Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

The COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom has had far-reaching consequences in the country that go beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to quarantine it, including political, cultural, and social implications.

Arts and entertainment

Music

The "Wee Annie" statue in Gourock with a face mask, on 22 March

On 13 March, BBC Radio 1 cancelled its Big Weekend music festival, scheduled to take place at the end of May.[1] Other music events to be cancelled included the C2C: Country to Country festival,[2][3] the Glastonbury Festival,[4] the Isle of Wight and Download music festivals,[5] the Cambridge Folk Festival,[6] and the Love Supreme Jazz Festival.[7] The organisers of the Download festival announced plans to hold a virtual festival instead, featuring streamed performances and interviews.[8] Big Weekend organisers ran an alternative event, Big Weekend UK 2020, with musicians performing from their homes and on virtual stages, and performances from previous Big Weekend events.[9]

Among the artists and bands to postpone or cancel UK gigs or tours were Avril Lavigne and the Who.[3][10] Other, including Chris Martin of Coldplay, and Yungblud live-streamed performances on social media.[11] Various musicians announced free gigs for NHS staff.[12][13]

Visual arts

A number of artists began painting portraits of NHS workers, as a way of organising their work and thanking the for it.[14] An exhibition is planned, once the pandemic subsides.[14]

Theatre and cinema

On 15 March, London's Old Vic became the first West End theatre to cancel a performance when it ended its run of Samuel Beckett's Endgame two weeks early.[15] On 16 March, other theatres in London, as well as elsewhere around the UK, closed following Boris Johnson's advice that people should avoid such venues.[16] On 17 March, cinema chains Odeon, Cineworld, Vue and Picturehouse announced they would be closing all their UK outlets.[17] On 1 April, the 2020 Edinburgh festivals, planned for August, were cancelled.[18]

On 26 March the National Theatre launched National Theatre at Home, a two-month programme whereby a different production from its archives would be streamed for free each week. The project began with Richard Bean's comedy One Man, Two Guvnors, featuring James Corden.[19]

Television and radio

Television programmes to be affected included forthcoming series of Peaky Blinders and Line of Duty, which had their filming schedules delayed.[20] On 13 March, ITV announced that the 2020 series finale of Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway, scheduled to be broadcast from Walt Disney World in Florida would no longer go ahead after the resort announced its intention to close as a precautionary measure.[21] On 16 March, ITV announced that the filming schedule for its two soaps, Coronation Street and Emmerdale had not been affected by the pandemic,[20] but filming ceased on 23 March.[22] On 18 March ITV announced the semi-final of the ninth series of The Voice UK, scheduled for 28 March, would be postponed until later in the year.[23]

On 16 March, the BBC delayed implementation of its planned changes to TV licences for those aged over 75 from June to August.[24] On 25 March the BBC also announced that it would delay its plans to cut 450 news jobs due to the pressure of covering the pandemic.[25]

On 17 March, the BBC announced major changes to the schedule across the network. While some programmes were suspended, others such as Newsnight and The Andrew Marr Show continued with a smaller number of production staff. Some podcasts were also suspended.[26] On 18 March it was announced that filming of soap operas and regular dramas would be suspended.[27] The BBC also said it would show more educational programmes to cater for children not attending school,[28] and more programmes focused on health, fitness, education, religion and food recipes.[23] On 23 March, ITV ceased the live broadcasting of two programmes.[22]

On radio, some BBC World Service programmes were suspended. Summaries on Radio 2, Radio 3, Radio 4 and 5 Live were merged into a single output, with BBC 6 using the same script. The BBC Asian Network and Newsbeat worked together to maintain production of stories.[26] On 18 March, the BBC announced that its local radio stations in England would broadcast a virtual church service, led initially by the Archbishop of Canterbury, but with plans to expand religious services to cover other faiths.[23] On the same day Radio News Hub, a radio news bulletin provider based in Leeds, announced that it would produce a daily ten-minute programme giving a round-up of information about the pandemic, and that would be made available free of charge to radio stations.[29] On 28 March, BBC Local Radio announced that it had teamed up with manufacturers, retailers and the social isolation charity WaveLength to give away free DAB radios to people over 70.[30]

Defence

The coronavirus pandemic affected British military deployments at home and abroad. Training exercises, including those in Canada and Kenya, had to be cancelled to free up personnel for the COVID Support Force.[31] The British training mission in Iraq, part of Operation Shader, had to be down-scaled.[32] An air base supporting this military operation also confirmed nine cases of coronavirus.[33] The British Army paused face-to-face recruitment and basic training operations, instead conducting them virtually.[34] Training locations, such as Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and HMS Raleigh, had to adapt their passing out parades. Cadets involved were made to stand 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) apart in combat dress and there were no spectators in the grandstands.[35][36] Ceremonial duties[37][38] and displays were stopped.[39][40] The British Army deployed two experts to NATO to help counter disinformation around the pandemic.[41] The Government's defence and security review, named the Integrated Review, was delayed.[42]

In March 2020, following requests for military aid to the civil authorities, the Ministry of Defence announced the formation of the COVID Support Force under the Standing Joint Commander (UK), Lieutenant General Tyrone Urch at Aldershot to support public services and civil authorities in tackling the pandemic. Unlike the police and some other civil agencies, members of the armed forces (during peacetime) have no powers over and above those of ordinary citizens.[43][44] The support force initially consisted of 20,000 personnel but later grew to amount to 23,000.[45] Two military operations; Operation Rescript, based in the UK, and Operation Broadshare, focused on overseas defence activities, were launched.[46] Chief of the Defence Staff Nick Carter ordered the military to prepare for a "six month" operation and to be on an "operational footing" by mid-April.[47] The COVID Support Force was initially tasked with driving oxygen tankers for the NHS, as well as delivering medical supplies, including PPE, to hospitals.[43][48] Prior to the announcement of the COVID Support Force, the armed forces had assisted the British government in repatriating British citizens from affected areas, including China and Japan.[49] The Royal Air Force also repatriated British and EU citizens from Cuba.[50] The armed forces additionally assisted in the transportation of coronavirus patients around the UK, including Shetland and the Isles of Scilly.[51][52] On 23 March 2020, Joint Helicopter Command began assisting the coronavirus relief effort by transporting people and supplies. Helicopters were based at RAF Leeming to cover Northern England and Scotland, whilst helicopters based at RAF Benson, RAF Odiham and RNAS Yeovilton supported the Midlands and Southern England.[53]

The armed forces helped to build temporary hospitals, testing centres and mortuaries, and supported ambulance services across the country.[54][55][56] The COVID Support Force had responded to 76 requests for assistance from government ministries with 2,680 personnel deployed from a total of 23,000 on standby. 2,300 vehicles were also in use as temporary ambulances and to transport personnel and supplies in 34 locations across the country.[57] On 16 April 2020, it was reported that 9.1% of the defence workforce, representing 13,000 personnel, were off work due to coronavirus, whilst under 100 personnel had tested positive.[58] Carter described the military's assistance to the NHS as the "single greatest logistic challenge" he had come across.[59]

On 26 April 2020, forces were reported as testing critical workers and people at risk, in areas with "significant" demand.[60] Following the Government's announcement of a target of 100,000 coronavirus tests to be carried out per day, the armed forces helped deploy and operate mobile testing units.[61]

Education

Following cases in Italy, the Cransley School in Northwich, Cheshire, and Trinity Catholic College in Middlesbrough closed, as some of their pupils had returned with symptoms from Italy. Fourteen schools in England had closed by 28 February.[62] Loughborough University reported a student confirmed to have the virus after recent travel to Italy, and indicated that several staff members and students began self-isolation.[63]

Cambridge University closed all buildings from 20 March,[64] which was criticised by the local UCU as students from countries with weaker healthcare provisions would be forced to return home.[64] More than a thousand Cambridge students signed an open letter requesting alternatives to cancelled examinations in Cambridge, including the option to retake the year in 2020–21.[65]

Coventry University first suspended all graduation ceremonies due to be held in March and April,[66] and from 20 March, suspended all face-to-face teaching, in favour of on-line delivery.[67] Many other higher education institutions took similar steps at around the same time.[68]

All UK schools closed by 20 March 2020 for an indefinite period of time,[69][70][71][72] except for children of key workers and vulnerable children.[73] GCSE and A Level exams were cancelled, an unprecedented action in UK educational history, with results awarded using predicted grades and teacher assessment.[73][74][75] On 16 April the Department for Education said these grades would be published on their original intended dates, 13 August for A Levels and 20 August for GCSEs.[76] In Scotland it was announced that exams would not take place and coursework would not be marked for National 5, Higher and Advanced Higher courses with teachers estimating grades.[77][78]

On 7 May Welsh Government Minister Kirsty Williams MS, announced that schools in Wales would not reopen on 1 June.[79]

Events

On 23 March, Pride in London, the UK's largest LGBT Pride festival, scheduled for 27 June, was postponed. It was one of more than a hundred pride events to be postponed or cancelled in the UK.[80] On 3 April, Brighton Pride, scheduled for Saturday 1 August, was cancelled.[81]

On 6 April the Orange Lodge of Ireland announced that the traditional Twelfth of July parades in Northern Ireland had been cancelled.[82]

The national VE Day 75th anniversary events planned for 8 to 10 May were cancelled.[83]

Law and order

A poll published on 20 March concluded that 23% of British adults were strictly following the government's coronavirus advice.[84] In March police forces in each nation of the UK were given powers to arrest and fine citizens who broke lockdown rules.[85][86][87][88][89] The National Police Chiefs' Council said police had issued their first fines for people breaking lockdown rules on 27 March. The fixed penalty notices were £60 but would be reduced to £30 if paid within 14 days.[90] By 31 March, some police forces and individual officers, were being criticised by a variety of people including,[91] former Supreme Court judge Lord Sumption,[92][93] former Justice secretary David Gauke,[91] former Chancellor George Osborne and privacy and civil liberties group Big Brother Watch for over-zealous and incorrect application of the new powers.[91][94] Police had put black dye into Harpur Hill Quarry and using a drone, filmed people before posting the images on social media.[94] New guidance to "Engage, Explain, Encourage and Enforce"[95] was released by the National Police Chiefs Council.[92][96]

A group of people in London, 8 April 2020

According to data from the National Police Chiefs' Council, around 9,000 people were issued fines for breaking lockdown rules in England and Wales, between 27 March and 27 April.[97] National Police Chiefs’ Council figures from 27 March to 11 May (the date when fines in England increased[98]) showed that more than 14,000 fines were issued for breaking lockdown rules in England and Wales. There were 862 repeat offenders in the figures with one person fined 9 times. The Easter weekend (11 and 12 April) had the highest amount of fines issued within the period. The Crown Prosecution Service stated 56 people were wrongly charged, mainly due to Welsh regulations being applied in England and vice versa.[99][100][101] In the first two weeks of the coronavirus police powers being introduced more than 500 fixed penalty notices were issued in Scotland.[102] Police Scotland figures from 6 April to 6 May showed that there had been 21,487 breaches of lockdown rules. The figures highlighted that people were attracted to rural beauty spots with two areas Loch Lomond and Stirling in the top five areas of Scotland for breaches.[103] When caught breaking lockdown black people were given fines twice as often as white people by the Metropolitan Police.[104][105]

There have been reports of hate incidents against Italian and Chinese persons and a Singaporean student was assaulted in London in an attack that police linked to coronavirus fears.[106][107] In addition there have been reports of young people deliberately coughing and spitting in the faces of people, including an incident involving health workers.[108][109][110][111][112]

On 9 May, police broke up an anti-lockdown protest took place in London consisting of around 40 people. It was thought to be the first such protest in the UK following protests in other nations.[113] It was reported that around 60 protests had been planned on the weekend of the 16 May, with police saying that they were preparing to break them up.[114] Protests took place in Belfast, Glasgow, London and Southampton, with several protesters arrested and fined at the London demonstration.[115]

Following a conspiracy theory regarding 5G mobile phone masts, 77 mobile phone masts were attacked across the country,[116] including the one serving NHS Nightingale hospital in Birmingham. Philip Jansen, the chief executive of BT, said that 39 engineers had been physically or verbally assaulted by members of the public, with some also receiving death threats.[117] The trade union the Communication Workers Union stated that they had received 120 reports of workers being abused.[118]

Fraud

Following the commencement of the job retention scheme, there had been over 800 reports of fraudulent claims by mid-May. Employers were accused of claiming whilst still having employees attend work.[119] During the contact tracing app trial on the Isle of Wight the Chartered Trading Standards Institute found evidence of a phishing scam. In the scam recipients would receive a text stating that they had been in contact with someone with COVID-19 and were directed to a website to input their personal details.[120] The National Cyber Security Centre had taken down over 2,000 examples of fraud during March and April.[121] Local councils found fake goods being sold including testing kits, face masks and hand sanitiser. There had also been reports of scams involving the replacement school meals scheme and incidents of people posing as government officials and council workers depending on their target along with fake IT workers.[122] Benefit officials said that up to £1.5 billion could have been lost due to fraudulent benefit claims.[123]

Courts and prisons

On 17 March, trials lasting longer than three days were postponed until May in England and Wales, while Scottish courts were not starting any new trial indefinitely. In England and Wales those cases already running would continue in the hope of reaching a conclusion.[124][125]

The government released specific guidance to prisons in the event of coronavirus symptoms or cases, specifically the rule that "any prisoner or detainee with a new, continuous cough or a high temperature should be placed in protective isolation for 7 days".[126] There are around 83,000 prisoners in England and Wales.[127] On 24 March, the Ministry of Justice announced that prison visits would be suspended and that inmates would be confined to their cells.[128] To maintain communication between prisoners and their families, the government promised 900 secure phones to 55 prisons, with calls being monitored and time-limited.[129] In a committee meeting on the same day, Justice Secretary Robert Buckland suggested that 50 pregnant inmates might be given early release, and another 9,000 inmates awaiting trial could be transferred to bail hostels.[130]

On 14 April, the Ministry of Justice ordered 500 modular buildings, reportedly adapted from shipping containers, to provide additional single prison cell accommodation at seven jails: HMPs North Sea Camp, Littlehey, Hollesley Bay, Highpoint, Moorland, Lindholme and Humber.[131] Following a COVID-19 case in HMP Manchester, public services think tank Reform called for the release of 2,305 "low-risk" offenders on short sentences to reduce the risk of coronavirus on the prison population.[132][133] Similar actions have been taken in Iran and the United States.[134] Former justice secretary David Gauke echoed similar sentiments, citing the "churn" of prisoners going in and out of prison as a risk.[135] Up to 4,000 prisoners in England and Wales are to be released.[136] Amnesty International's Europe Deputy Director of Research said that authorities in UK should consider releasing those who are more vulnerable to COVID-19.[137]

On 18 March, the first coronavirus case was reported within the UK prison population. The prisoner, who had been serving time in HMP Manchester (commonly referred to as Strangeways), was moved to a hospital. While no other prisoners or staff tested positive for the virus, thirteen prisoners and four members of staff were put into isolation as a precaution.[138] On 26 March, it was reported that an 84-year-old sex offender had died from COVID-19 on 22 March at HMP Littlehey in Cambridgeshire, becoming the first inmate in the UK to die from the virus.[127] On 28 April, Public Health England had identified around 2,000 "possible/probable" and confirmed COVID-19 cases; outbreaks had occurred in 75 different institutions, with 35 inmates treated in hospital and 15 deaths.[139] In mid-May the Scottish Prison Service said that six inmates who had died were suspected to have had COVID-19.[140]

On 19 July, the Ministry of Justice announced the creation of ten temporary courts for England and Wales, to help cope with the backlog of cases.[141]

Immigration centres

During mid-March, 300 people were released from immigration detention centres because of the pandemic following a campaign by charities concerned with an outbreak of COVID-19 in the centres.[142] On 25 March, it was reported that three immigration detention centres had reported cases of people with coronavirus.[143] On 2 April, a letter leaked from G4S, a company running immigration detention centres for the Home Office, said detainees who were at high risk from COVID-19 were being put in solitary confinement.[144]

Racial disparities

In all countries which collect and publish data on race, COVID-19 has disproportionately affected communities of colour. In the UK, ethnic minorities are generally more likely to work in jobs (such as security guards or supermarket staff) where they are most likely to be exposed to the public, and therefore at greater risk of infection.[145] They are also more likely to live in cities and urban environments and in crowded multi-generational households. In addition, ethnic minorities are more likely to have pre-existing conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, which increase the risk of dying from the virus.[145]

According to a government-ordered inquiry released by Public Health England in June 2020, Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) people in the UK are more likely to contract and die from COVID-19 complications than White Britons.[146] Black people in the UK are more likely to be diagnosed with the disease, but the disparity in death rates is greatest among people of Bangladeshi heritage, who are twice as likely to die of COVID-19 than White people.[146]

Data from the Office for National Statistics (2 March–28 July 2020) showed that most ethnic minorities in England and Wales (excluding Indians and Chinese) are more likely than Whites to live in the most deprived 10% of areas in the UK, where death from COVID-19 is more likely.[145] In England, a Black man is nearly 4 times as likely to die from the disease than a White man of the same age.[147] Bangladeshis are two times as likely to live in such areas, and Bangladeshi men are three times as likely to die from the disease.[145] When adjusting for geography, this ratio fell to 2.3; controlling for poverty and exposure at work, this fell to 1.9; controlling for self-reported health concerns and pre-existing conditions, this still left the Bangladeshi men 1.5 times more likely to die from COVID-19 than White men of the same age.[145] This coincides with reports from epidemiologists such as Sir Michael Marmot and others, who conclude that worse health of Black people worldwide (particularly Black men) can be explained by conventional socioeconomic measures only in part; discrimination and prejudice in healthcare, more pre-existing health conditions and possible genetic factors are considered to play a part.[145]

Religion

Statement at Scottish Episcopal Church in Gourock: no public services until further notice.

The Church of England and other Anglican churches in the British Isles suspended in-person worship during the COVID-19 pandemic.[148][149][150] The Archbishop of Canterbury led a virtual service that was broadcast on 39 local BBC stations.[151] The Catholic Church, Methodist Church in Great Britain and the Society of Friends also put a temporary moratorium on public worship.[152][153]

The Chief Rabbi in the United Kingdom advised the suspension of worship in synagogues, and the Muslim Council of Britain ordered the closure of mosques in the country.[152]

In September 2020, just under 700 British church leaders and ministers submitted a letter to Prime Minister and the First Ministers of the devolved assemblies urging that churches would not be closed again.[154]

Royal family

On 19 March, the 93-year-old Queen Elizabeth II left London for Windsor Castle.[155] On the same day she issued a message to the nation noting that the country and the world were entering a period of great concern and uncertainty.[156] On 5 April 2020 the Queen gave a televised address watched by 23.97 million people.[157][158] The Queen additionally recorded an audio message for Easter Saturday, in which she spoke of hope and said "coronavirus will not overcome us".[159][160] The annual gun salute and Trooping the Colour to mark the Queen's birthday were cancelled for the first time.[161][162]

In March, Prince Charles greeted people with a namaste gesture instead of a handshake at the Commonwealth Service at Westminster Abbey and the Prince's Trust Awards.[163] On 10 March, Charles met Albert II, Prince of Monaco, who later was diagnosed with the infection.[164] On 25 March, Charles tested positive and self-isolated at Birkhall on the Balmoral Castle estate.[165][166] Concerns were raised for the health of the entire royal family, as well as concerns that he may have unwittingly become a super-spreader of the disease due to the vast number of people he regularly meets. Charles last saw the Queen on 12 March, one day before the earliest date medical experts believed he would have been contagious.[164] The Duchess of Cornwall tested negative, but self-isolated.[165][166] On 30 March Clarence House, the Prince's official residence, confirmed that he had come out of self-isolation after seven days having recovered from the illness.[167][168] The Prince released a video message on 1 April in support of Age UK.[169] Charles remotely opened the Nightingale hospital at the ExCeL on 3 April, which was the first time any member of the royal family had opened something remotely.[170] On 6 April, the Duchess came out of self-isolation after showing no symptoms for 14 days.[171]

Princes William and Harry both sent messages out via social media in response to the pandemic on 19 March.[172] The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge supported a PHE campaign to protect people's mental health.[173] William remotely opened the Nightingale Hospital at the National Exhibition Centre on 16 April.[174] Prince William allowed land at Kensington Palace to be used for refuelling air ambulances.[175] The Duchess of Cambridge launched a new initiative with the National Portrait Gallery called "Hold Still", to highlight heroes and helpers and acts of kindness.[176][177] The Royal Foundation launched a mental health initiative called "Our Frontline".[178] Prince Philip issued a rare statement on 20 April, in which he thanked key workers.[179][180] The Countess of Wessex and Princess Eugenie helped charities in preparing and delivering food to NHS staff amidst the pandemic.[181][182] Sarah, Duchess of York's foundation the Sarah's Trust helped with providing aid for NHS, care home and hospice staff by delivering more than 150,000 items, including food, masks, scrubs, and toiletries.[183] The Duke of Cambridge also volunteered for the crisis helpline Shout 85258, providing anonymous mental support via text message to people during the lockdown.[184]

Further royal events in May and June were postponed or cancelled including Princess Beatrice's wedding.[185][186][187][188]

Sociological research

In March 2020, UK Research and Innovation announced[189] the launch of a website to explain the scientific evidence and the facts about the virus, the disease, the epidemic, and its control, in a bid to dispel misinformation. The editorial team come from University of Oxford, European Bioinformatics Institute, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Imperial College London, University of Glasgow and King's College London.[190]

Research carried out by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford concluded that of 225 examples false or misleading claims about coronavirus 88% of the claims had appeared on social media platforms, with 9% of the claims on television and 8% in news outlets.[191][192] One such claim about 5G mobile phone masts which began on social media, ended up with arson attacks on masts.[193] A YouGov survey for the Institute concluded that 54% of the people polled thought that the UK government was doing a good job of responding to the pandemic. A quarter of those surveyed felt that the pandemic had been exaggerated by the media indicating that criticism could be eroding trust.[194][195][196] An earlier Sky News survey also concluded that people surveyed thought that the media were being overly critical of the government.[196][197] The Sky News survey simply asked the public about trust in journalists. Polls by YouGov, the Reuters Institute, Survation, Ipsos MORI and research by Ofcom, concluded that broadcasters and newspapers were widely considered to be the most trusted sources of information on pandemic.[196] According to research from Ofcom, the BBC was the most trusted broadcaster on the pandemic, followed by ITV, Sky, Channel 4 and Channel 5.[198][196] The newspapers The Guardian, Financial Times, The Daily Telegraph and The Times were ranked with trust levels similar to that of the television broadcasters during the pandemic.[196][199] A survey by YouGov for the Reuters Institute concluded that the BBC's output dominated online news coverage in the UK with 36% of the population saying that they had been on the corporation's website to consume news. Around 16% polled said that they had visited The Guardian's website, with Sky News and MailOnline in joint third place with 9% of those polled saying that they had visited their sites.[199] A few weeks after the start of the pandemic Reuters Institute and Ofcom both said that people were actively trying to avoid the news coverage about it.[199][196]

A study by a team of researchers from the University of Sheffield and Ulster University concluded that young men were more likely to break lockdown rules than women. The study concluded that those suffering from depression were more likely to break the rules. Around half of the participants said that they felt anxious during the restrictions. The team called on the government to issue better target messages for young people.[200] According to data from the National Police Chiefs' Council, two-thirds of the people who were issued fines for breaking lockdown rules in England and Wales, between 27 March and 27 April, were between the ages of 18 and 34. Approximately eight out of 10 of those who were issued fines were men.[97]

Research by the Institute for Fiscal Studies concluded that children from wealthy homes were spending more time studying at home when compared to those from the poorest households.[201]

Sport

Competitive sport eventually resumed with games being played without spectators.
A socially distanced crowd at Wetherby Road watching Harrogate Town v Salford City in tier 2 (19 December 2020)

The Premier League suspended pre-match handshakes on 6 March.[202] On 10 March, the Premier League match between Manchester City and Arsenal was postponed in light of confirmation that Nottingham Forest and Olympiacos owner Evangelos Marinakis had contracted the virus. Marinakis had met with several Arsenal players when the London side hosted Olympiacos in a Europa League round of 32 match.[203] On 10 March the four-day National Hunt horse racing Cheltenham Festival took place with more than 250,000 people attending the four-day festival albeit with enhanced hygiene measures in place,[204][205] as did the All England Open Badminton Championships in Birmingham the next day.[206]

Six Day Manchester,[207] Men's Curling World Championships,[208] Gymnastics World Cup in Birmingham,[209] Henley Royal Regatta,[210] Mountain Bike World Cup leg in Fort William,[211] London leg of the Diving world cup,[212] MLB and NFL games due to be held in London,[213][214] North West 200, The Hundred,[215] Anniversary Games,[216] RideLondon,[217] Tour of Britain,[218] The Women's Tour,[219] 2020 Grand National meeting,[220] The Open,[221] The Grand National,[222] Wimbledon and British grass court tennis events, the Boat Races, British motorcycle Grand Prix due to be held in Silverstone,[223] and Wales Rally GB[224] were all sporting events due to be held in the UK during 2020 that were cancelled.[225][226][227]

The London Marathon,[228] Edinburgh Marathon,[229] World Snooker Championship,[230][231] Snooker's Tour Championship were postponed,[232] along with seasons in Football, Rugby League and Union,[233][234][235] cricket,[236][237] netball, darts, motorsport, horse racing and boxing events were postponed.[222][238] and all motor racing events sanctioned by the national governing body Motorsport UK were suspended until May.[239]

Liverpool FC's second leg Champions League last 16 match against Atlético Madrid went ahead, despite Spain being in partial lockdown.[240][241] An investigation by Liverpool authorities was announced into whether there were any links between the match and coronavirus in the city.[242][243][244] Angela McLean, deputy chief scientific adviser to the UK government said that the idea that the match could have significantly contributed to the spread of the virus was an interesting hypothesis.[245]

It was also thought that the Cheltenham Festival may have accelerated the spread of coronavirus.[246][247] There were calls from public health officials into why the festival was allowed to go ahead.[248] Boris Johnson's attendance at the England v Wales Rugby Union match was cited as one of the reasons why the festival went ahead.[249] The Government defended the festival organisers decision to go ahead with the meeting.[250]

The Olympic Boxing Qualification tournament for European boxers was suspended after three days of competition.[251][252] Several coaches and athletes who attended the event later tested positive and thought that they had caught COVID-19 from the event.[253] The International Olympic Committee said that it's boxing task force were not aware of any link between the event and the virus.[254]

No sport was allowed to take place in England until 1 June.[255] On 31 May 2020, the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) announced the return of live competitive sport with the condition of being played with safety assured in terms of social distancing and a carefully controlled environment. According to the ruling, the sporting events will have no spectators in attendance and take place behind closed doors.[256] The first competitive sport to be held in the UK since the suspension of events was Snooker's Championship League at the Marshall Arena in Milton Keynes.[257]

In July it was announced that a trial of fans in attendance at events would happen. These included horse racing, cricket and snooker events.[258][259] In the wake of several local lockdowns being implemented the trial of fans attending events was stopped at the beginning of August. Spectators had been present for the first day of the World Snooker Championship, with World Snooker Chairman Barry Hearn hoping that people would be allowed to watch the final. People had also attended the Goodwood Festival but were prevented to do so for the final day. Cricket matches involving Surrey and Middlesex and Warwickshire and Northamptonshire which would have had fans in attendance for the first two days were played behind close doors.[260]

Spectators were allowed to attend the final of the World Snooker Championship with trails beginning again with a view for all sports to allow to have fans attend from the 1 October.[261] On the 9 September the plan to allow fans back in October was placed under review,[262] before a complete stop of the trial and abandoning of fans to return in October on 22 September. Rugby Union matches involving Bath and Gloucester and Bristol and Leicester and a horse racing meeting at Newmarket which were part of the trial would no longer have any attendees.[263][264]

References

  1. "Coronavirus: Coachella, Radio 1's Big Weekend, BTS and other music events affected". CBBC Newsround. 13 March 2020. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  2. Freeman, Jon (12 March 2020). "C2C Festival Postponed Over Coronavirus Pandemic". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  3. "Coronavirus: Gigs and events cancelled so far". 15 March 2020. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  4. Savage, Mark (18 March 2020). "Glastonbury festival cancelled due to coronavirus". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  5. Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (26 March 2020). "Download and Isle of Wight festivals cancelled due to coronavirus". The Guardian.
  6. Ryder, Alistair (27 March 2020). "Another summer festival has been cancelled this year in Cambridge". cambridgenews.
  7. "Love Supreme Jazz Festival 2020 has been postponed". Jazz FM. Planetradio.co.uk. 15 April 2020. Archived from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  8. "Cancelled Download to be 'virtual festival'". BBC. 16 April 2020.
  9. "Radio 1 announces alternative Big Weekend 2020 line-up". BBC News. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  10. "Billie Eilish, the Who and BTS among tours and festivals cancelled over coronavirus". 13 March 2020. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  11. Savage, Mark (17 March 2020). "Pop stars live-stream concerts to combat isolation". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  12. Savage, Mark (25 March 2020). "Paul Heaton and Jacqui Abbott to play free NHS gig". BBC News.
  13. Mylrea, Hannah (15 April 2020). "All the free NHS gigs planned for 2020 and beyond". NME. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  14. "The artists painting front-line workers for free". BBC News. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  15. "Endgame as Old Vic becomes first London theatre to cancel performances". 15 March 2020. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  16. "West End shuts down after PM's coronavirus advice". BBC News. 16 March 2020. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  17. "Most UK cinemas shut after virus advice". BBC News. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  18. "Edinburgh festivals cancelled due to coronavirus". BBC News. 1 April 2020.
  19. correspondent, Mark Brown Arts (26 March 2020). "National Theatre to broadcast shows online on Thursdays". The Guardian.
  20. "Coronavirus: Coronation Street and Emmerdale 'to remind about hand-washing'". BBC News. 16 March 2020. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  21. "Saturday Night Takeaway Walt Disney World finale in Florida cancelled". Metro. 13 March 2020. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  22. "Lorraine and Loose Women to stop live broadcasting as Coronation Street and Emmerdale suspend filming". ITV News. ITV. 22 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  23. "Coronavirus: BBC and ITV revamp broadcast plans amid outbreak". BBC News. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  24. "Coronavirus: BBC delays over-75 TV licence fee changes". BBC News. 16 March 2020. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  25. "BBC News suspends 450 job cuts to ensure Covid-19 coverage". BBC News. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  26. "BBC News sets out plans to keep audiences receiving trusted and accurate information" (Press release). BBC. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  27. "Coronavirus: EastEnders, Casualty, Doctors and Holby City suspend filming". BBC News. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  28. Speck, Dave (18 March 2020). "Coronavirus: BBC works with schools to offer TV lessons". Times Educational Supplement. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  29. "Free daily coronavirus news round-up available". Radio Today. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  30. "BBC to give away DAB radios to some over 70s". Radio Today. 28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  31. "10,000 extra troops to join British army's Covid support force". The Guardian. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  32. "Coronavirus: Britain could see biggest mobilisation of military since Iraq war". Sky News. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  33. "Coronavirus: Commander Of British Forces Cyprus Says Community Has 'Stood Tall'". forces.net. 15 April 2020. More than 3,000 members of the UK military live and work in Cyprus, and so far, there have been 9 mild cases of COVID-19 within the British bases.
  34. "Army announcement". British Army. 19 March 2020.
  35. "New-Look Parade As Officer Cadets Pass Through Sandhurst During Pandemic". forces.net. 4 April 2020.
  36. "Recruits Finish Training Amid Coronavirus Response". Royal Navy. 27 March 2020.
  37. "Changing the Guard continues but without Music or Ceremony". British Army. 20 March 2020.
  38. "Queen's Birthday Gun Salutes Cancelled Over Coronavirus Restrictions". forces.net. 18 April 2020.
  39. "Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on RAF Display Teams in 2020". Royal Air Force. 25 March 2020.
  40. "Battle Of Britain Commemorations To Take Place Online". forces.net. 7 April 2020.
  41. "Coronavirus: Army Experts To Help NATO Combat Disinformation". forces.net. 15 April 2020.
  42. "Major Defence And Security Review Paused Over Coronavirus". forces.net. 15 April 2020.
  43. "Military stands up COVID Support Force". Government of the United Kingdom. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  44. Ministry of Defence (8 April 2020). "Standing Joint Command (SJC): Resilience of the UK". Medium. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  45. "Coronavirus: Up to 3,000 armed forces reservists to aid military response". BBC News. 2 April 2020.
  46. "Coronavirus: Up to 20,000 troops on standby to help deal with COVID-19 outbreak". Sky News. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  47. "Defence Chief tells military to prepare for six-month operation whilst warning of threats from 'those who wish to undermine our way of life'". The Telegraph. 20 March 2020. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  48. "COVID Support Force: the MOD's contribution to the coronavirus response". Government of the United Kingdom. 23 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  49. "Military Aid to Civil Authorities: The COVID Support Force". Ministry of Defence. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020 via Medium.
  50. "RAF assist repatriation flight of British and EU citizens from Cuba". UK Defence Journal. 22 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  51. "Military called in to fly Covid-19 patient to intensive care". shetnews.co.uk. 22 March 2020.
  52. "Headquarters Standing Joint Command (HQ SJC): Coordinating the military contribution to the UK's resilience operations". medium.com. 27 March 2020.
  53. "New Measures To Support Battle Against Coronavirus In Scotland". raf.mod.uk. 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  54. "Military deploys 80 troops to help ambulance service cope with pressure of coronavirus crisis". London Evening Standard. 1 April 2020.
  55. "Welsh Secretary praises UK's Armed Forces' support in Wales' fight against coronavirus". UK.GOV. 8 April 2020.
  56. "Military personnel join medics to boost Essex ambulance service during crisis". Bishop's Stortford Independent. 8 April 2020.
  57. "Coronavirus: Armed forces rapidly expand their response to COVID-19". Sky News. 7 April 2020.
  58. "Coronavirus: 13,000 Military Personnel Off Work Due To COVID-19". forces.net. 16 April 2020.
  59. "Helping NHS 'greatest logistic challenge' for army". BBC News. 23 April 2020.
  60. "UK military to operate coronavirus mobile testing units for frontline workers". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  61. "Coronavirus: Military to test key workers in mobile units". BBC News. 26 April 2020.
  62. Bedingfield, Will (28 February 2020). "Will shutting down UK schools stop coronavirus? It's complicated". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  63. Fagan, Ciaran. "Leicestershire's first Coronavirus case is confirmed as a university student". Leicester Mercury. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020.
  64. "Cambridge colleges criticised for asking students to leave over coronavirus". The Guardian. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  65. Batty, David (18 March 2020). "Cambridge students urge university to let them retake the final year". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  66. Layton, Josh (11 March 2020). "Coventry University suspends graduation ceremonies to guard against coronavirus". Coventry Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  67. "Our response to COVID-19". Coventry University. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  68. "More universities halt teaching and exams". BBC News. 13 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  69. "All schools in Wales to close by Friday". BBC News. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  70. "Coronavirus: Schools 'may be shut until summer'". BBC News. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  71. "Schools in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland to close by the end of the week". ITV News. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  72. "Coronavirus: Schools in England follow Scotland and Wales in closing". BBC News. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  73. Adams, Richard; Stewart, Heather (18 March 2020). "UK schools to be closed indefinitely and exams cancelled". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  74. "Coronavirus: GCSE and A-Level results to be based on teachers predicted grades". ITV News. 20 March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  75. Weale, Sally; Batty, David (19 March 2020). "Fears that cancelling exams will hit BAME and poor pupils worst". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  76. Coughlan, Sean (16 April 2020). "Results days announced for GCSE and A-level grades". BBC News. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  77. "Scottish exams cancelled for first time in history". BBC News. 19 March 2020.
  78. "National 5 coursework will not be marked". BBC News. 3 April 2020.
  79. Hughes, Marcus (7 May 2020). "Schools in Wales will not reopen on June 1, says Welsh education minister". Wales Online. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  80. Hunte, Ben (23 March 2020). "Coronavirus postpones London Pride". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  81. "Coronavirus: Brighton Pride 2020 cancelled - BBC News". BBC News. 3 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  82. "Coronavirus: Twelfth of July parades cancelled due to outbreak". BBC News. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  83. VE DAY 75 CANCELLATION ADVICE veday75.org. Retrieved 29 April 2020
  84. "Only a quarter of UK adults are strictly following government's coronavirus advice, poll finds". The Daily Telegraph. 20 March 2020.
  85. "People can now be arrested and fined £960 for breaking lockdown rules". The Independent. 26 March 2020.
  86. "Fines for breaking Welsh stay-home law announced". BBC News. 26 March 2020.
  87. "Police to enforce virus lockdown with fines". BBC News. 26 March 2020.
  88. "New NI Covid-19 regulations come into force". BBC News. 28 March 2020.
  89. "Northern Ireland imposes fines up to £5,000 for those breaching social distancing rules". ITV News. 28 March 2020.
  90. "Police issue first fines for breach of coronavirus lockdown rules as visitors warned off tourist hotspots". ITV News. 27 March 2020.
  91. "Coronavirus: Peak District drone police criticised for 'lockdown shaming'". BBC News. 27 March 2020. Archived from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  92. "Coronavirus: Police told to be 'consistent' with lockdown approach". BBC News. 31 March 2020.
  93. "Coronavirus: Lord Sumption brands Derbyshire Police 'disgraceful'". BBC News. 30 March 2020. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  94. Slatter, Nigel (31 March 2020). "Derbyshire police issue defiant response after heavy criticism from ex-chancellor". Derby Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  95. Guidance issued on new police powers 26 March 2020 Police Federation . Retrieved 28 May 2020
  96. Dodd, Vikram. "UK coronavirus lockdown: police reissued with guidance on enforcement". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  97. "Coronavirus: More than 9,000 fines for lockdown breaches". BBC News. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  98. "Staying alert and safe (Social distancing)". Government of the United Kingdom. 11 May 2020.
  99. "Police issue 14,000 fines for lockdown breaches". BBC News. 15 May 2020.
  100. "Every person prosecuted under Coronavirus Act was 'wrongly charged', CPS admits".
  101. "Coronavirus: Every person prosecuted under Coronavirus Act was wrongly charged". Sky News.
  102. "Police fine more than 500 people for flouting lockdown rules". 10 April 2020.
  103. Carrell, Severin; Brooks, Libby; Duncan, Pamela (16 May 2020). "Lockdown-breakers dispersed from Scotland's hotspot, Loch Lomond". The Guardian.
  104. "Police fining black and Asian people disproportionately under coronavirus laws in London". The Independent. 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  105. Dodd, Vikram (3 June 2020). "Met police twice as likely to fine black people over lockdown breaches – research". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  106. Campbell, Lucy (9 February 2020). "Chinese in UK report 'shocking' levels of racism after coronavirus pandemic". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  107. "Coronavirus: Men wanted over racist Oxford Street attack on student". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  108. "Coronavirus: Teens held for 'coughing in face' of elderly couple". BBC News. 23 March 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  109. Halliday, Josh. "Teenagers held for allegedly coughing at and assaulting elderly couple". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  110. "Youths spit and cough at people and threaten to 'give them the coronavirus'". Dorset Echo. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  111. Locker, Joseph (1 April 2020). "Police to visit parents of teens who spat and coughed at elderly". nottinghampost.
  112. "Police stop group of youths for coughing at NHS workers". Warrington Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  113. "Coronavirus: Anti-lockdown protest broken up by police in London". Sky News.
  114. Sabbagh, Dan (14 May 2020). "Police vow to break up planned anti-lockdown protests in UK cities". The Guardian.
  115. Parveen, Nazia (16 May 2020). "Piers Corbyn among 19 held in coronavirus lockdown protests". The Guardian.
  116. Isobel Asher Hamilton. "77 phone masts attacked in UK due to coronavirus 5G conspiracy theory". Business Insider. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  117. Sweney, Mark; Waterson, Jim (14 April 2020). "Arsonists attack phone mast serving NHS Nightingale hospital". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  118. "Coronavirus: 'Murder threats' to telecoms engineers over 5G". BBC News. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  119. Butler, Sarah (13 May 2020). "Nearly 800 reports of people defrauding UK furlough scheme". The Guardian.
  120. Smithers, Rebecca (13 May 2020). "Fraudsters use bogus NHS contact-tracing app in phishing scam". The Guardian.
  121. Hearn, Alex (21 April 2020). "GCHQ calls on public to report coronavirus-related phishing emails". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  122. Brignall, Miles (9 May 2020). "Huge rise in fake goods and scams amid coronavirus lockdown, say UK councils". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  123. "Coronavirus: Benefit claims fraud could be £1.5bn". BBC News. 21 May 2020.
  124. Bowcott, Owen (18 March 2020). "Longer criminal trials in England and Wales to be delayed due to Covid-19". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  125. Stubley, Peter (18 March 2020). "Coronavirus: Criminal trials longer than three days to be put on hold". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  126. "COVID-19: prisons and other prescribed places of detention guidance". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  127. Grierson, Jamie (26 March 2020). "Man, 84, becomes first UK prisoner to die with coronavirus". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  128. Pegg, David; Allison, Eric (25 March 2020). "Release inmates or face jail pandemic, say prison governors". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  129. "Prison visits cancelled". Government of the United Kingdom. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  130. "Inmates could be freed to ease virus jail pressures". BBC News. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  131. "Quick fix for prison expansion". The Construction Index. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  132. Cowburn, Ashley (20 March 2020). "Ministers urged to release hundreds of prisoners on short sentences to combat coronavirus". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  133. "Reducing the prison population: Extending Home Detention Curfew and scrapping short sentences | Reform". reform.uk. March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  134. "US jails begin releasing prisoners amid pandemic". BBC News. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  135. Townsend, Mark; Savage, Mark; Doward, Jamie (21 March 2020). "Prisons 'could see 800 deaths' from coronavirus without protective measures". The Observer. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  136. "Coronavirus: the UK to release 'up to 4,000' prisoners to avoid extra pressure on healthcare systems". Euronews. 4 April 2020.
  137. "UK: Assange bail application highlights COVID-19 risk to many vulnerable detainees and prisoners". Amnesty International. 25 March 2020.
  138. Bulman, May (18 March 2020). "First UK prisoner infected with coronavirus". The Independent. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  139. Shaw, Danny (28 April 2020). "Coronavirus: More than 2,000 prisoners may have been infected, says PHE". BBC News. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  140. "Sixth prisoner dies with suspected coronavirus". BBC News. 15 May 2020.
  141. "Locations of 10 temporary courts revealed". BBC News. 19 July 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  142. Taylor, Diane (21 March 2020). "Home Office releases 300 from detention centres amid Covid-19 pandemic". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  143. Titheradge, Dr Faye Kirkland and Noel (25 March 2020). "Coronavirus 'symptoms' at three detention centres". BBC News. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  144. Taylor, Diane (2 April 2020). "Revealed: at-risk immigration detainees 'to be put in solitary confinement'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  145. "Covid-19 has shone a light on racial disparities in health". The Economist. 21 November 2020. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  146. Campbell, Denis; Siddique, Haroon (2 June 2020). "Covid-19 death rate in England higher among BAME people". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  147. "A lack of data on race hampers efforts to tackle inequalities". The Economist. 21 November 2020. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  148. "Church of England suspends public worship over coronavirus". Reuters. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  149. "Coronavirus: Church and religious services off across Wales". BBC News. 22 March 2020.
  150. Walker, Donald (17 March 2020). "Coronavirus – Suspension of Church Services". The Scottish Episcopal Church. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  151. "Coronavirus: Archbishop of Canterbury to lead first virtual Church of England service". Sky News. 19 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  152. Sherwood, Harriet (17 March 2020). "Church of England suspends all services over coronavirus". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  153. "Coronavirus: Catholic churches preparing to suspend Mass". BBC News. 14 March 2020.
  154. "Nearly 700 church leaders urge politicians: 'Don't close our churches again'". The Christian Institute. 25 September 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  155. "Coronavirus: Queen leaves London and moves to Windsor Castle amid outbreak". The Independent. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  156. "A message from Her Majesty The Queen, 19th March 2020" (Press release). The Royal Household. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  157. "Queen's broadcast to the UK and Commonwealth". The Royal Household. 5 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  158. "Coronavirus: The Queen's message seen by 24 million". BBC News. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  159. "'We need Easter as much as ever,' says the Queen". BBC News. 11 April 2020.
  160. "The Queen's Easter message". The Royal Household. 11 April 2020.
  161. "Queen's birthday gun salute cancelled amid coronavirus outbreak". BBC News. 18 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  162. Widjojo, Conchita (27 March 2020). "Queen Elizabeth's Birthday Parade Trooping the Colour Is Canceled Due to Coronavirus". People. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  163. "Prince Charles greets investiture recipients with namaste amid coronavirus fears". ITV News. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  164. Ross, Jamie; Sykes, Tom (25 March 2020). "Fears for the Queen as Prince Charles Contracts COVID-19". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  165. "Prince Charles tests positive for coronavirus". BBC News. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  166. Reynolds, Emma; Foster, Max; Wilkinson, David (25 March 2020). "Prince Charles tests positive for novel coronavirus". CNN. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  167. "Prince Charles out of virus self-isolation". BBC News. 30 March 2020.
  168. "Prince Charles has recovered from coronavirus". The Independent. 30 March 2020.
  169. "Coronavirus: Prince Charles praises NHS in first appearance since COVID-19 diagnosis". Sky News. 1 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  170. "Prince Charles opens new London coronavirus field hospital via videolink". CNN. 3 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  171. Barr, Sabrina (6 April 2020). "Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall out of self-isolation after Prince Charles recovers from coronavirus". The Independent. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  172. Heffer, Greg (19 March 2020). "Coronavirus: Prince William and Prince Harry pay tribute to 'awe-inspiring' public response". Sky News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  173. "Royals back coronavirus mental health campaign". BBC News. 29 March 2020.
  174. "Covid-19: Prince William opens Birmingham's Nightingale Hospital". BBC News. 16 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  175. Petit, Stephanie (4 May 2020). "Prince William Lets Air Ambulances Land at Kensington Palace amid Coronavirus". People. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  176. "Hold Still: A Portrait of Our Nation in 2020". National Portrait Gallery. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  177. Furness, Hannah (7 May 2020). "Duchess of Cambridge launches photography project to capture spirit of lockdown Britain". The Telegraph. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  178. Betancourt, Bianca (22 April 2020). "The Cambridges Introduce a Mental Health Program for COVID-19 Frontline Workers". Harper's Bazaar. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  179. "The Duke of Edinburgh's message to everyone who is helping to tackle the pandemic". The Royal Household. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  180. "Prince Philip praises key workers and those tackling coronavirus". BBC News. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  181. Elston, Laura (12 May 2020). "Sophie volunteers by packing food parcels for hospital staff". The Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  182. "Princess Eugenie packages food bank parcels as Salvation Army volunteer". Shropshire Star. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  183. Murphy, Victoria (3 June 2020). "Sarah Ferguson, Princess Beatrice, and Princess Eugenie Organize Thousands of COVID-19 Relief Donations". Town & Country. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  184. "Prince William reveals he is secret helpline volunteer". BBC. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  185. "Postponement of the State Visit by the Emperor and Empress of Japan". The Royal Household. 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  186. "Announcement regarding changes to The Queen's diary". The Royal Household. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  187. "An announcement regarding Royal events in June". 22 April 2020.
  188. "Coronavirus: Princess Beatrice cancels Buckingham Palace wedding reception". Sky News. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  189. "Launch of the new website explaining the science behind coronavirus". UK Research and Innovation. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  190. "About - Coronavirus: the science explained". Coronavirusexplained.ukri.org. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  191. Brennen, Scott; Simon, Felix; Howard, Philip; Nielsen, Rasmus (7 April 2020). "Types, sources, and claims of COVID-19 misinformation". Reuters Institute. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  192. Wong, Julia (10 April 2020). "Tech giants struggle to stem 'infodemic' of false coronavirus claims". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  193. Waterson, Jim; Hern, Alex (7 April 2020). "How false claims about 5G health risks spread into the mainstream". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  194. Fletcher, Richard; Kalogeropoulos, Antonis; Nielsen, Rasmus (28 April 2020). "News media broadly trusted as source of coronavirus information, views of UK government response highly polarised". Reuters Institute. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  195. Fletcher, Richard; Kalogeropoulos, Antonis; Nielsen, Rasmus (5 May 2020). "UK public opinion polarised on news coverage of government coronavirus response and concern over misinformation". Reuters Institute. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  196. Sweney, Mark (7 May 2020). "Coronavirus sparks debate over trust in media despite record audience figures". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  197. Coates, Sam (24 April 2020). "Coronavirus: Britons still support lockdown despite being sadder and more anxious - poll". Sky news. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  198. "Covid-19 news and information: consumption and attitudes". Ofcom. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  199. Waterson, Jim (28 April 2020). "Guardian tops poll of national papers for coronavirus coverage". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  200. Foster, Laura (9 May 2020). "Coronavirus: Young men 'more likely to ignore lockdown'". BBC News. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  201. "Coronavirus: Better-off children 'studying more than poorer pupils'". BBC News. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  202. "Coronavirus: Premier League & EFL ditch pre-match fair-play handshakes". BBC Sport. 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  203. "Manchester City v Arsenal postponed over coronavirus fears". BBC Sport. 11 March 2020. Archived from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  204. "Shadow sports minister says there are 'serious questions' over why Cheltenham went ahead". BBC Sport. 4 April 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  205. Morris, Steven (10 March 2020). "Cheltenham Festival: key race meeting goes ahead despite coronavirus". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  206. Ingle, Sean (11 March 2020). "Service as normal: badminton's finest cock-a-hoop to get back to business". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  207. "Six Day Manchester event cancelled" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  208. "World Men's & Women's Curling Championship off" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  209. "2020 Gymnastics World Cup **CANCELLED*".
  210. "Henley Royal Regatta cancelled due to coronavirus". 24 March 2020 via www.bbc.co.uk.
  211. "Fort William World Cup leg cancelled" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  212. "Postponed London leg of FINA Diving World Series officially called off". 25 March 2020.
  213. "Coronavirus: MLB cancels 2020 London Series between Cardinals and Cubs scheduled in June".
  214. "2020 NFL schedule: League cancels all international games in London, Mexico City for the 2020 NFL season". CBSSports.com.
  215. "The Hundred postponed until 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic". BBC Sport. 30 April 2020.
  216. "London's Anniversary Games cancelled" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  217. Ballinger, Alex (20 May 2020). "RideLondon 2020 has been cancelled". Cycling Weekly.
  218. "Tour of Britain cancelled, route to be used for 2021". 14 May 2020 via uk.reuters.com.
  219. "Cycling's Women's Tour rearranged in UK for June 2021". Sky Sports.
  220. Wood, Greg (16 March 2020). "Grand National 2020 cancelled due to coronavirus outbreak" via www.theguardian.com.
  221. "The 149th Open cancelled for this year and will return to Sandwich in 2021". Sky Sports.
  222. "Coronavirus: Horse racing in Great Britain suspended until end of April". BBC Sport. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  223. "MotoGP British Grand Prix cancelled". BBC Sport. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  224. "Wales Rally GB | COVID-19 FORCES CANCELLATION OF 2020 WALES RALLY GB". www.walesrallygb.com. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  225. "LTA announces cancellation of pre-Wimbledon Grass Court events | LTA".
  226. Carayol, Tumaini (1 April 2020). "Wimbledon 2020 cancelled in response to coronavirus pandemic" via www.theguardian.com.
  227. Quarrell, Rachel (16 March 2020). "Coronavirus forces first Boat Race cancellation outside of a world war". The Telegraph. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  228. "London Marathon postponed until October" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  229. Shennan, Rhona (16 March 2020). "Edinburgh Marathon Festival 2020: confirmed date for postponed race, marathon route and how to enter". Edinburgh Evening News. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  230. "World Snooker Championship postponed" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  231. "World Championship to start on 31 July" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  232. "Snooker news -Snooker's Tour Championship postponed due to coronavirus". Eurosport UK. 17 March 2020.
  233. "Coronavirus: Premiership Rugby season set to be postponed over outbreak". inews.co.uk. 15 March 2020.
  234. "RFL admits clubs are under threat after suspending season over coronavirus". the Guardian. 16 March 2020.
  235. "Coronavirus: England's Six Nations games against Italy postponed". BBC Sport. 5 March 2020. Archived from the original on 6 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  236. "ECB announces delay to professional cricket season". ecb.co.uk. 20 March 2020.
  237. "Season delayed until July as England-West Indies Tests postponed". 25 April 2020 via www.bbc.co.uk.
  238. "Coronavirus: British Boxing Board of Control cancels all events due to pandemic". Sky Sports. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  239. Lickorish, Stephen (17 March 2020). "No Motorsport UK-sanctioned events until May due to coronavirus". Autosport. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  240. Conn, David (2 April 2020). "It was wrong to play against Atlético, says Liverpool's public health director" via www.theguardian.com.
  241. "Should Liverpool v Atletico Madrid ever have gone ahead?". The Independent. 15 April 2020.
  242. "COVID-19: Probe launched into Liverpool vs Atletico Madrid Champions League match". 24 April 2020.
  243. "Liverpool v Atletico Madrid: Coronavirus impact to be investigated by council". 24 April 2020 via www.bbc.co.uk.
  244. "Mayor launches inquiry into why Liverpool match went ahead". The Independent. 24 April 2020.
  245. "Liverpool v Atlético virus links 'interesting hypothesis', says government scientist". the Guardian. 20 April 2020.
  246. "Coronavirus: Liverpool and Cheltenham events feared to have helped spread Covid-19". The National.
  247. Mortimer, Hayley (30 April 2020). "Cheltenham 'may have accelerated' virus spread" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  248. "Calls for inquiry on Cheltenham Festival go-ahead". 23 April 2020 via www.bbc.co.uk.
  249. Morris, Steven (8 April 2020). "Cheltenham cited Boris Johnson's rugby outing as a reason for Festival go-ahead" via www.theguardian.com.
  250. "UK government defend allowing Cheltenham to go ahead". RTE. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  251. "Olympic qualifying event to be suspended" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  252. "Olympic boxing qualifiers in London suspended due to coronavirus". The Independent. 16 March 2020.
  253. Panja, Tariq (27 March 2020). "The I.O.C. Let an Olympic Boxing Qualifier Happen Despite Virus Warnings" via NYTimes.com.
  254. "Six at London qualifier 'test positive'" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  255. "No elite sport in England before 1 June" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  256. "Coronavirus: UK Government allows live sport to return behind closed doors from June 1 – 31 May 2020". Sky Sports. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  257. "Snooker to return in UK from 1 June" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  258. "Pilots announced for return of spectators to elite sports events". GOV.UK.
  259. "Surrey crowd pilot friendly attracts 1,000 fans at The Oval". 26 July 2020 via www.bbc.co.uk.
  260. "Fans not allowed to attend pilot events" via www.bbc.co.uk.
  261. "Fans to be at Crucible for final". BBC Sport. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  262. "Fan attendance to be reviewed - PM". BBC Sport. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  263. "Fans could be banned until end of March". BBC Sport. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  264. "Football fans return delayed again". BBC Sport. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.