Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league

The World Health Organization declared the global pandemic on 11 March, the day before the 2020 NRL season was scheduled to start. The first round of games went ahead as scheduled but the pandemic restrictions already had an effect as attendances were lower than anticipated. Between rounds 1 and 2 the New Zealand Government introduced quarantine restrictions which would have meant the New Zealand Warriors having to go into a 14-day quarantine period had they returned home after their round 1 match. Instead the Warriors decide to relocate to Kingscliff, New South Wales and play their round 2 game at the Gold Coast Titans' Cbus Super Stadium instead of their home ground in Auckland.[1] The Warriors will also base themselves in New South Wales for the first three months of 2021.[2]

Rules introduced by the Australian Government limiting gatherings meant that round 2 games were played in empty stadia and on 23 March after round 2 the National Rugby League (NRL) suspended the season.[3] The Australian government allowed the NRL to restart the competition at the end of May with games initially being played behind closed doors at a limited number of venues but later limited crowds were allowed,[4][5] culminating with over 37,000 being allowed in to watch the Grand Final.[6] With strict bio-security rules introduced in Australia and with the travel restrictions imposed by the New Zealand government the New Zealand Warriors had to base themselves in Australia for the rest of the season.[1] Melbourne Storm were also affected by the COVID-19 situation in Victoria and chose to relocate to the Sunshine Coast, Queensland for the remainder of the season.[7]

The NRL introduced rule changes for player welfare, the most significant being the introduction of the six again or six-to-go rule for infringements at the ruck by defending teams instead of penalties being awarded. The number of referees per game was reduced from two to one.[8]

The length of the regular season was adjusted to 20 games and the J. J. Giltinan Shield was won by Penrith Panthers.[9] The Panthers reached the Grand Final but were defeated in the final by Melbourne Storm.[10]

The State of Origin series had to be moved from its traditional mid-season slot to October but was played with Queensland winning the series 2–1.[11][12]

The Women's Premiership took place as scheduled with Brisbane Broncos winning the Grand Final.[13] The State of Origin game was delayed until November and saw Queensland beat New South Wales 24–18.[14]

The 2020 Super League had already started when the global pandemic was declared with the first six rounds of the competition complete. The first effects were seen in round 7 when Leeds Rhinos refused to travel to Catalans Dragons for a game scheduled for 13 March as one the Leeds players was displaying symptoms of COVID-19. Three days later the Rugby Football League (RFL) suspended all competition at all levels.[15] The RFL suspension was only planned to last for three weeks with 2 April marked as the date for a return to playing, in the end it was 2 August before the Super League competition resumed.[16] In the interim period Toronto Wolfpack withdrew from the league citing financial pressures.[17] An application to be reinstated into Super League by Toronto was declined leading to a post-season process to decide a 12th Super League club for 2021.[18]

When the season did resume, it was a limited number of grounds and all games were played behind locked gates.[19] The only exception to the latter were three home games played by Catalans in Perpignan where French government COVID-19 regulations allowed crowds up to 5,000 to attend.[20] The time lost and Toronto's withdrawal led to two other significant changes to the season format. Firstly the number of rounds of games was reduced from the planned 29 to 22 and eventually to 20.[21] Secondly league position was decided by win percentage (number of wins divided by number of games played), a format not seen in British rugby league since the 1944–45 Wartime Emergency League.[22]

Fixtures were often postponed and re-arranged at short notice due to the numbers of players and coaching staff testing positive for COVID-19 with teams playing several games at short-notice and/or in a short space of time.[23] When it became apparent that no team was going to fulfil all its fixtures, exemplified by Hull Kingston Rovers announcement at the beginning of November that they would be unable to fulfil their remaining games, the clubs and the RFL agreed to end the season after round 20 and move to the play-offs.[24]

Having played 17 games and won 13, Wigan Warriors won the League Leaders Shield.[25] In the play-offs they and close rivals St Helens reached the Grand Final played at the KCOM Stadium, Hull, instead of the regular venue at Old Trafford due to concerns from Manchester United about the event likely needing to be reshedualed, which they could not accommodate.[26] The Grand Final saw St Helens triumphed 8–4 with a try scored after the final hooter had sounded.[27]

The RFL adopted the six-again rule introduced by the NRL and took the additional step of abolishing scrums. Scrums were replaced by a handover of possession and a new set of six tackles.[28]

Five rounds of the Championship competition and two rounds of the League 1 competition had been played by 16 March. After consultation with the clubs, both competitions were abandoned and declared null and void in July.[29] The 1895, the cup competition solely for the Championship and League 1 clubs, was cancelled.

When announcing the format of the 2021 competitions, the RFL announced that as a precaution against continued COVID-19 disruption both league tables will be based on win percentage.[30]

The Challenge Cup competition had completed the first five rounds before the suspension of the sport in March. In July the clubs met with the RFL and all the non-Super League teams remaining in the competition withdrew.[31] The RFL therefore remade the draw for the sixth and subsequent rounds to only include the 11 remaining Super League sides.[31] The final, which should have been played in July, was eventually played at an empty Wembley Stadium on 17 October and saw Leeds Rhinos beat Salford Red Devils 17–16.[32]

All league competitions were cancelled before any games had been played and the Challenge Cup competition was abandoned after a single game in the first round had been played.[33]

The six team European Championship due to be played in October and November was cancelled while the B, C & D championships also due to be played in October and November were postponed until 2021.[38]

The pandemic forced the organisers of the World Cup to develop contingency plans to defer the tournaments to 2022 should it become necessary to postpone in 2021.[39]