Lehigh County, Pennsylvania

Lehigh County (Pennsylvania German: Lechaa Kaundi) is a county located in the Lehigh Valley region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 349,497.[1] Its county seat is Allentown, the state's third-largest city behind Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.[2] The county, which was first settled around 1730, was formed in 1812 with the division of Northampton County into two counties. It is named after the Lehigh River, whose name is derived from the Delaware Indian term Lechauweki or Lechauwekink, meaning "where there are forks".[3]

Lehigh County
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 40°37′N 75°35′W
Country United States
State Pennsylvania
FoundedMarch 6, 1812
Named forLehigh River
SeatAllentown
Largest cityAllentown
Area
  Total348 sq mi (900 km2)
  Land345 sq mi (890 km2)
  Water3.1 sq mi (8 km2)  0.9%%
Population
  Estimate 
(2019)
369,318
  Density1,046/sq mi (404/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
  Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district7th
Websitewww.lehighcounty.org

Lehigh County is part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metropolitan area, but also borders the Delaware Valley and is a part of the Philadelphia media market. It is one of the fastest-growing counties in Pennsylvania.[4]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 348 square miles (900 km2), of which 345 square miles (890 km2) is land and 3.1 square miles (8.0 km2) (0.9%) is water.[5]

Topography

The Lehigh River near Slatington at the Lehigh County–Northampton County line, 2007

The Lehigh Valley, which includes all of Lehigh and Northampton counties, is bounded on the north by Blue Mountain, a ridge of the Appalachian mountain range with an altitude of 1,300 to 1,604 feet (396 to 489 m), and on the south by South Mountain, a ridge of 700 to 1,100 feet (210 to 340 m) that cuts through the southern portions of the two counties. The highest point in Lehigh County is Bake Oven Knob, a mass of Tuscarora conglomeratic rocks that rise about 100 feet (30 m) above the main ridge of the Blue Mountain in northwestern Heidelberg Township.[6]

Lehigh County is in the Delaware River watershed. While most of the county is drained by the Lehigh River and its tributaries, the Schuylkill River also drains regions in the south of the county via the Perkiomen Creek and the northwest via the Maiden Creek.

Adjacent counties

Climate

The county's climate is considered to fall in the humid continental climate zone. The variety is hot-summer (Dfa) except in higher areas where it is warm-summer (Dfb). Summers are typically hot and muggy, fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is cold. Precipitation is almost uniformly distributed throughout the year.

For the city of Allentown, January lows average −6 °C (21 °F) and highs average 1.3 °C (34.3 °F). The lowest officially recorded temperature was −26.7 °C (−16.1 °F) in 1912. July lows average 17.6 °C (63.7 °F) and highs average 29.2 °C (84.6 °F), with an average relative humidity (morning) of 82%. The highest temperature on record was 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) in 1966. Early fall and mid winter are generally driest, with October being the driest month with only 74.7 mm of average precipitation.[7]

The hardiness zone is mainly 6b with some 6a in higher areas.[8]

Snowfall is variable, with some winters bringing light snow and others bringing numerous significant snowstorms. Average snowfall is 82.3 centimetres (32.4 in) per year,[9] with the months of January and February receiving the highest at just over 22.86 centimetres (9.00 in) each. Rainfall is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to twelve wet days per month,[10] at an average annual rate of 110.54 centimetres (43.52 in).[11]

Historical population
CensusPop.
182018,895
183022,25617.8%
184025,78715.9%
185032,47926.0%
186043,75334.7%
187056,79629.8%
188065,96916.2%
189076,63116.2%
190093,89322.5%
1910118,83226.6%
1920148,10124.6%
1930172,89316.7%
1940177,5332.7%
1950198,20711.6%
1960227,53614.8%
1970255,30412.2%
1980272,3496.7%
1990291,1306.9%
2000312,0907.2%
2010349,49712.0%
2019 (est.)369,318[15]5.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[16]
1790-1960[17] 1900-1990[18]
1990-2000[19] 2010-2019[1]

Demographics

As of the 2010 census, the county was 71.6% White Non-Hispanic, 6.1% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American or Alaskan Native, 2.9% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian, 2.9% were two or more races, and 8.6% were some other race. 18.8% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.

As of the census[20] of 2000, there were 312,090 people, 121,906 households, and 82,164 families residing in the county. The population density was 900 people per square mile (348/km2). There were 128,910 housing units at an average density of 372 per square mile (144/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 87.02% White, 3.56% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 2.10% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 5.28% from other races, and 1.83% from two or more races. 10.22% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 27.1% were of German, 7.9% Italian, 7.7% Irish, 6.2% Pennsylvania German and 5.6% American ancestry. 85.0% spoke English, 8.4% Spanish and 1.2% Arabic as their first language.

There were 121,906 households, out of which 30.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.00% were married couples living together, 10.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.60% were non-families. 27.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.90% under the age of 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 29.20% from 25 to 44, 23.00% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.60 males.

Politics and government

As of January 2010, there were 223,867 registered voters in Lehigh County:[21]

Lehigh County and neighboring Northampton County are part of Pennsylvania's 7th Congressional district. The 7th Congressional district is a contentious swing district with neither Republicans nor Democrats winning the district consistently. Voters elected Republican Charlie Dent in 2004, 2006 and 2008 and, previously, Republican Pat Toomey in 1998, 2000, and 2002. In 2004, the county narrowly voted for John Kerry over George W. Bush for President, and in 2008 the county gave all statewide Democratic candidates significant leads and Barack Obama a victory of more than 15 points over John McCain, 57.1% to 41.5%. In 2012, President Obama carried the county again, but by a narrower margin: 53.17% to 45.52%.[22]

Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[23]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 45.5% 84,418 53.1% 98,498 1.4% 2,739
2016 45.3% 73,690 50.0% 81,324 4.7% 7,719
2012 45.4% 66,874 53.2% 78,283 1.4% 2,067
2008 41.6% 63,382 57.1% 87,089 1.3% 2,002
2004 48.4% 70,160 51.0% 73,940 0.7% 991
2000 47.7% 55,492 48.7% 56,667 3.6% 4,148
1996 42.5% 45,103 45.8% 48,568 11.7% 12,439
1992 37.1% 42,631 40.7% 46,711 22.2% 25,494
1988 56.3% 56,363 42.8% 42,801 0.9% 943
1984 59.7% 61,799 39.7% 41,089 0.6% 649
1980 52.9% 50,782 36.3% 34,827 10.8% 10,376
1976 49.2% 46,895 48.9% 46,620 1.9% 1,793
1972 62.4% 58,023 35.8% 33,325 1.8% 1,654
1968 49.5% 47,255 46.2% 44,033 4.3% 4,120
1964 34.6% 32,245 64.9% 60,377 0.5% 471
1960 57.6% 54,278 42.1% 39,640 0.3% 249
1956 63.3% 50,564 36.4% 29,067 0.3% 251
1952 57.5% 45,143 42.1% 33,033 0.4% 303
1948 53.7% 32,202 44.7% 26,826 1.7% 994
1944 51.8% 31,584 47.7% 29,134 0.5% 315
1940 47.0% 29,584 52.4% 33,007 0.6% 359
1936 41.3% 25,841 56.4% 35,325 2.3% 1,455
1932 47.0% 21,169 48.7% 21,939 4.4% 1,985
1928 74.4% 40,291 24.8% 13,463 0.8% 434
1924 59.0% 20,826 29.5% 10,415 11.5% 4,043
1920 59.5% 18,032 35.8% 10,863 4.7% 1,415
1916 44.7% 10,588 50.3% 11,920 5.0% 1,194
1912 12.2% 2,722 48.6% 10,834 39.2% 8,755
1908 48.8% 11,593 47.5% 11,285 3.7% 879
1904 52.9% 11,826 45.3% 10,138 1.8% 394
1900 47.6% 9,775 50.9% 10,438 1.5% 304
1896 48.9% 9,507 48.2% 9,369 2.9% 567
1892 41.7% 7,089 57.0% 9,699 1.4% 231
1888 43.4% 6,977 55.5% 8,927 1.2% 190
1884 43.7% 6,357 55.6% 8,095 0.6% 88
1880 42.4% 6,144 57.3% 8,292 0.1% 23

All five statewide winners carried it in November 2004. Although the Republican Party has historically been dominant in county-level politics, the Democratic Party has made substantial inroads this decade. In 2005, Bethlehem Mayor Don Cunningham unseated incumbent County Executive Jane Ervin to become the first Democrat to be elected to the office. Four of the nine commissioner seats and all row offices except for the District Attorney have held by Democrats since winning two at-large seats in November 2007. Lehigh County has a home-rule charter with four at-large and five district commissioners. In 2006 Lehigh County voters approved a county-charter amendment to combine the offices of Clerk of Courts, Register of Wills, and Recorder of Deeds into the office of the Clerk of Judicial Records. Clerk of Courts Andrea Naugle won the new office in November 2007.

Allentown, Pennsylvania in Lehigh County, 2010

County executives

Lehigh County Executives
Name Party Term start Term end
Jane R. Ervin Republican 2002 2006
Don Cunningham Democratic 2006 2012
William H. Hansell, Jr. Democratic 2012 2013
Matt Croslis Democratic 2013 2014
Tom Muller Democratic 2014 2018
Phil Armstrong Democratic 2018 Incumbent

Commissioners

DistrictHolderParty
1stMarc GrammesRepublican
2ndPercy DoughertyRepublican
3rdAmy ZanelliDemocratic
4thGeoff BraceDemocratic
5thVacant
At-LargeBob ElbichDemocratic
At-LargeDave HarringtonDemocratic
At-LargeDan HartzellDemocratic
At-LargeZakiya SmallsDemocratic

Other county offices

OfficeHolderParty
Clerk of Judicial RecordsAndrea NaugleDemocratic
County ExecutivePhil ArmstrongDemocratic
ControllerMark PinsleyDemocratic
CoronerScott GrimDemocratic
District AttorneyJames B. MartinRepublican
SheriffJoseph HannaRepublican

State House of Representatives[24]

DistrictRepresentativeParty
22Peter SchweyerDemocratic
131Justin SimmonsRepublican
132Michael H. SchlossbergDemocratic
133Jeanne McNeillDemocratic
134Ryan E. MackenzieRepublican
183Zach MakoRepublican
187Gary DayRepublican

State Senate[24]

DistrictRepresentativeParty
16Pat BrowneRepublican
18Lisa BoscolaDemocratic

United States House of Representatives

Education

4-year colleges and universities

2-year colleges and technical institutes

Public school districts

Map of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania School Districts

Public charter schools

Private high schools

Transportation

Air

Lehigh County's primary airport, Lehigh Valley International Airport (IATA: ABE, ICAO: KABE), is located three miles (4.8 km) northeast of Allentown in Hanover Township.

The county is also served by Allentown Queen City Municipal Airport, a two-runway general aviation facility located off of Allentown's Lehigh Street. Queen City is used predominantly by private aviation that was awarded General Aviation Airport of the year by the Eastern Region of the Federal Aviation Administration in 2006.[25]

Bus

Public bus service in Lehigh County is available through the Lehigh and Northampton Transportation Authority, known as LANTA. Several private bus lines, including Fullington Trailways and Trans-Bridge Lines, provide bus service from Allentown to New York City's Port Authority Bus Terminal, Philadelphia's Greyhound Terminal, Atlantic City's Bus Terminal, and other regional locations.

Major highways

Media

The Lehigh County is part of the Philadelphia broadcast media market, though numerous New York City radio and television stations also are available in Allentown and its suburbs. Lehigh County-based media include The Morning Call, a daily newspaper in Allentown, and two Allentown television stations: WLVT Channel 39 (a PBS affiliate) and WFMZ Channel 69 (an unaffiliated, independent television station).

Television

The four major Philadelphia-based network stations serving Lehigh County include KYW-TV (CBS), WCAU (NBC), WPVI (ABC) and WTXF (Fox). The four major Scranton/Wilkes-Barre-based network stations serving Lehigh County are WNEP-TV (ABC), WBRE-TV (NBC), WYOU (CBS), and WOLF-TV (Fox) The four major New York City-based network stations serving Lehigh County include WABC (ABC), WCBS-TV (CBS), WNBC (NBC), and WNYW (Fox). Lehigh Valley-based television outlets include WFMZ-TV Channel 69 (an Allentown independent station), WBPH-TV Channel 60, and WLVT-TV (a Bethlehem PBS affiliate).

Print

The primary newspaper for the county is The Morning Call, based in Allentown. The Express-Times, based in Easton, and Times News, based in Lehighton, also cover portions of the county.

Radio

Lehigh County-area radio stations include WAEB-AM, a news, talk and sports station (in Allentown), WAEB-FM (known as B104), a Top 40 music station (in Allentown), WZZO, a hard rock music station (in Whitehall Township), and others. Some major New York City stations and every major Philadelphia station also can be heard in the county.

Telecommunications

Lehigh County was once served only by the 215 area code from 1947 (when the North American Numbering Plan of the Bell System went into effect) until 1994. With the county's growing population, however, Lehigh County areas were afforded area code 610 in 1994. Today, Lehigh County is covered by 610. An overlay area code, 484, was added to the 610 service area in 1999.[26] A plan to introduce area code 835 as an additional overlay was rescinded in 2001.[27]

Recreation

Dorney Park and Wildwater Kingdom's Steel Force and Thunderhawk roller coasters, just outside Allentown. Steel Force opened in 1997 as the tallest and fastest roller coaster on the East Coast of the United States, with a first drop of 205 feet (62 m) and a top speed of 75 miles per hour (121 km/h).[28]
Coca-Cola Park in Allentown, home of the Lehigh Valley IronPigs

Most municipalities in the county have set aside at least some land for public recreation, from neighborhood parks and playgrounds to the more expansive parkways developed by the county, city and several townships. Following are the public parks within the county of more than of 25 acres (100,000 m2), including listings of their primary activities:

  • Big Rock Park, Salisbury and Upper Saucon Townships, 77-acre County-owned park atop Lehigh Mountain that is one of the few places in the county south of Blue Mountain exceeding 1000 feet in elevation. Access is from East Rock Road. Activities: hiking/walking, nature study, and picnicking.
  • Cedar Creek Parkway, Allentown, 127 acres (0.51 km2). City-owned park along Cedar Creek that includes Lake Muhlenberg and Malcolm W. Gross Rose Gardens. Activities: hiking/walking, jogging, basketball, fishing, swimming and picnicking. "Blues, Brews, and Barbeque," which launched in 2014, is held annually at Cedar Beach Park.[29][30][31]
  • Cedar Creek Parkway East, South Whitehall Township, 37.5 acres (152,000 m2). County-owned park along Cedar Creek that includes Haines Mill Museum. Activities: hiking/walking, soccer, fishing, nature study and picnicking.
  • Cedar Creek Parkway West, South Whitehall Township, 261 acres (1.06 km2). County-owned park along Cedar Creek. Activities: hiking/walking, jogging, baseball, softball, soccer, tennis, basketball, swimming, nature study and picnicking.
  • Covered Bridge Park, South Whitehall Township, 165 acres (0.67 km2). Township-owned park along Jordan Creek that includes two historic covered bridges. Activities: hiking/walking, jogging, football, soccer fields, volleyball, handball, fishing, disc golf, playground and nature study.
  • Jordan Creek Parkway, Whitehall & South Whitehall Townships, 296.1 acres (1.198 km2). County-owned park along Jordan Creek. Activities: hiking/walking, jogging, bicycling, softball, baseball, soccer, tennis, fishing, cross country skiing and nature study.
Jordan Creek Greenway along Jordan Creek in Lehigh County
  • Leaser Lake, Lynn Township, 540.5 acres (2.187 km2). County-owned park (227.6 acres (0.921 km2)) and Pennsylvania Fish Commission-owned (312.9-acre (1.266 km2)) recreation area that includes a 117-acre (0.47 km2) lake. Activities: hiking/walking, fishing, hunting, boating (sail, other non-motor and small electric motor), cross country skiing, ice-skating, nature study and picnicking.
  • Lehigh Canal Park, Allentown, 55 acres (220,000 m2). City-owned park along the Lehigh River. Activities: hiking/walking, fishing and non-motor boating.
  • Lehigh Parkway, Allentown, 999 acres (4.04 km2). City-owned park along Little Lehigh Creek that also includes the Lil-Le-Hi Trout Nursery. Activities: hiking/walking, bicycling, fishing, disc golf, nature study and picnicking.
Lehigh Parkway in Lehigh County
  • Lock Ridge Park, Alburtis, 59.2 acres (240,000 m2). County-owned park along Swabia Creek that includes the Lock Ridge Furnace Museum. Activities: hiking/walking, baseball, bicycling, fishing, cross country skiing, nature study and picnicking.
  • Lower Macungie Township Community Park, Lower Macungie township, 56 acres (230,000 m2). Township-owned park along Spring Creek. Activities: hiking/walking, jogging, soccer and picnicking.
  • Bob Rodale Cycling and Fitness Park, Upper Macungie Township, 103.4 acres (0.418 km2). County-owned bicycle track and fitness area. Activities: Hiking/walking, bicycling, softball, cricket, soccer, basketball, cross country skiing, roller blading, jogging, nature study, playground and picnicking.
  • Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, 134 acres (0.54 km2). City-owned park along Cedar Creek. Activities: hiking/walking, jogging and nature study.
  • Trexler Nature Preserve, North Whitehall Township, 1,108 acres (4.48 km2). County-owned park along Jordan Creek, formerly Trexler-Lehigh County Game Preserve, which includes the Lehigh Valley Zoo and is adding 18 miles (29 km) of trails in 2010. Activities: hiking/walking, mountain biking, jogging, fishing, hunting, nature study and picnicking.
  • Upper Macungie Park, Upper Macungie Township, 156.2 acres (0.632 km2). Township-owned park with nature trail. Activities: hiking/walking, baseball, softball, sand volleyball, horse shoes, playground, jogging, nature study and picnicking.
  • Whitehall Parkway, Whitehall Township, 110 acres (0.45 km2). Township-owned park connected to the nine-mile (14 km) Ironton Rail-Trail. Activities: hiking/walking, bicycling, jogging and nature study.

Communities

Map of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania with Municipal Labels showing Cities and Boroughs (red), Townships (white), and Census-designated places (blue)
Young people gather on 19th Street, in Allentown's West End, 2007
A farm in Lynn Township in Lehigh County, 2008

.

Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in only one case, towns. The following cities, boroughs and townships are located in Lehigh County:

Cities

Boroughs

Townships

Census-designated places

Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here as well.

Unincorporated communities

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Lehigh County.[32]

county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)
1 Allentown City 118,032
2 Bethlehem (mostly in Northampton County) City 74,982
4 Emmaus Borough 11,211
5 Ancient Oaks CDP 6,661
6 Catasauqua Borough 6,436
7 Wescosville CDP 5,872
8 Fountain Hill Borough 4,597
9 Dorneyville CDP 4,406
10 Slatington Borough 4,232
11 Breinigsville CDP 4,138
13 Coplay Borough 3,192
14 Macungie Borough 3,074
15 Schnecksville CDP 2,935
17 Coopersburg Borough 2,386
18 Alburtis Borough 2,361
19 Cetronia CDP 2,115
20 Trexlertown CDP 1,988
22 Laurys Station CDP 1,243
24 DeSales University CDP 953
25 New Tripoli CDP 898
26 Slatedale CDP 455

Notable people

Lehigh County is the birthplace of, or home to, several notable Americans, including:

See also

Notes

  1. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
  2. Official records for Allentown were kept at Allentown Gas Company from March 1922 to December 1943, and at Lehigh Valley Int'l since January 1944. For more information, see ThreadEx.

References

  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. Roberts, Charles R. (1936). "Place Names of Lehigh County and Their Origin". Proceedings: Lehigh County Historical Society. Lehigh County Historical Society.
  4. Kraus, Scott (April 2, 2016). "Migration driving Lehigh Valley's recent population growth". The Morning Call. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  5. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  6. Miller, Benjamin LeRoy (1941). Lehigh County Pennsylvania: Geology and Geography. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Department of Internal Affairs, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
  7. "Normal Monthly Precipitation, Inches". Archived from the original on September 19, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  8. "Interactive Map," USDA
  9. "Snowfall – Average Total In Inches". Archived from the original on 2011-06-19. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  10. "Average Days of Precipitation, .01 cm or more". Archived from the original on November 3, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  11. "Average Monthly Precipitation". Archived from the original on September 19, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  12. "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  13. "Station Name: PA ALLENTOWN LEHIGH VALLEY INTL AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  14. "WMO Climate Normals for ALLENTOWN/A.-BETHLEHEM, PA 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
  15. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  16. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  17. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  18. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 24, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  19. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  20. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  21. Pennsylvania Department of State Archived 2008-11-26 at the Wayback Machine
  22. "Election Results 2008: President Map". New York Times. 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  23. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org.
  24. Center, Legislativate Data Processing. "Find Your Legislator". The official website for the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
  25. "Queen City Airport Designated General Aviation Airport of the Year by the Federal Administration Eastern Region". Lehigh Valley International Airport. Archived from the original on 2007-06-12. Retrieved 2007-06-22.
  26. "NANP-Overlay of 610 (Pennsylvania) Numbering Plan Area (NPA) with 484 NPA" (PDF). (359 KB)
  27. "PA 835 Implementation for 484/610 NPA Rescinded – 835 NPA Code Reclaimed" (PDF). (20.8 KB)
  28. "Rollercoaster Database: Steel Force (Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom)". Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  29. "Downtown Allentown Business Alliance - welcome to downtownallentown.com your Lehigh Valley destination for downtown Allentown PPL events, entertainment, dining and arts". www.downtownallentown.com. Archived from the original on 2019-02-11. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  30. News, 69 (2018-05-27). "Allentown Fairgrounds holds Music and Arts Celebration". WFMZ. Retrieved 2019-02-12.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. Call, The Morning. "Allentown ArtsFest brings alternative entertainment and fun for the fifth year". themorningcall.com. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  32. "2010 U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-07-10.

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