Norway, also called "the tour bus virus" or "the bus tour virus"), has been found elsewhere in Europe and in Australia.[33][34]
  • N439K with genetic subgroup B. 1.160 [35]
Some restaurants (like Ladekaia in Trondheim) are open in April 2020, but the number of patrons allowed inside is limited and every other table is closed to enforce social distancing between customers.

Prevention measures and response

The Norwegian Directorate of Health introduced a number of measures from Thursday 12 March 2020:[36]

  • All educational institutions were closed and organized sports activities were to be discontinued.
  • A number of events and businesses were closed, including cultural events, sports events, gyms and swimming pools. All establishments in the hospitality industry such as bars, pubs and clubs other than those serving food were to close, and any establishment serving food would have to ensure that visitors could stay at least 1 meter apart.
  • Healthcare professionals working with patient care were prohibited from traveling abroad until 20 April 2020. The ban applied to both business travel and private travel.
  • Everyone who had returned from trips outside Sweden and Finland since 27 February were to quarantine, regardless of whether they showed symptoms or not.
  • Leisure travel was strongly discouraged. The Directorate discouraged travelling to work unless strictly necessary and encouraged avoiding public transport if possible, as well as avoiding crowded places.
  • People were requested not to visit others in institutions with vulnerable groups (the elderly, psychiatry, prison etc.) and generally encouraged to limiting close contact with others.
  • The public transport schedule was to run as normal, to ensure that people with critical social functions could get to and from work and be able to distance themselves from each other.

On 16 March, non-residents were banned from entering Norway.[37]

As of 19 March, residents were prohibited from staying in cabins outside their home municipalities, in order to avoid putting strain on rural medical infrastructure. People suspected or confirmed to be infected must follow stricter home isolation rules. The government established fines for people violating home quarantine and home isolation rules or organizing events.[38]

Economic policy

Many institutions were closed in order to fight the outbreak, which led to increased unemployment. Norges Bank first cut the national prime rate by a half point to 1.0% on 13 March, and the following week cut the prime rate again down to 0.25%.[39]

Vaccine

In Norway, 48,680 people got vaccinated as of 18 January 2021; mostly elderly people in nursing homes. All of the 23 deaths with potential links to the vaccine reported as of the 14th January occurred among severely frail elderly people with serious diseases. However, a causality to vaccination could not have been linked.[40][41]

As on average 300 to 400 people die each week in nursing homes in Norway, the Norwegian Medicines Agency expected that deaths close to the time of injection may occur, and is carrying in-depth analyses to find any link with the vaccine. It is possible that common side effects aggravated pre-existing conditions in some patients, but so far no statistical analyses showed an increase in the death rate of vaccinated people.

Norway is also closely monitoring side effects, with both reports from healthcare professionals and the public being registered in a common database. This should allow for a good overview of the situation once the vaccine is distributed in the general population, as well as an efficient collaboration with other countries. [42][43]

Statistics

Growth trajectory of cases in Norway. Exponential growth (dotted black line, doubling every day), cases data from FHI (blue points), fitted line for case data (red line).
New COVID-19 cases in Norway by region, FHI data()
Day Date Troms og Finnmark Oslo Viken Vestland Rogaland Agder Innlandet Møre og Romsdal Vestfold og Telemark Trøndelag Nordland Unknown Confirmed cases Deaths Svalbard Sources
New Total New Total
0 2020/02/26 1 1 1
1 2020/02/27 2 1 3 4 [44]
2 2020/02/28 1 1 1 2 7 [45]
3 2020/02/29 1 4 3 8 15 [46]
4 2020/03/01 2 2 4 19 [47]
5 2020/03/02 2 1 2 1 6 25 [48]
6 2020/03/03 1 3 3 1 8 33 [49]
7 2020/03/04 4 5 5 2 3 1 1 21 54 [50]
8 2020/03/05 7 6 5 2 1 1 2 6 30 84 [51]
9 2020/03/06 4 8 10 1 7 2 4 27 111 [52]
10 2020/03/07 5 12 1 5 4 6 1 34 145 [53]
11 2020/03/08 7 2 2 1 8 2 22 167 [54]
12 2020/03/09 5 2 9 3 1 1 2 23 190 [55]
13 2020/03/10 16 42 5 7 7 3 3 1 1 85 275 [56]
14 2020/03/11 1 72 38 10 38 1 7 2 10 3 212 489 [57]
15 2020/03/12 4 43 30 26 11 12 17 -1 7 12 1 132 621 1 1 [58][59]
16 2020/03/13 1 41 26 11 23 2 9 1 8 6 1 131 750 1 [60]
17 2020/03/14 4 15 51 23 14 18 8 9 9 3 3 156 907 1* 2 [61][62]
18 2020/03/15 4 59 47 17 8 3 15 4 9 4 166 1077 1* 2 [63]
19 2020/03/16 1 11 36 9 4 12 9 5 2 3 96 1169 0 2 [64]
20 2020/03/17 3 37 44 14 19 0 7 0 6 9 0 139 1308 0 2 [65]
21 2020/03/18 4 19 35 6 15 8 8 5 2 5 1 116 1423 1 3 [66]
22 2020/03/19 0 44 35 6 15 8 8 5 2 5 1 127 1552 3 6 [67]
23 2020/03/20 4 27 84 20 4 4 10 4 7 22 4 185 1742 1 7 [68][69]
24 2020/03/21 5 29 54 27 19 3 10 3 9 25 0 184 1926 0 7 [70]
25 2020/03/22 12 75 32 14 20 9 23 6 4 9 2 206 2142 0 7 [71]
26 2020/03/23 6 113 59 20 18 0 3 6 2 13 -1 239 2371 3 10 [72]
27 2020/03/24 4 22 73 45 14 1 12 2 9 14 0 196 2566 2 12 [73]
28 2020/03/25 14 62 69 18 15 9 30 9 12 22 4 264 2916 0 12 [74]
29 2020/03/26 18 97 62 29 17 6 2 5 22 40 2 300 3216 2 14 [75]
30 2020/03/27 23 159 111 35 7 14 53 3 10 25 7 447 3669 5 19 [76]
31 2020/03/28 13 86 41 26 27 11 28 6 3 20 6 267 3930 [77]
32 2020/03/29 14 129 59 9 1 2 18 1 5 15 4 257 4187
33 2020/03/30 3 51 11 15 0 5 12 0 9 15 2 123 4310
34 2020/03/31 6 64 62 7 12 10 35 1 11 9 4 221 4531
35 2020/04/01 5 48 45 23 4 14 34 8 6 10 10 207 4738
36 2020/04/02 7 98 81 20 11 17 17 5 10 10 6 282 5020
37 2020/04/03 12 59 110 15 19 14 6 11 11 12 3 272 5292
38 2020/04/04 2 96 108 27 17 6 10 7 16 9 3 301 5593
39 2020/04/05 3 48 52 4 4 3 2 2 3 8 1 130 5723
40 2020/04/06 0 44 32 17 5 1 7 1 4 3 1 115 5838
41 2020/04/07 3 47 39 5 1 5 4 -1 2 3 1 109 5947
42 2020/04/08 1 57 30 25 1 7 8 1 8 2 7 0 147
43 2020/04/09 2 50 35 30 0 6 6 0 3 11 2 5 150
44 2020/04/10 1 47 16 13 0 4 2 0 0 3 1 -3 84
45 2020/04/11 2 39 19 2 -1 5 3 0 1 2 3 1 76
46 2020/04/12 0 27 24 22 2 3 3 0 3 7 1 3 95
47 2020/04/13 3 33 22 0 0 2 1 1 6 0 4 1 73
48 2020/04/14 4 34 17 14 0 3 2 0 0 3 0 1 78
49 2020/04/15 3 25 26 45 2 2 1 0 3 2 2 0 111
50 2020/04/16 3 46 28 14 1 7 4 1 1 1 7 1 114
51 2020/04/17 6 35 23 24 4 2 2 0 7 4 3 -10 100
52 2020/04/18 3 29 16 20 4 9 4 0 2 4 1 1 93
53 2020/04/19 6 37 26 5 0 1 3 0 1 4 1 0 84
54 2020/04/20 5 24 4 3 1 5 0 0 0 2 0 1 45
55 2020/04/21 2 21 7 12 1 2 2 0 2 2 1 1 53
56 2020/04/22 2 35 27 5 2 9 4 0 0 1 0 -1 84
57 2020/04/23 3 40 24 7 2 9 1 1 2 8 0 -2 95
58 2020/04/24 -1 21 14 10 0 4 5 1 3 3 3 0 63
59 2020/04/27 3 51 24 6 3 3 6 1 3 25 0 0 125
60 2020/04/28 2 15 7 6 22 4 2 1 0 12 1 0 72
61 2020/04/29 3 15 22 12 1 1 5 1 1 1 0 0 62
62 2020/04/30 3 10 13 3 8 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 43
63 2020/05/04 5 52 28 10 0 5 9 0 4 21 1 2 137
64 2020/05/05 1 31 10 5 4 2 1 0 1 3 0 -2 56
65 2020/05/06 1 23 14 0 0 1 6 0 1 5 0 0 50
Total 245 2543 2088 822 452 314 500 117 270 486 110 6** N/A 14
Notes:

- Data by FHI represent total cases by the start of the day.

* - A new death on March 13 will only be reported by FHI on Monday March 16, according to Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI)[78]

* - From March 25th, number of cases are reported from a different reporting system (MSIS), causing a bump in cases on March 25th.[79]

COVID-19 cases in Norway  ()
     Deaths        Recoveries        Active cases
FebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayJunJunJulJul
Last 15 daysLast 15 days
Date
# of cases
# of deaths
2020-02-26
1(n.a.)
2020-02-27
4(+300%)
2020-02-28
7(+75%)
2020-02-29
15(+114%)
2020-03-01
19(+27%)
2020-03-02
25(+32%)
2020-03-03
33(+32%)
2020-03-04
54(+64%)
2020-03-05
84(+56%)
2020-03-06
111(+32%)
2020-03-07
145(+31%)
2020-03-08
167(+15%)
2020-03-09
190(+14%)
2020-03-10
275(+45%)
2020-03-11
489(+78%)
2020-03-12
621(+27%) 1(n.a.)
2020-03-13
750(+21%) 1(=)
2020-03-14
907(+21%) 3(+200%)
2020-03-15
1,077(+19%) 3(=)
2020-03-16
1,169(+8.5%) 3(=)
2020-03-17
1,308(+12%) 3(=)
2020-03-18
1,423(+8.8%) 6(+100%)
2020-03-19
1,552(+9.1%) 6(=)
2020-03-20
1,742(+12%) 7(+17%)
2020-03-21
1,926(+11%) 7(=)
2020-03-22
2,132(+11%) 7(=)
2020-03-23
2,371(+11%) 10(+43%)
2020-03-24
2,566(+8.2%) 12(+20%)
2020-03-25
2,916(+14%) 14(+17%)
2020-03-26
3,156(+8.2%) 14(=)
2020-03-27
3,581(+13%) 19(+36%)
2020-03-28
3,845(+7.4%) 22(+16%)
2020-03-29
4,102(+6.7%) 26(+18%)
2020-03-30
4,226(+3%) 32(+23%)
2020-03-31
4,447(+5.2%) 39(+22%)
2020-04-01
4,655(+4.7%) 44(+13%)
2020-04-02
4,935(+6%) 50(+14%)
2020-04-03
5,208(+5.5%) 59(+18%)
2020-04-04
5,510(+5.8%) 62(+5.1%)
2020-04-05
5,640(+2.4%) 71(+15%)
2020-04-06
5,755(+2%) 76(+7%)
2020-04-07
5,863(+1.9%) 89(+17%)
2020-04-08
6,010(+2.5%) 101(+13%)
2020-04-09
6,160(+2.5%) 108(+6.9%)
2020-04-10
6,244(+1.4%) 113(+4.6%)
2020-04-11
6,320(+1.2%) 119(+5.3%)
2020-04-12
6,415(+1.5%) 128(+7.6%)
2020-04-13
6,488(+1.1%) 134(+4.7%)
2020-04-14
6,566(+1.2%) 149(+11%)
2020-04-15
6,677(+1.7%) 150(+0.67%)
2020-04-16
6,791(+1.7%) 152(+1.3%)
2020-04-17
6,891(+1.5%) 160(+5.3%)
2020-04-18
6,984(+1.3%) 164(+2.5%)
2020-04-19
7,068(+1.2%) 165(+0.61%)
2020-04-20
7,113(+0.64%) 181(+9.7%)
2020-04-21
7,166(+0.75%) 182(+0.55%)
2020-04-22
7,250(+1.2%) 187(+2.7%)
2020-04-23
7,345(+1.3%) 194(+3.7%)
2020-04-24
7,408(+0.86%) 199(+2.6%)
2020-04-25
7,467(+0.8%) 201(+1%)
2020-04-26
7,505(+0.51%) 201(=)
2020-04-27
7,533(+0.37%) 205(+2%)
2020-04-28
7,605(+0.96%) 206(+0.49%)
2020-04-29
7,667(+0.82%) 207(+0.49%)
2020-04-30
7,710(+0.56%) 210(+1.4%)
2020-05-01
7,783(+0.95%) 210(=)
2020-05-02
7,809(+0.33%) 211(+0.48%)
2020-05-03
7,847(+0.49%) 211(=)
2020-05-04
7,905(+0.74%) 214(+1.4%)
2020-05-05
7,955(+0.63%) 215(+0.47%)
2020-05-06
7,996(+0.52%) 216(+0.47%)
2020-05-07
8,034(+0.48%) 217(+0.46%)
2020-05-08
8,070(+0.45%) 218(+0.46%)
2020-05-09
8,099(+0.36%) 219(+0.46%)
2020-05-10
8,102(+0.04%) 219(=)
2020-05-11
8,106(+0.05%) 224(+2.3%)
2020-05-12
8,152(+0.57%) 228(+1.8%)
2020-05-13
8,175(+0.28%) 229(+0.44%)
2020-05-14
8,196(+0.26%) 232(+1.3%)
2020-05-15
8,219(+0.28%) 232(=)
2020-05-16
8,237(+0.22%) 232(=)
2020-05-17
8,249(+0.15%) 232(=)
2020-05-18
8,257(+0.1%) 233(+0.43%)
2020-05-19
8,267(+0.12%) 233(=)
2020-05-20
8,281(+0.17%) 234(+0.43%)
2020-05-21
8,309(+0.34%) 235(+0.43%)
2020-05-22
8,332(+0.28%) 235(=)
2020-05-23
8,346(+0.17%) 235(=)
2020-05-24
8,346(=) 235(=)
2020-05-25
8,352(+0.07%) 235(=)
2020-05-26
8,383(+0.37%) 235(=)
2020-05-27
8,401(+0.21%) 235(=)
2020-05-28
8,411(+0.12%) 236(+0.43%)
2020-05-29
8,422(+0.13%) 236(=)
2020-05-30
8,437(+0.18%) 236(=)
2020-05-31
8,440(+0.04%) 236(=)
2020-06-01
8,446(+0.07%) 236(=)
2020-06-02
8,455(+0.11%) 237(+0.42%)
2020-06-03
8,477(+0.26%) 237(=)
2020-06-04
8,504(+0.32%) 238(+0.42%)
2020-06-05
8,522(+0.21%) 238(=)
2020-06-06
8,531(+0.11%) 238(=)
2020-06-07
8,547(+0.19%) 238(=)
2020-06-08
8,561(+0.16%) 239(+0.42%)
2020-06-09
8,576(+0.18%) 239(=)
2020-06-10
8,594(+0.21%) 239(=)
2020-06-11
8,608(+0.16%) 242(+1.3%)
2020-06-12
8,620(+0.14%) 242(=)
2020-06-13
8,628(+0.09%) 242(=)
2020-06-14
8,631(+0.03%) 242(=)
2020-06-15
8,647(+0.19%) 242(=)
2020-06-16
8,660(+0.15%) 242(=)
2020-06-17
8,692(+0.37%) 243(+0.41%)
2020-06-18
8,708(+0.18%) 244(+0.41%)
2020-06-19
8,726(+0.21%) 244(=)
2020-06-20
8,742(+0.18%) 244(=)
2020-06-21
8,745(+0.03%) 244(=)
2020-06-22
8,751(+0.07%) 248(+1.6%)
2020-06-23
8,772(+0.24%) 248(=)
2020-06-24
8,788(+0.18%) 249(+0.4%)
2020-06-25
8,788(=) 249(=)
2020-06-26
8,832(+0.5%) 249(=)
2020-06-27
8,846(+0.16%) 249(=)
2020-06-28
8,855(+0.1%) 249(=)
2020-06-29
8,862(+0.08%) 249(=)
2020-06-30
8,879(+0.19%) 250(+0.4%)
2020-07-01
8,896(+0.19%) 251(+0.4%)
2020-07-02
8,902(+0.07%) 251(=)
2020-07-03
8,921(+0.21%) 251(=)
2020-07-04
8,926(+0.06%) 251(=)
2020-07-05
8,930(+0.04%) 251(=)
2020-07-06
8,936(+0.07%) 251(=)
2020-07-07
8,947(+0.12%) 251(=)
2020-07-08
8,950(+0.03%) 251(=)
2020-07-09
8,965(+0.17%) 252(+0.4%)
2020-07-10
8,974(+0.1%) 252(=)
2020-07-11
8,977(+0.03%) 252(=)
2020-07-12
8,981(+0.04%) 252(=)
2020-07-13
8,984(+0.03%) 253(+0.4%)
2020-07-14
9,001(+0.19%) 253(=)
2020-07-15
9,011(+0.11%) 253(=)
2020-07-16
9,025(+0.16%) 254(+0.4%)
2020-07-17
9,025(=) 255(+0.39%)
2020-07-18
9,028(+0.03%) 255(=)
2020-07-19
9,028(=) 255(=)
2020-07-20
9,034(+0.07%) 255(=)
2020-07-21
9,053(+0.21%) 255(=)
2020-07-22
9,059(+0.07%) 255(=)
2020-07-23
9,071(+0.13%) 255(=)
Sources: Official reports from Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI)

Note: Number of recoveries is not verifiable, as there are no official sources for these data in Norway.

From March 25 onwards, the data is sourced from a different reporting system (MSIS), causing a bump in the official numbers on March 25. May 1st through 3rd, no reports were released, hence the sudden increase on May 4th.

See also

References

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