Pandan cake

The cake shares common ingredients with other cakes, which includes flour, eggs, butter or margarine, and sugar. However, the distinct ingredient is the use of pandan leaf, which give the cake its distinct green colouration. The cakes are light green in tone[11] due to the chlorophyll in the leaf juice. It sometimes contains green food colouring to further enhance its colouration. The cakes are not always made with the leaf juice, as they can be flavoured with Pandanus extract, in which case colouring is only added if a green colouration is desired.[12]

Pandan leaf, the green juice acquired from this leaf is used as colouring and flavouring agent in pandan cake.

The original pandan cake common in Indonesia, the Netherlands and Singapore are usually soft sponge cake akin to light and fluffy chiffon cake, made without any additional coating or frosting.[2][13] The other variant are actually derived from other cake recipe with similarity only in the usage of green pandan flavouring extract.

In the Philippines, pandan cakes are rarely made with pandan alone, but are made as a buko pandan cake (or coconut pandan cake), from "buko pandan", a traditional pairing of young coconut (buko) and pandan flavours used in various desserts. Philippine pandan cakes generally have strips of coconut meat and/or macapuno as toppings or fillings as a result.[14][15][16] In contrast, pandan cakes in neighboring countries are traditionally served plain.[17]

In Southeast Asia, cake-making techniques were brought into the region through European colonization. In the past, Indonesia was a Dutch colony, whilst Malaysia and Singapore were British possessions, and the Philippines was a Spanish colony. Naturally, the European colonists brought their cuisine along with them, with the most obvious impact occurring in bread, cake and pastry-making techniques.[18] In Southeast Asian cuisine, the pandan leaf is a favourite flavouring agent used to give off a pleasant aroma, and added to various dishes ranging from fragrant coconut rice, traditional cakes, to sweet desserts and drinks.[19] It was the fusion of European cake-making techniques with locally grown ingredients that created the pandan-flavoured cake.

In 2017 CNN named Pandan Cake as the national cake of Singapore and Malaysia.[10] This has led to a reaction in Indonesia that regarded the pandan cake, locally known as kue bolu pandan as theirs. In Singapore pandan cake was popularized especially by one of the popular bakery in the city; Bengawan Solo,[13] a cake shop owned by a Singaporean citizen of Indonesian origin.[3]

Green pandan is also used as flavouring and colouring agent in other Dutch-Indonesian cake spekkoek (lapis legit) sold in an Indo (Eurasian) shop in Amsterdam.

According to CNN Indonesia however, this cake is originated from Indonesia, which can be traced to the cake-making technique of the colonial Dutch people in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during colonial era.[3] The colonial Dutch and Indos people combined the cake-making technique from Europe with the available local ingredients found in the Indies, in this instance the pandan leaf as flavouring and colouring agent. This cake is also known as pandan cake in Dutch, and is quite popular in the Netherlands due to their historical link to Indonesia. Other than made as chiffon pandan cake, pandan leaf is also used as green colouring and flavouring in Dutch-Indonesian favourite pandan spekkoek or lapis legit (layered cake), which demonstrate the prominence of pandan leaf in Dutch-Indonesian cake and pastry making.[20]

Pandan cakes in Hong Kong

• Indonesian: bolu pandan
• Dutch: pandan cake
• Malay: kek pandan
• Filipino: pandang mamon or pandan cake
• Khmer: Num Sleok Touy
• Vietnamese: Bánh pho sĩ, "bánh lá dứa"
• Cantonese: Chinese: 班蘭蛋糕; Cantonese Yale: baan1 laan4 daan6 gou1
• Thai: เค้กใบเตย

• Kue bolu
• Coconut cake
• Ube cake
• Mango cake
• Mamón