NRF1

Nuclear respiratory factor 1, also known as Nrf1, Nrf-1, NRF1 and NRF-1, encodes a protein that homodimerizes and functions as a transcription factor which activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, heme biosynthesis, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. The protein has also been associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene and for "nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1" which has an official symbol of NFE2L1.

NRF1
Identifiers
AliasesNRF1, ALPHA-PAL, nuclear respiratory factor 1
External IDsOMIM: 600879 MGI: 1332235 HomoloGene: 3674 GeneCards: NRF1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 7 (human)[1]
Band7q32.2Start129,611,720 bp[1]
End129,757,082 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern




More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

4899

18181

Ensembl

ENSG00000106459

ENSMUSG00000058440

UniProt

Q16656

Q9WU00

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005011
NM_001040110
NM_001293163
NM_001293164

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001035199
NP_001280092
NP_001280093
NP_005002

Location (UCSC)Chr 7: 129.61 – 129.76 MbChr 6: 30.05 – 30.15 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Nrf1 functions as a transcription factor that activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. Nrf1, together with Nrf2, mediates the biogenomic coordination between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes by directly regulating the expression of several nuclear-encoded ETC proteins, and indirectly regulating the three mitochondrial-encoded COX subunit genes by activating mtTFA, mtTFB1, and mtTFB2.

Nrf1 is associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth.[5]

Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized.[6]

Cyclin D1-dependent kinase, through phosphorylating NRF-1 at S47, coordinates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function.[7]

Interactions

NRF1 has been shown to interact with DYNLL1,[8] PPARGC1A,[9] and PPRC1.[10]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000106459 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058440 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Chang WT, Chen HI, Chiou RJ, Chen CY, Huang AM (August 2005). "A novel function of transcription factor alpha-Pal/NRF-1: increasing neurite outgrowth". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 334 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.079. PMID 15992771.
  6. "Entrez Gene: NRF1 nuclear respiratory factor 1".
  7. Wang C, Li Z, Lu Y, Du R, Katiyar S, Yang J, Fu M, Leader JE, Quong A, Novikoff PM, Pestell RG (2006). "Cyclin D1 repression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 integrates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (31): 11567–72. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311567W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603363103. JSTOR 30051572. PMC 1518800. PMID 16864783.
  8. Herzig RP, Andersson U, Scarpulla RC (December 2000). "Dynein light chain interacts with NRF-1 and EWG, structurally and functionally related transcription factors from humans and drosophila". J. Cell Sci. 113 (23): 4263–73. PMID 11069771.
  9. Wu Z, Puigserver P, Andersson U, Zhang C, Adelmant G, Mootha V, Troy A, Cinti S, Lowell B, Scarpulla RC, Spiegelman BM (July 1999). "Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1". Cell. 98 (1): 115–24. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80611-X. PMID 10412986. S2CID 16143809.
  10. Andersson U, Scarpulla RC (May 2001). "PGC-1-related coactivator, a novel, serum-inducible coactivator of nuclear respiratory factor 1-dependent transcription in mammalian cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (11): 3738–49. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.11.3738-3749.2001. PMC 87014. PMID 11340167.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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