List of countries by spoken languages
This list shows countries/disputed countries organised by the languages which are spoken there.
Indo-European languages
Albanian
| Country/disputed territory | Status | Speakers |
|---|---|---|
 Albania | official and national | 1,570,000 (Tosk)[1] 1,200,000 (Gheg)[2] |
 Greece |
minority | 50,000 (Arvanitika)[3] 10,000 (Tosk)[1] 600,000 (Standard Albanian / Albanian immigrants) |
 Italy |
protected minority | 100,000 (Arbëreshë)[4] up to 800,000 Albanian immigrants. |
 Kosovo | official | roughly 1.8 million (Gheg)[2] |
 North Macedonia | official[2] | 522,000 (Gheg)[2] |
 Montenegro | official in some municipalities[2] | 32,700 (Gheg)[2] |
 Romania |
recognised minority[2] | (Gheg)[2] |
 Serbia | language of provincial identity in some municipalities[2] | 10,000 (Gheg)[2] |
 Slovenia |
recognised minority[2] | 7,180 (Gheg)[2] |
 Turkey |
minority | 65,000 (Tosk)[1] (Gheg)[2] |
| Total | 4,082,380[5] (Balkans only) |
Armenian
| Country | Status | Speakers |
|---|---|---|
 Armenia |
official | 2,960,000[6] |
 Azerbaijan |
minority | 120,000[6] |
 Cyprus |
minority | 1,410[6] |
 Georgia |
minority | 315,000[6] |
 Hungary |
minority | 440[6] |
 Iran |
minority | 102,000[6] |
 Iraq |
recognised minority[6] | 60,000[6] |
 Israel |
minority | 3,000[6] |
 Jordan |
minority | 6,500[6] |
 Lebanon |
language of national identity[6] | 218,000[6] |
 Poland |
recognised minority[6] | 2,210[6] |
| Romania |
recognised minority[6] | 740[6] |
 Syria |
minority | 83,000[6] |
| Turkey |
minority | 61,000[6] |
 Ukraine |
recognised minority[6] | 50,300[6] |
| Total | 5,169,640[6] |
Baltic
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Latgalian |  Latvia | unofficial, spoken in Latgale |
 Russia | significant minority in Siberia | |
| Latvian | Latvia | official |
 Lithuania | minority | |
 Estonia | minority | |
 Belarus | minority | |
 United Kingdom | significant minority | |
 United States | significant minority | |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Canada | significant minority | |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia | significant minority | |
 New Zealand | significant minority | |
 Ireland | significant minority | |
 Brazil | significant minority | |
 Germany | significant minority in .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Bavaria | |
 Denmark | significant minority | |
| Ukraine | significant minority | |
| Russia | significant minority in Siberia | |
 Finland | significant minority | |
 Sweden | significant minority | |
| Israel | minority | |
 Switzerland | minority | |
 Netherlands | significant minority | |
| Lithuanian | Latvia | minority |
| Lithuania | official | |
| Poland | minority, majority in the city of Puńsk |
Celtic
Map of the Celtic nations
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Breton |  France | minority language in .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Brittany, but unofficial |
| Cornish | United Kingdom | minority language in  Cornwall, but unofficial |
| Irish | Ireland | minority, co-official with English |
| United Kingdom | significant minority in  England, as well as minority in the entire country and official in Northern Ireland | |
| United States | significant minority, mainly in Chicago, New York and Massachusetts. | |
| Canada | significant minority, especially in Saint John and Miramichi, New Brunswick, as well as in  Prince Edward Island, and  Newfoundland and Labrador; also, a big community of Irish-speaking expats exists in both Quebec (see Irish Quebecers) and Ontario (see Permanent North American Gaeltacht). | |
| Australia | significant minority | |
| New Zealand | significant minority | |
| Manx |  Isle of Man | minority, very limited official use |
| Scottish Gaelic | Canada | significant minority, official in  Nova Scotia |
| United Kingdom | official in  Scotland | |
| United States | significant minority | |
| Welsh |  Argentina | significant minority in  Chubut |
| United Kingdom | spoken by about 20% of the population in .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Wales[7] and co-official with English there | |
| United States | minority |
Germanic
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans |  South Africa | co-official with 10 other languages |
 Namibia | recognised minority; unofficial lingua franca | |
| United States | minority | |
| Netherlands | minority | |
| United Kingdom | minority | |
| Germany | minority | |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Belgium | minority | |
| Australia | minority | |
| Argentina | minority | |
| Alsatian | France | regional language in  Alsace |
| Danish | Denmark | official |
| Germany | in  Schleswig-Holstein, official recognised minority language | |
 Faroe Islands | co-official alongside Faroese | |
 Greenland | minority | |
 Iceland | minority | |
| Faroese | Faroe Islands | co-official with Danish |
| Denmark | unofficial | |
| Frisian | Denmark | minority |
| Germany | official recognised minority language | |
| Netherlands | minority language in  Friesland | |
| Icelandic | Iceland | official |
| Denmark | minority | |
| Low German (Low Saxon) |
Germany | Niederdeutsch or more usual Plattdeutsch, recognized as regional language |
| Netherlands | Nederduits, recognized as regional language | |
| Luxembourgish |  Luxembourg | co-official with French and German |
| Belgium | minority language in the Belgian Province of Luxembourg | |
| Germany | minority language in the German Regierungsbezirk Trier ("moselfränkisch") | |
| France | minority language in Moselle | |
| United States | significant minority in Wisconsin | |
| United Kingdom | minority | |
| Canada | minority | |
| Argentina | minority | |
| Brazil | minority | |
| Switzerland | minority | |
| Netherlands | minority | |
| Italy | minority | |
 Spain | minority | |
 Portugal | minority | |
 Austria | minority | |
| Norwegian |  Norway | official, including Svalbard and Jan Mayen |
| Scots | Scotland | significant minority in Scotland |
| Ireland | minority in Ireland | |
| United States | significant minority | |
| Canada | significant minority, especially in Nova Scotia | |
| Swedish | Sweden | official |
| Finland | co-official with Finnish. | |
 Åland Islands | official | |
| Estonia | minority | |
| Plautdietsch |  Paraguay |
minority |
| Canada |
minority | |
 Mexico |
minority | |
 Belize |
minority | |
| Russia |
minority | |
 Kazakhstan |
minority |
Dutch
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | Netherlands | official |
| Belgium | co-official with French and German | |
| France | in French Flanders | |
| Germany | in Low Rhine Country | |
| Africa | South Africa | spoken as minority, often used together with daughter language Afrikaans |
| Namibia | ||
| Asia |  Indonesia | historical language |
| Oceania | New Zealand | Minority |
| North America |  Aruba | co-official with Papiamento |
 Curaçao | co-official with English and Papiamento | |
 Sint Maarten | co-official with English | |
| United States | spoken in minority primarily in Michigan and Indiana | |
| Canada | Minority | |
| South America |  Suriname | official |
| French Guiana | unofficial, spoken in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni |
English
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa |  Botswana | co-official with Tswana |
 Cameroon | co-official with French | |
 Egypt | significant minority | |
 Eswatini (Swaziland) | co-official with Swati | |
 Gambia | official | |
 Ghana | official | |
 Kenya | co-official with Swahili | |
 Lesotho | co-official with Sesotho | |
 Liberia | official | |
 Malawi | official | |
 Mauritius | national language along with French, and other vernacular languages | |
| Namibia | official | |
 Nigeria | official | |
 Rwanda | co-official with Kinyarwanda and French | |
 Seychelles | co-official with French and Seychellois Creole | |
 Sierra Leone | official | |
| South Africa | co-official with 10 other languages: unofficially regarded as the 'main' language | |
 South Sudan | official | |
 Uganda | co-official with Swahili | |
 Zambia | official | |
 Zimbabwe | official | |
| Asia |  Bahrain | unofficial |
 India | co-official with 21 other languages | |
| Lebanon | significant minority | |
 Pakistan | co-official with Urdu | |
 Philippines | co-official with Filipino, and with regional languages as auxiliary official languages[8] | |
 Singapore | co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay | |
 Bangladesh | de facto co-official with Bengali | |
 Sri Lanka | de facto co-official with Tamil and Sinhala | |
 Malaysia | co-official with Tamil, Mandarin, and Malay | |
 Brunei | co-official with Mandarin, and Malay | |
| Europe |  Czech Republic | significant minority |
| France | significant minority | |
| Germany | significant minority | |
| Ireland | co-official with Irish, see Hiberno-English | |
 Malta | co-official with Maltese | |
| Poland | significant minority | |
| Portugal | significant minority | |
| Romania | significant minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| United Kingdom | co-official with Welsh, see British English | |
| North America |  Antigua and Barbuda | official |
 Bahamas | official | |
 Barbados | official | |
| Belize | official | |
| Canada | co-official with French, see Canadian English | |
 Dominica | official | |
 Grenada | official | |
 Jamaica | official, see Jamaican English | |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis | official | |
 Saint Lucia | official | |
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | official | |
 Trinidad and Tobago | official | |
| United States | de facto, see American English | |
| Oceania | Australia | de facto, see Australian English |
 Fiji | co-official with Fijian and Hindustani | |
 Kiribati | co-official with Kiribati | |
 Marshall Islands | co-official with Marshallese | |
 FS. Micronesia | ||
 Nauru | de facto | |
| New Zealand | co-official with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language; see also New Zealand English | |
 Palau | co-official with Palauan | |
 Papua New Guinea | co-official with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu | |
 Solomon Islands | official | |
 Tonga | co-official with Tongan | |
 Tuvalu | co-official with Tuvaluan | |
 Vanuatu | co-official with Bislama and French | |
| South America |  Guyana | official |
 Colombia |
official in  San Andrés and Providence Island | |
| Dependent entities | ||
 American Samoa | co-official with Samoan | |
 British Indian Ocean Territory | de facto | |
 Anguilla | official | |
 Bermuda | official | |
 British Virgin Islands | official | |
 Cayman Islands | official | |
 Christmas Island | official | |
 Cook Islands | co-official with Cook Islands Māori | |
 Falkland Islands | official | |
 Gibraltar | official | |
 Guam | co-official with Chamorro | |
 Guernsey | official | |
 Hong Kong | co-official with Cantonese | |
| Isle of Man | official | |
 Jersey | official | |
 Montserrat | official | |
 Norfolk Island | co-official with Norfuk | |
 Northern Mariana Islands | co-official with Chamorro and Carolinian | |
 Pitcairn Islands | co-official with Pitkern | |
 Puerto Rico | co-official with Spanish | |
| Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | official | |
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | official | |
 Turks and Caicos Islands | official | |
 U.S. Virgin Islands | official |
 Map of the German-speaking world |
German
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | Austria | official |
| Germany | official | |
 Liechtenstein | official | |
| Switzerland | co-official with French, Italian and Romansh | |
| Belgium | co-official with French and Dutch | |
| Hungary | co-official with Hungarian in the city of Sopron | |
| Italy | co-official with Italian in South Tyrol | |
| Lithuania | minority | |
| Luxembourg | co-official with French and Luxembourgish | |
| Poland | co-official as auxiliary language in the Opole Voivodeship | |
 Vatican City | official with other languages, language of the Swiss Guard | |
| France | minority in Alsace and Lorraine | |
| Czech Republic | minority | |
| Denmark | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Africa | Egypt | minority |
| Namibia | co-official as auxiliary language | |
| Asia | Kazakhstan | minority |
| Lebanon | minority | |
| North America | Canada | minority |
 Costa Rica | minority | |
 Guatemala | minority | |
| Mexico | minority | |
| United States | minority[9] | |
| South America | Argentina | minority |
| Brazil | official in some municipalities, see Brazilian German | |
 Chile | minority | |
| Colombia | minority | |
| Paraguay | minority | |
 Peru | minority | |
 Venezuela | minority (see: Colonia Tovar dialect) |
Greek
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Greek | Greece | official |
| Cyprus | co-official with Turkish | |
| Albania | significant minority, widely spoken and co-official with Albanian in Himara, Dropull, Finiq and Derviçan regions | |
| Lebanon | minority | |
| North Macedonia | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Ukraine | minority | |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Egypt | minority | |
| Italy | minority | |
| Armenia | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Hungary | minority | |
| Syria | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Australia | minority |
Persian
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia |  Afghanistan | co-official as Dari, with Pashto |
| Azerbaijan | minority, as Tat | |
| Bahrain | minority | |
 China | minority | |
| Iran | official | |
| Iraq | significant minority | |
| Israel | minority, as Judeo-Persian[10] | |
| Kazakhstan | minority, as Tajik | |
 Kuwait | minority | |
 Kyrgyzstan | minority, as Tajik | |
| Malaysia | minority[11][12] | |
| Pakistan | minority, as Dari and Dehwari | |
 Qatar | minority | |
 Tajikistan | official, as Tajik | |
| Turkey | minority[13] | |
 Turkmenistan | minority | |
 United Arab Emirates | minority | |
 Uzbekistan | significant minority, as Tajik | |
| Europe | Austria | minority[14] |
| Denmark | minority[15] | |
| France | minority[16] | |
| Germany | minority[17] | |
| Netherlands | minority[18] | |
| Norway | minority[19] | |
| Russia | minority, as Tajik and Tat | |
| Spain | minority[20] | |
| Sweden | minority[21] | |
| United Kingdom | minority[22] | |
| North America | United States | minority |
| Canada | minority[23] | |
| Oceania | Australia | minority[24] |
 Map of the Persian-speaking world |
Other Iranian
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Balochi | Afghanistan | minority |
| Bahrain | minority | |
| Iran | significant minority in Balochistan | |
 Oman | minority | |
| paglisthan | Majority in Balochistan | |
| United Arab Emirates | minority | |
| Ossetic | Russia | majority in North Ossetia-Alania |
 South Ossetia | majority | |
| Georgia | minority | |
| Caucasian Tat | Russia | minority in Dagestan |
| Azerbaijan | minority | |
| Tajik | Kazakhstan | minority, as Tajik |
| Kyrgyzstan | minority, as Tajik | |
| paglistan | minority | |
| Tajikistan | official, as Tajik | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Kurdish | Armenia | recognized minority |
| Iran | regional | |
| Iraq | co-official with Arabic | |
| Syria | significant minority | |
| Turkey | significant minority | |
| Gilaki | Iran | regional, in Gilan Province |
| Mazanderani | Iran | regional, in Māzandarān Province |
| Luri | Iran | regional |
| Iraq | minority | |
| Talysh | Azerbaijan | minority |
| Iran | minority | |
| Pashto | Afghanistan | co-official with Dari |
| Pakistan | majority in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA | |
| United Arab Emirates | minority |
Bengali language
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | Bangladesh | official |
| India | official, along with 21 others; primarily spoken in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, with significant minority in Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa | |
 Saudi Arabia | significant minority[25] | |
| United Arab Emirates | significant minority[26] | |
| Qatar | minority[27] | |
| Kuwait | minority[28] | |
| Malaysia | minority[29] | |
| Singapore | minority[30] | |
| Pakistan | minority. Mostly used in Karachi, where it holds the status as that of a recognized secondary language[31][32][33][34] | |
| Europe | Italy | minority[35] |
| United Kingdom | significant minority[36] | |
| North America | United States | minority[37][38][lower-alpha 1] |
| Canada | minority[39] | |
| Oceania | Australia | minority[40] |
Domari
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa |  Algeria | minority |
| Egypt | minority | |
 Morocco | minority | |
 Sudan | minority | |
 Tunisia | minority | |
| Asia | India | minority |
| Iran | significant minority | |
| Pakistan | minority | |
 Libya | minority | |
| Syria | minority | |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Israel | minority | |
| Afghanistan | minority | |
| Bangladesh | minority | |
| Jordan | minority | |
| Iraq | minority | |
| Lebanon | minority | |
| Uzbekistan | minority | |
| Armenia | minority | |
| Azerbaijan | minority | |
| Georgia | minority | |
| Turkmenistan | minority | |
| Kazakhstan | minority | |
| Tajikistan | minority | |
| Kuwait | minority | |
| Kyrgyzstan | minority | |
| Europe/Asia | Russia | minority |
Romani
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | Bangladesh | minority |
| India | minority | |
| Pakistan | minority | |
| Iran | minority | |
| Afghanistan | minority | |
| Uzbekistan | minority | |
| Kazakhstan | minority | |
| Turkmenistan | minority | |
| Tajikistan | minority | |
| Kyrgyzstan | minority | |
| Armenia | minority | |
| Europe | Albania | minority |
| Austria | minority | |
| Belarus | minority | |
| Belgium | minority | |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | minority | |
 Bulgaria | significant minority | |
 Croatia | minority | |
| Cyprus | minority | |
| Czech Republic | minority | |
| Denmark | minority | |
| Estonia | minority | |
| Finland | officially recognised minority language | |
| France | minority | |
| Germany | officially recognised minority language | |
| Greece | minority | |
| Hungary | significant minority, officially recognised minority language | |
| Ireland | minority | |
| Italy | minority | |
| Kosovo | officially recognized minority language | |
| Latvia | minority | |
| Lithuania | minority | |
| Macedonia | official in Šuto Orizari Municipality | |
 Moldova | minority | |
| Montenegro | minority | |
| Netherlands | minority | |
| Norway | officially recognised minority language | |
| Poland | minority | |
| Portugal | minority | |
| Romania | co-official in 79 rural communes | |
| Russia | officially recognised minority language | |
| Serbia | officially recognised minority language | |
 Slovakia | minority | |
| Slovenia | officially recognised minority language | |
| Spain | minority | |
| Sweden | officially recognised minority language | |
| Switzerland | minority | |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Ukraine | minority | |
| United Kingdom | minority | |
| North America | United States | minority |
| Canada | minority |
Hindi
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | India | one of the two union languages of India alongside English, official along with 21 others; official in the Indian states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. |
| Bangladesh | more than half of the population can understand and speak | |
| Indonesia | minority, 90,000[41] | |
| Malaysia | minority, 58,000[41] | |
 Nepal | significant minority | |
| Pakistan | more than half of the population can understand and speak | |
 Yemen | minority | |
| United Arab Emirates | minority | |
| Saudi Arabia | minority | |
| Oceania | Fiji |
Fiji Hindi is an official language |
| Australia | minority | |
| New Zealand | minority, 20,000 speakers | |
| Africa | South Africa | significant minority, 436,000 speakers[41] |
| Mauritius | minority, 37,000 speakers[41] | |
 Tanzania | minority, 66,000 speakers[41] | |
| Uganda | minority, 5,300 speakers[41] | |
| Europe | United Kingdom | minority |
| North America | Canada |
minority, 268,000 speakers [41] |
| United States |
minority, 650,000 speakers[42] | |
| Caribbean | Suriname |
minority |
| Guyana | minority | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | minority |
Gujarati
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Asia | India | official in Gujarat, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli |
| Pakistan | significant minority | |
| Africa | Kenya | minority |
| Mauritius | minority | |
| Tanzania | minority | |
| Uganda | minority | |
| Zimbabwe | minority | |
| South Africa | minority | |
| North America | Canada | minority |
| United States | minority | |
| Europe | United Kingdom | significant minority |
| Oceania | Australia | minority |
Other Indo-Aryan
French
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe |  Andorra | spoken, not official |
| Belgium | co-official with Dutch and German | |
| Bulgaria | minority | |
| Czech Republic | minority | |
| Cyprus | significant minority | |
| Denmark | minority | |
| France | official | |
| Greece | significant minority | |
| Hungary | minority | |
| Ireland | minority | |
| Italy | rarely spoken;co-official in the  Aosta Valley | |
| Luxembourg | co-official with Luxembourgish and German | |
 Monaco | official | |
| Norway | minority, from immigration from DRC | |
| Poland | minority | |
| Portugal | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Spain | minority in Basque Country and Catalonia | |
| Switzerland | co-official with German, Italian, and Romansh | |
| United Kingdom | minority in London, Southern England, South East England, Scotland and Wales (as spoken by Huguenots); official in Channel Islands | |
| Africa | Algeria | unofficial, but widely used |
 Benin | official | |
 Burkina Faso | official | |
 Burundi | co-official with Kirundi | |
| Cameroon | co-official with English | |
 Central African Republic | co-official with Sango | |
 Chad | co-official with Arabic | |
 Comoros | co-official with Arabic and Comorian | |
 Dem. Rep. Congo | official | |
 Congo | official | |
 Ivory Coast | official | |
 Djibouti | co-official with Arabic | |
 Equatorial Guinea | co-official with Spanish and Portuguese | |
 Gabon | official | |
 Guinea | official | |
 Madagascar | co-official with Malagasy | |
 Mali | official | |
 Mauritania | de facto | |
| Mauritius | de facto | |
| Morocco | de facto | |
 Niger | official | |
| Réunion | official | |
| Rwanda | co-official with English and Kinyarwanda | |
 Senegal | official; Wolof most widely spoken | |
| Seychelles | co-official with English and Seychellois Creole | |
 Togo | official | |
| Tunisia | unofficial, but widely used | |
| Asia |  Cambodia | minority |
 Vietnam | minority | |
 Laos | administrative language | |
| Lebanon | unofficial, but spoken by the majority | |
| India | in Puducherry, co-official with Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam, spoken in Chandannagar with Bengali | |
| Jordan | minority | |
| Syria | minority | |
| North America | Canada | co-official with English; majority in  Quebec, minority in New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island |
| Guadeloupe | official | |
 Haiti | co-official with Haitian Creole | |
| Mexico | minority | |
| Martinique | official | |
| Saint Barthélemy | official | |
| Saint Martin | official | |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | official | |
| United States | minority language, especially in Louisiana, Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire[9] | |
| Oceania |  French Polynesia | official |
 New Caledonia | official | |
| Vanuatu | co-official with English and Bislama | |
| Wallis and Futuna | official | |
| South America | Argentina | minority |
| Brazil | minority, significantly in RJ/ES and other coastal states; see French, Belgian and Swiss Brazilians | |
| Chile | minority | |
| French Guiana | official | |
 Uruguay | minority |
 Map of the French-speaking world |
 Map of the Italian-speaking world |
Italian
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | Albania | unofficial, but widely spoken; some 70% of the population |
| Belgium | significant minority | |
| Bulgaria | minority | |
| Croatia | official status in Istria | |
| France | significant minority; also minority language in  Corsica | |
| Germany | significant minority | |
| Greece | minority | |
| Italy | official | |
| Luxembourg | significant minority | |
| Malta | unofficial, but widely spoken; some 66% of the population | |
| Monaco | unofficial, but widely spoken | |
| Romania | significant minority | |
 San Marino | official | |
| Slovenia | co-official in Koper, Izola and Piran | |
| Switzerland | significant minority; co-official with French, German, and Romansh | |
| Vatican City | official | |
| Africa |  Eritrea | minority |
| Libya | minority | |
 Somalia | minority | |
| Americas | Argentina | significant minority |
| Brazil | co-official in some municipalities, see Talian dialect | |
| Canada | minority | |
| Chile | minority | |
| Mexico | minority | |
| Peru | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Uruguay | minority | |
| Venezuela | minority | |
| Oceania | Australia | significant minority |
Portuguese
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | Portugal | official |
| Spain | minority in Olivenza | |
| France | minority | |
| Luxembourg | minority | |
| Switzerland | minority | |
| Andorra | minority | |
| Germany | minority | |
| Africa |  Angola | official |
 Cape Verde | official | |
 Guinea-Bissau | official | |
| Equatorial Guinea | co-official with Spanish and French | |
 Mozambique | official | |
 São Tomé and Príncipe | official | |
| South Africa | minority | |
| Namibia | minority | |
| Asia |  East Timor | co-official with Tetum |
 Japan | minority; see Brazilians in Japan | |
 Macau | co-official with Cantonese | |
| Malaysia | minority in Malacca; see Kristang language | |
| India | minority in Goa State | |
| North America | United States | minority |
| Canada | minority | |
| South America | Brazil | official, see Brazilian Portuguese |
| Paraguay | minority | |
| Uruguay |
minority | |
| Venezuela | minority | |
| Oceania | East Timor | co-official with Tetum |
| Australia | minority |
 Map of the Lusophone world |
 Map of the Hispanophone world |
Spanish
The following is a list of the 22 countries where Spanish is an official language:
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | Spain | official |
| Andorra | majority | |
| France | minority | |
| Germany | minority | |
| Gibraltar | not official – majority | |
| Italy | minority | |
| United Kingdom | minority | |
| Africa | Equatorial Guinea | co-official with French and Portuguese |
| Morocco | not official – minority | |
 Western Sahara | co-official with Arabic | |
 Ceuta | official | |
 Melilla | official | |
 Canary Islands | official | |
| Gabon, Cocobeach | official | |
| Asia | Australia | minority |
| Japan | minority | |
| New Zealand | minority | |
| Philippines | former official language, spoken by a minority; see Spanish language in the Philippines | |
| North America | Belize | plurality, but unofficial |
| Costa Rica | official | |
 Cuba | official | |
 Dominican Republic | official | |
 El Salvador | official | |
| Guatemala | official | |
 Honduras | official | |
| Mexico | de facto, official | |
 Nicaragua | official | |
 Panama | official | |
| United States | Co-official language in New Mexico and Puerto Rico. Spoken by a majority in PR and a significant minority in NM. Minority elsewhere[9] | |
| South America | Argentina | de facto |
 Bolivia | co-official with Quechua and Aymara and another 35 languages | |
| Brazil | minority | |
| Chile | official | |
| Colombia | official | |
 Ecuador | official | |
| Paraguay | co-official with Guaraní | |
| Peru | official | |
| Uruguay | official | |
| Venezuela | official | |
| Oceania |  Easter Island | co-official with Rapa Nui |
Hispanophone global world map language
Other Italic languages
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Aromanian | Greece | minority |
| Albania | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| North Macedonia | official | |
| Serbia | minority | |
| Bulgaria | minority | |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Catalan | Andorra | official |
| France | spoken in Northern Catalonia | |
| Italy | a significant minority in Alghero | |
| Spain | co-official with Spanish in  Catalonia, the  Balearic Islands, and .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Valencian Community. In El Carche (Murcia) and La Franja (Aragon) it is not official. | |
| Corsican | France | regional language in Corsica |
| Italy | minority in  Sardinia | |
| Sardinian | Italy |
co-official in Sardinia |
| Emilian-Romagnol | San Marino | co-official with Italian |
| Italy | significant minority; co-official with Italian in Emilia-Romagna | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Bulgaria | minority | |
| Ukraine | minority | |
| Greece | minority | |
| Cyprus | minority | |
| Galician | Spain | co-official with Spanish in  Galicia |
| Argentina | minority, from immigration | |
| Mexico |
minority, from immigration | |
| Brazil | minority, from immigration | |
| Cuba | minority, from immigration | |
| France | minority, from immigration | |
| Germany | minority, from immigration | |
| Switzerland | minority, from immigration | |
| Uruguay | minority, from immigration | |
| Venezuela | minority, from immigration | |
| Jèrriais | Jersey | unofficial |
 Sark | unofficial | |
| Latin | Vatican City | official, but not spoken |
| Mirandese | Portugal | co-official with Portuguese in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso |
| Occitan | France | minority |
| Italy | recognised minority language | |
| Spain | co-official with Catalan and Spanish in Catalonia | |
| Romanian | Bulgaria | significant minority |
| Cyprus | significant minority | |
| Greece | significant minority | |
| Italy | significant minority | |
| Moldova | official | |
| Romania | official | |
| Spain | minority | |
| Serbia | co-official in province of Vojvodina with 5 other languages | |
| Romansh | Switzerland | co-official with French, Italian, and German |
Slavic
 Map of the Russian-speaking world |
| Language | Country/disputed territory | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Belarusian | Belarus | co-official with Russian |
| Lithuania | minority | |
| Poland | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Bosnian | Bosnia and Herzegovina | co-official with Croatian and Serbian |
| Croatia | significant minority | |
| Macedonia | minority | |
| Montenegro | minority | |
| Serbia | significant minority, official in Sandžak | |
| Turkey | significant minority | |
| Bulgarian | Bulgaria | official |
| Greece | minority | |
| Macedonia | minority | |
| Moldova | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Serbia | minority | |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Ukraine | minority | |
| Croatian | Austria | co-official with German and Hungarian in Burgenland |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | co-official with Bosnian and Serbian | |
| Croatia | official | |
| Italy | co-official in Molise | |
| Montenegro | minority | |
| Romania | official in the municipalities of Carașova and Lupac[44] | |
| Serbia | co-official in province of Vojvodina with 5 other languages | |
| Czech | Austria | minority |
| Croatia | minority | |
| Czech Republic | official | |
| Germany | minority | |
| Slovakia | minority | |
| Kashubian | Poland | official in Pomerania |
| Macedonian | Albania | minority, official in Pustec Municipality |
| Macedonia | official | |
| Greece | minority | |
| Bulgaria | minority | |
| Serbia | minority, official in two municipalities | |
| Kosovo | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Montenegrin | Albania | minority |
| Croatia | minority | |
| Montenegro | official | |
| Serbia | minority, official in some municipalities | |
| Kosovo | minority | |
| Macedonia | minority | |
| Polish | Belarus | significant minority |
| Lithuania | significant minority | |
| Poland | official | |
| Ukraine | significant minority | |
| Brazil | minority; see Polish Brazilian | |
| Ireland | minority | |
| United States | not official – minority[9] | |
| Russian | ||
| Armenia | significant minority | |
| Azerbaijan | significant minority | |
| Belarus | co-official with Belarusian | |
| Bulgaria | minority | |
| China | minority | |
| Cyprus | significant minority | |
| Estonia | significant minority | |
| Finland | minority | |
| Georgia | significant minority | |
| Germany | significant minority | |
| Greece | minority | |
| Israel | significant minority | |
| Jordan | significant minority | |
| Kazakhstan | co-official with Kazakh | |
 North Korea | minority | |
| Kyrgyzstan | co-official with Kyrgyz | |
| Latvia | significant minority | |
| Lithuania | minority | |
 Transnistria | co-official with Ukrainian and Romanian | |
 Mongolia | significant minority | |
| Moldova | co-official in Gagauzia with Gagauz and Romanian | |
| Norway | minority | |
| Poland | minority | |
| Romania | significant minority | |
| Russia | official | |
| Serbia | minority | |
| Turkey | significant minority | |
| Tajikistan | significant minority | |
| Turkmenistan | significant minority | |
| Ukraine | significant minority, regional in some regions | |
| United States | significant minority | |
| Uzbekistan | significant minority | |
| Rusyn | Hungary | minority |
| Poland | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Slovakia | minority | |
| Ukraine | official in Zakarpattia | |
| Serbia | co-official in The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina with Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, and Croatian. | |
| Serbian | Bosnia and Herzegovina | official with Croatian and Bosnian |
| Croatia | significant minority | |
| Kosovo | co-official with Albanian | |
| Macedonia | minority | |
| Montenegro | minority | |
| Romania | co-official in Caraşova | |
| Serbia | official | |
| Slovak | Czech Republic | Co-official |
| Slovakia | official | |
| Slovene | Austria | minority |
| Croatia | minority | |
| Hungary | minority | |
| Italy | co-official in Friuli-Venezia Giulia with Friulian, Italian and German | |
| Slovenia | official | |
| United States | minority in Ohio[45] | |
| Sorbian, Lower | Germany | regional language in Brandenburg |
| Sorbian, Upper | Germany | regional language in Brandenburg and Saxony |
| Ukrainian | Argentina | minority |
| Belarus | significant minority | |
| Brazil | minority | |
| Canada | minority | |
| Hungary | minority | |
| Kazakhstan | significant minority | |
| Kyrgyzstan | minority | |
| Moldova | significant minority | |
| Slovakia | minority | |
| Poland | minority | |
| Romania | significant minority | |
| Russia | significant minority | |
| Transnistria | co-official with Romanian and Russian | |
| Ukraine | official | |
| United Kingdom | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Uzbekistan | minority | |
Mongolic languages
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Mongolian | Mongolia | official |
| China | regional, co-official with Chinese in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | |
| Kalmyk Oirat | Russia | official language in  Kalmykia[46] |
| Daur | China | minority, spoken by Daur people in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia |
Turkic languages
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijani | Azerbaijan | official |
| Iran | regional | |
| Iraq | minority | |
| Georgia | regional | |
| Russia | co-official in Dagestan | |
| Syria | minority | |
| Turkey | regional | |
| Ukraine | minority | |
| Belarus | minority | |
| Uyghur | China | regional, co-official with Chinese in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region |
| Kazakhstan | minority | |
| Uzbek | Afghanistan | minority |
| China | minority | |
| Kyrgyzstan | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Tajikistan | minority | |
| Turkmenistan | minority | |
| Uzbekistan | official | |
| Kazakh | Afghanistan | minority |
| China | regional, co-official with Chinese in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region | |
| Iran | minority | |
| Kazakhstan | official | |
| Mongolia | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Tajikistan | minority | |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Turkmenistan | minority | |
| Ukraine | minority | |
| Uzbekistan | minority | |
| Kyrgyz | Afghanistan | minority |
| China | minority | |
| Kyrgyzstan | official | |
| Pakistan | minority | |
| Tajikistan | minority | |
| Turkish | Turkey | official |
| Cyprus | co-official with Greek | |
| Iraq | recognized regional lang. | |
| Kosovo | recognized regional lang. | |
| Macedonia | recognized regional lang. | |
| Romania | recognized minority lang. | |
| Bulgaria | minority | |
| Greece | minority | |
| Germany | significant minority | |
| Netherlands | significant minority | |
| Israel | significant minority, from immigration from Palestine | |
| Austria | significant minority | |
| Denmark | significant minority | |
| Sweden | significant minority, from immigration from North Macedonia and Bulgaria | |
| Belgium | significant minority | |
| United Kingdom | significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus | |
| New Zealand | significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus, via UK | |
| Switzerland | significant minority | |
| Poland | significant minority, from immigration from Germany | |
| Ukraine | significant minority, from immigration from Georgia | |
| France | significant minority, from immigration from Algeria | |
| Canada | significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus and Algeria | |
| United States | significant minority, especially in big cities, such as New York City, Philadelphia and Chicago | |
| Australia | significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus | |
| Ireland | significant minority, from immigration from Cyprus | |
| Norway | significant minority, also from immigration from Algeria | |
| Turkmen | Turkmenistan | official |
| Iraq | majority in northern Iraq | |
| Iran | minority | |
| Afghanistan | minority | |
| Russia | spoken in Stavropol Krai | |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Gagauz |  Găgăuzia | official language of the autonomous region of Gagauzia, Moldova |
| Moldova | recognized minority language | |
| Ukraine | recognized minority language | |
| Tatar |  Tatarstan | official language of the Republic of Tatarstan |
| Russia | spoken in Russia and in former Soviet Union | |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Crimean Tatar | Ukraine | spoken in  Crimea and protected but not officially recognized language of Ukraine |
| Romania | minority language in Dobroudja | |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Siberian Tatar | Russia | in Siberia |
Afro-Asiatic languages
Distribution of Arabic as sole official language (green) and one of several official languages (blue)
Arabic
Dispersion of native Arabic speakers as the majority (green) or minority (chartreuse) population
Dravidian languages
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Badaga | India | minority |
| Brahui | Pakistan | minority, spoken in Balochistan |
| Iran | minority | |
| Afghanistan | minority | |
| Turkmenistan | minority | |
| Chenchu | India | minority |
| Duruwa | India | minority |
| Gondi | India | minority |
| Kannada | India |
official language in the state of Karnataka. Also spoken in the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, Goa. With significant minorities in Delhi, Gurgaon, Kolkata and Gujarat. |
| United States |
minority | |
| Kolami | India |
minority |
| Koraga | India |
minority |
| Kota | India |
minority, endangered Dravidian language |
| Koya | India | minority |
| Kui | India | minority |
| Kumarbhag Paharia | India | minority |
| Kurukh | Bangladesh | minority |
| India | minority | |
| Maria | India | minority |
| Nagarchal | India | minority, endangered Dravidian language |
| Pardhan | India | minority |
| Sauria Paharia | India | minority |
| Bangladesh | minority | |
| Toda | India | minority, endangered Dravidian language |
| Telugu | India | official Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Yanam |
| Mauritius | minority | |
| Denmark | minority | |
| Germany | minority | |
| Ireland | minority | |
| Poland | minority | |
| Sweden | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Malaysia | minority | |
 Myanmar | minority | |
| Saudi Arabia | minority | |
| Sri Lanka | minority | |
| United Arab Emirates | minority | |
| Australia | minority | |
| New Zealand | minority | |
| Canada | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | minority | |
| Guyana | minority | |
| Suriname | minority | |
| Guadeloupe | minority | |
| Martinique | minority | |
| Tamil | India |
official language in the state of Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Also spoken in the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala (Palakkad region). With significant minorities in Delhi, Gurgaon, Uttar Pradesh (NOIDA, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Varanasi, Allahabad), Bengal (Kolkata and Durgapur), Gujarat (Ahmadabad, Baroda, Surat & Jamnagar), Rajasthan(Jaipur and Ajmer), small minorities in Bihar(Patna and Gaya) and Manipur. |
| Sri Lanka |
official (national) language along with Sinhala, 1,229,000 Muslims, 4,656,000 Hindu[51] | |
| Singapore |
official language along with English, Mandarin, and Malay, 127,000 speakers[51] | |
| Australia | minority | |
| Bahrain | minority, 35,000 speakers[51] | |
| Canada |
significant minority, 200,000 speakers[51] | |
| Fiji | significant minority, 78,000 speakers[51] | |
| France |
significant minority | |
| Germany | minority, 33,000 speakers[51] | |
| Malaysia |
significant minority 1.8 million speakers[51] | |
| Mauritius |
significant minority, 115,200 speakers[51] | |
| Myanmar | significant minority, 151,000 speakers[51] | |
| New Zealand | minority | |
| Oman |
minority, 101,000 speakers[51] | |
| South Africa |
significant minority, 600,000 speakers[51] | |
 Thailand |
minority, 34,200 speakers[51] | |
| United Kingdom | Significant minority, 101,000 speakers or 0.2%[51] | |
| United States | significant minority, 250,000 speakers[51] | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | minority | |
| Guyana | significant minority | |
| Suriname | minority | |
| Guadeloupe | minority | |
| Martinique | minority | |
| Malayalam | India | official at state of Kerala and Union Territory of Lakshwadeep.
co-official in Puducherry (Mahe) |
| United Arab Emirates |
significant minority, 319,000 speakers[52] | |
| Australia |
minority | |
| Bahrain |
minority, 51,000 speakers[52] | |
| Canada |
minority, 18,000 speakers[52] | |
| Kuwait |
minority | |
| Malaysia |
minority, 172,000 speakers[52] | |
| New Zealand |
minority, 6,000 speakers[52] | |
| Oman |
minority, 69,000 speakers[52] | |
| Qatar |
minority, 63,000 speakers[52] | |
| Saudi Arabia |
minority | |
| Singapore |
minority, 24,000 speakers[52] | |
| United Kingdom |
minority | |
| United States |
minority, 84,000 speakers[52] | |
| Tulu | Bahrain |
minority |
| India |
minority; mainly in the region of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and in the state of Maharashtra | |
| Kuwait |
minority | |
| Oman |
minority | |
| Qatar |
minority | |
| Saudi Arabia |
significant minority | |
| United Arab Emirates |
minority | |
| United States |
significant minority | |
| Kodava | India |
minority |
| Ollari | India | minority |
Japonic languages
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Japanese | Japan | national |
| Philippines | significant minority. See Japanese in the Philippines | |
| France | minority | |
| Brazil | significant minority | |
| Peru | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Palau | Official in Angaur | |
 Taiwan | minority | |
| Ryukyuan | Brazil | minority |
| Japan | minority | |
| Taiwan | minority |
Koreanic languages
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Korean | Australia | minority |
| Brazil | minority | |
| Canada | minority | |
| China | minority, co-official with Chinese in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province | |
| Japan | minority | |
| North Korea | official | |
| Philippines | minority | |
 South Korea | official | |
| Taiwan | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Jeju | South Korea | official, in Jeju Island |
Language isolate
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Basque | ||
| France | majority in Northern Basque Country | |
| Spain | co-official with Spanish in  Basque Country and parts of  Navarre | |
| Venezuela | minority, from immigration. See Basque Venezuelan | |
| Nihali | India | minority, endangered language |
South Caucasian languages
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Georgian | Georgia | official |
| Turkey | minority | |
| Iran | minority | |
| Azerbaijan | minority | |
| Mingrelian language | Georgia | significant language |
 Abkhazia | significant language | |
| Svan language | Georgia | minority |
| Laz language | Turkey | significant language |
| Georgia | minority |
Sino-Tibetan languages
Other Sino-Tibetan
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Burmese[53] | Myanmar | official |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Singapore | minority, 50,000 p. | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Dzongkha |  Bhutan | official |
| Tibetan[54] | China | minority, official in Tibet Autonomous Region |
| Nepal | minority, in Upper Mustang | |
| India | minority | |
| Hani[55] | China | minority, in Yunnan province. |
| Vietnam | minority, called "Hà Nhì" | |
| Laos | minority, | |
| Karen[53] | Australia | minority, 11,000 p. |
| Myanmar | minority, 7 mi. p., Kayin state | |
| Thailand | minority, 1 mi. p., | |
| United States | minority, 70,000 p. | |
| Lahu[56] | China | minority, 720,000 peoples, in Yunnan province. |
| Laos | minority | |
| Myanmar | minority, 150,000 peoples | |
| Thailand | minority, 100,000 peoples | |
| United States | minority | |
| Vietnam | minority, called "La Hủ" | |
| Meithei | India | recognized minority, spoken by 1.25 mi. p. in Manipur and others |
| Nuosu (Yi, Lolo) | China | minority, spoken by 7.76 mi. of Yi people in South China[57] |
| Vietnam | minority, called "Lô Lô". |
Yue language
The varieties of spoken Chinese in Eastern China and Taiwan.
 Map of the Sinophone world.
Countries identified Chinese as a primary, administrative, or native language
Countries with more than 5,000,000 Chinese speakers
Countries with more than 1,000,000 Chinese speakers
Countries with more than 500,000 Chinese speakers
Countries with more than 100,000 Chinese speakers
|
Cantonese
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | Angola | minority |
| Cape Verde | minority | |
| Mauritius | minority | |
| South Africa | minority | |
| Asia | Brunei | minority |
| Cambodia | minority | |
| China | regional | |
| Hong Kong | co-official with English | |
| Indonesia | minority | |
| Japan | minority | |
| North Korea | minority | |
| South Korea | minority | |
| Laos | minority | |
| Macau | co-official with Portuguese | |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Myanmar | minority | |
| Philippines | minority | |
| Singapore | minority | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Vietnam | minority | |
| Europe | Bulgaria | minority |
| France | minority | |
| Germany | minority | |
| Ireland | minority | |
| Italy | minority | |
| Netherlands | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Serbia | minority | |
| Spain | minority | |
| United Kingdom | minority | |
| North America | Canada | minority |
| Cuba | minority | |
| Dominican Republic | minority | |
| Jamaica | minority | |
| Mexico | minority | |
| Nicaragua | minority | |
| Panama | minority | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Oceania | Australia | minority |
| Fiji | minority | |
| New Zealand | minority | |
 Samoa | minority | |
| Tonga | minority | |
| South America | Argentina | minority |
| Brazil | minority | |
| Chile | regional | |
| Guyana | minority | |
| Suriname | minority | |
| Peru | minority | |
| Suriname | minority | |
| Venezuela |
minority |
Taishanese
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | South Africa | minority |
| Asia | China | regional |
| Indonesia | minority | |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Philippines | minority | |
| Singapore | minority | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Vietnam | minority | |
| Europe | United Kingdom | minority |
| North America | Canada | minority |
| United States | minority | |
| Oceania | Australia | minority |
| New Zealand | minority | |
| South America | Brazil | minority |
| Peru | minority | |
| Venezuela | minority |
Hakka
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | Angola | minority |
| Cape Verde | minority | |
| Mauritius | minority | |
| South Africa | minority | |
| Asia | Brunei | minority |
| Cambodia | minority | |
| China | regional | |
| Hong Kong | minority | |
| Indonesia | minority | |
| Japan | minority | |
| North Korea | minority | |
| South Korea | minority | |
| Laos | minority | |
| Macau | minority | |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Myanmar | minority | |
| Philippines | minority | |
| Singapore | minority | |
| Taiwan | co-official with Chinese | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Vietnam | minority | |
| Europe | Bulgaria | minority |
| France | minority | |
| Germany | minority | |
| Ireland | minority | |
| Italy | minority | |
| Netherlands | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Serbia | minority | |
| Spain | minority | |
| United Kingdom | minority | |
| North America | Canada | minority |
| Cuba | minority | |
| Dominican Republic | minority | |
| Jamaica | minority | |
| Mexico | minority | |
| Nicaragua | minority | |
| Panama | minority | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Oceania | Australia | minority |
| Fiji | minority | |
| New Zealand | minority | |
| Samoa | minority | |
| Tonga | minority | |
| South America | Argentina | minority |
| Brazil | minority | |
| Chile | regional | |
| Guyana | minority | |
| Peru | minority | |
| Suriname | minority |
Standard Chinese
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | Angola | minority |
| Cape Verde | minority | |
| Mauritius | minority | |
| South Africa | minority | |
| Asia | Brunei | minority |
| Cambodia | minority | |
| China | national | |
| Hong Kong | minority | |
| Indonesia | minority | |
| Japan | minority | |
| North Korea | minority | |
| South Korea | minority | |
| Laos | minority | |
| Macau | minority | |
| Malaysia | significant minority | |
| Myanmar | minority | |
| Philippines | minority | |
| Singapore | co-official with English, Malay and Tamil | |
| Taiwan | official | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Vietnam | minority | |
| Europe | Bulgaria | minority |
| France | minority | |
| Germany | minority | |
| Ireland | minority | |
| Italy | minority | |
| Netherlands | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Serbia | minority | |
| Spain | minority | |
| United Kingdom | minority | |
| North America | Canada | minority |
| Cuba | minority | |
| Dominican Republic | minority | |
| Jamaica | minority | |
| Mexico | minority | |
| Nicaragua | minority | |
| Panama | minority | |
| Puerto Rico | minority | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | minority | |
| United States | minority[9] | |
| Oceania | Australia | minority |
| Fiji | minority | |
| New Zealand | minority | |
| Samoa | minority | |
| Tonga | minority | |
| South America | Argentina | minority |
| Brazil | minority | |
| Chile | regional | |
| Guyana | minority | |
| Peru | minority | |
| Suriname | minority | |
| Venezuela | minority |
Min/Min Nan
| Regions | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | Angola | minority |
| Cape Verde | minority | |
| Mauritius | minority | |
| South Africa | minority | |
| Asia | Brunei | minority |
| Cambodia | minority | |
| China | regional | |
| Hong Kong | minority | |
| Indonesia | minority | |
| Japan | minority | |
| North Korea | minority | |
| South Korea | minority | |
| Laos | minority | |
| Macau | minority | |
| Malaysia | minority, lingua franca in Penang | |
| Myanmar | minority | |
| Philippines | minority | |
| Singapore | widely spoken among the older generation, still a minority for the younger generation | |
| Taiwan | widely spoken, lingua franca alongside Hakka, see Taiwanese Hokkien, statutory language for public transportation announcements | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Vietnam | minority | |
| Europe | Bulgaria | minority |
| France | minority | |
| Germany | minority | |
| Ireland | minority | |
| Italy | minority | |
| Netherlands | minority | |
| Romania | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Serbia | minority | |
| Spain | minority | |
| United Kingdom | minority | |
| North America | Canada | minority |
| Cuba | minority | |
| Dominican Republic | minority | |
| Jamaica | minority | |
| Mexico | minority | |
| Nicaragua | minority | |
| Panama | minority | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Oceania | Australia | minority |
| Fiji | minority | |
| New Zealand | minority | |
| Samoa | minority | |
| Tonga | minority | |
| South America | Argentina | minority |
| Brazil | minority | |
| Chile | regional | |
| Guyana | minority | |
| Peru | minority | |
| Suriname | minority |
Malayo-Polynesian languages
Bornean
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Bajau | Indonesia | minority |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Philippines | minority | |
| Brunei Malay | Brunei | regional |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Coastal Kadazan | Malaysia | minority |
| Iban | Malaysia | regional |
| Brunei | minority | |
| Indonesia | minority | |
| Malagasy | Comoros | minority |
| Madagascar | official | |
| Mayotte | minority | |
| Sama | Indonesia | minority |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Philippines | minority | |
| Yakan | Philippines | regional |
Philippine
Map of the Tagalog-speaking world
Countries with more than 500,000 speakers
Countries with more than 100,000 speakers
Countries where it is spoken by minor communities
East Fijian
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Fijian | Fiji | official |
Micronesian
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Carolinian | Northern Mariana Islands | official |
| Guam | minority | |
| Chuukese | FS. Micronesia | regional |
| Gilbertese | Fiji | minority |
| Kiribati | official | |
| Nauru | minority | |
| Solomon Islands | minority | |
| Tuvalu | minority | |
| Vanuatu | minority | |
| Kosraean | FS. Micronesia | regional |
| Marshallese | Marshall Islands | official |
| Nauruan | Nauru | official |
| Pohnpeian | FS. Micronesia | regional |
| Sosorolese | Palau | regional |
| Tobian | Palau | regional |
| Ulithian | FS. Micronesia | regional |
| Yapese | FS. Micronesia | regional |
Polynesian
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Cook Islands Māori | Cook Islands | official |
| Futunan | Wallis and Futuna | official |
| Hawaiian |  Hawaii | official |
| Māori | New Zealand | co-official with English and New Zealand Sign Language |
| Niuean | Cook Islands | minority |
 Niue | official | |
| New Zealand | minority | |
| Tonga | minority | |
| Rapa Nui | Easter Island | official |
| Samoan | American Samoa | official |
| Samoa | official | |
| Tahitan | French Polynesia | official |
| Tokelauan |  Tokelau | official |
| Tongan | Tonga | official |
| Tuvaluan | Tuvalu | official |
| Wallisian | Wallis and Futuna | official |
Map of locations speakers of Indonesian
Malayo-Sumbawan
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Acehnese | Indonesia | minority |
| Balinese | Indonesia | minority |
| Banjarese | Indonesia | minority |
| Cham[58] | Cambodia | minority |
| Vietnam | minority | |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Indonesian | Indonesia | official |
| East Timor | co-official with Tetum | |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Brunei | minority | |
| Singapore | minority | |
| Taiwan | widely spoken, the people were historically in charged to colonize Dutch East Indies and Indonesia has become the biggest work force in Taiwan | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Philippines | minority | |
| Jarai[59] | Vietnam | minority |
| Cambodia | minority | |
| Javanese | Indonesia | regional |
| Malaysia | minority | |
| Suriname | minority | |
| Lampung | Indonesia | minority |
| Madurese | Indonesia | minority |
| Makassarese | Indonesia | minority |
| Malay | Malaysia | official |
| Brunei | official | |
| Singapore | co-official | |
| Indonesia | regional | |
| Philippines | significant minority | |
| Taiwan | significant minority from historical event, see Japanese Empire | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Minangkabau | Indonesia | regional |
| Malaysia | regional | |
| Singapore | minority | |
| Palauan | Palau | official |
| Rejang | Indonesia | minority |
| Sasak | Indonesia | minority |
| Tetum | East Timor | official |
Tungusic languages
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Evenki | Russia | minority, in Siberia |
| China | minority, in Evenki Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia | |
| Mongolia | minority | |
| Nanai (Hezhen) | Russia | minority, in Khabarovsk Krai |
| China | minority, in Heilongjiang Province | |
| Manchu | China | in North East china |
Uralic languages
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Estonian | Estonia | official |
| Finland | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Finnish | Finland | co-official with Swedish except in Åland Islands, where Swedish is the only official language. |
| Estonia | minority | |
| Norway | minority | |
| Russia | minority | |
| Sweden | minority | |
| Hungarian | Hungary | official |
| Serbia | minority, co-official in Vojvodina | |
| Romania | significant minority | |
| Slovakia | minority | |
| Austria | minority | |
| Ukraine | minority | |
| Sami | Finland | official minority language in Lapland. |
| Norway | official | |
| Russia | non-recognised minority | |
| Sweden | official regional minority language |
Na-Dene
Apachean
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Navajo | United States[60] | minority |
| Apache | United States | minority |
| Chiricahua | United States | minority |
| Jicarilla | United States | minority |
| Lipan Apache | United States | minority |
| Plains Apache | United States | minority |
| Mescalero | United States | minority |
| Western Apache | United States | minority |
Iroquoian
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Cherokee | United States |
minority; mostly spoken in the region of  Cherokee Nation in the state of  Oklahoma |
| Erie (Language) | United States |
minority |
Uto-Aztecan
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Hopi | United States |
officially; in Hopi Reservation Hopi, AZ |
| Tübatulabal | United States |
minority |
| Tongva | United States |
minority; in Los Angeles, CA |
| Numic | United States |
minority |
Austroasiatic
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Bahnar[61] | Vietnam | minority, 227,716 p. in south Vietnam (2009) |
| Bru[62] | Laos | minority, 69,000 p. in south Laos. |
| Vietnam | minority, 74,500 p. in central Vietnam (2009) | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Khasi | India | official language in Meghalaya |
| Bangladesh |
minority | |
| Khmer[63] | Cambodia | official |
| Vietnam | minority, 1.26 mi. p. in south Vietnam | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Khmu[62] | Laos | minority, 621,000 p. |
| Vietnam | minority, 73,000 p. | |
| Thailand | minority, 10,000 p. | |
| China | minority | |
| Kuy[64] | Thailand | minority |
| Cambodia | minority | |
| Laos | minority | |
| Mnong[61] | Vietnam | minority |
| Cambodia | minority | |
| Mon | Myanmar | Recognised regional language |
| Thailand | minority | |
| Muong[61] | Vietnam | minority, spoken by 1.6 mi. Muong peoples in north Vietnam |
| Vietnamese | Vietnam | official |
| Czech Republic | minority[65] | |
| United States | minority[9] | |
| Australia | minority, 0.21 mi.p.[66] | |
| Cambodia | minority, 0.6 mi.p.[67] | |
| Canada | minority, 0.22 mi.p. | |
| France | minority, 0.3 mi.p. | |
| Laos | minority, 0.1 mi.p. | |
| Wa[68] | Myanmar | minority, 0.9 mi. peoples in Shan state |
| China | minority, 0.4 mi. peoples in China's Yunnan Province. |
Tai–Kadai
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Bouyei[69] | China | minority, in south China |
| Vietnam | minority, called "Giáy", in north Vietnam | |
| Lao | Laos | official |
| Thailand | minority, known as Isan, 20 mi. p. in northern and eastern Thailand | |
| Thai | Thailand | official |
| China | minority, spoken by Dai people in south China, noted as Tai Lü and Tai Nüa | |
| Myanmar | minority, | |
| Vietnam | minority, 1.6 mi. p., as Thái dialect in north Vietnam | |
| Shan[53] | Myanmar | minority, but majority in Shan state |
| Thailand | minority, in north-west | |
| Nung[61] | Vietnam | minority, spoken by 1 mi. p. in north Vietnam |
| Tày[61] | Vietnam | minority, spoken by 1.6 mi. p. in north Vietnam |
| Zhuang | China | minority,[70] 18 mi. peoples, most in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. |
Hmong–Mien
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Hmong[71] (Miao) |
China | minority |
| Vietnam | minority | |
| Laos | minority | |
| Thailand | minority | |
| United States | minority | |
| Australia | minority | |
| France | minority | |
| Mienic (Yao) |
China | minority |
| Vietnam | minority, called "Dao" | |
| Laos | minority | |
| Thailand | minority |
Pama-Nyungan
| Language | Country | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Yolŋu | Australia |
minority |
| Gurindji | Australia |
minority |
| Ngaanyatjarra | Australia |
minority |
| Kartu | Australia |
minority |
| Karnic | Australia |
minority |
| Yotayotic | Australia |
minority |
| Yuin–Kuric | Australia |
minority |
| Warlpiri | Australia |
minority |
| Kalaw Lagaw Ya | Australia |
minority |
| Warrongo | Australia |
minority |
Note
- Includes Bangladeshi Americans, Americans of Bangladeshi descent and Bengali Indian Americans, Americans of Indian descent whose ancestral origins are in West Bengal, the Barak Valley and Tripura
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External links
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