Parbhani district

Parbhani district, is one of the eight districts in the Marathawada region of Maharashtra state of India. Parbhani city is the headquarters of this district. Parbhani district is well known for religious tourism of Jainism, Hinduism

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Parbhani.

Parbhani district
District of Maharashtra
Memorial to freedom fighters from Marathwada
Location of Parbhani district in Maharashtra
Coordinates (Parbhani): 19°30′N 76°45′E
CountryIndia
StateMaharashtra
DivisionAurangabad division
HeadquartersParbhani
Tehsils1. Parbhani, 2. Gangakhed, 3. Sonpeth, 4. Pathri, 5. Manwath, 6. Palam, 7. Sailu, 8. Jintur, 9. Purna
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituencies1. Parbhani, and part of Jalna District [1]
 • Vidhan Sabha constituencies4
Area
 • Total6,511.58 km2 (2,514.14 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total1,836,086[2]
Demographics
 • Literacy75.22%
 • Sex ratio940
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNH 222[3]
Websiteparbhani.nic.in
Talukas in Parbhani district

History

From 1596 to 1724, major part of the present territory of the district was divided between Pathri and Washim sarkars of Berar Subah of the Mughal empire. In 1724, after the battle of Sakharkheda, it went under the Nizam's rule. Following the re-organization of the states in 1956, Parbhani along with the other districts of Marathwada became part of Bombay State. On 1 May 1960 when Maharashtra state was formed, it became a part of it.[4]

During Namantar Andolan Parbhani district and its villages faced cultural animosities which brought civil rights revolution in Marathwada region.[5][6][7]

Geography

Parbhani district lies between 18.45 and 20.10 North Latitudes and 76.13 and 77.39 East Longitude. The district is bounded on the north by Hingoli and Buldhana districts. On the east by Nanded and Hingoli, on the South by Latur and on the West by Beed and Jalna districts.

Climate

Parbhani's climate is classified as tropical. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw. When compared with winter, the summers have much more rainfall.[8]

Climate data for Parbhani (1961–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.0
(96.8)		 38.2
(100.8)		 41.1
(106.0)		 44.5
(112.1)		 45.0
(113.0)		 44.2
(111.6)		 38.1
(100.6)		 35.0
(95.0)		 36.1
(97.0)		 36.1
(97.0)		 35.0
(95.0)		 34.0
(93.2)		 38.4
(101.1)
Average high °C (°F) 28.0
(82.4)		 32.0
(89.6)		 35.6
(96.1)		 38.4
(101.1)		 39.6
(103.3)		 33.0
(91.4)		 30.1
(86.2)		 29.4
(84.9)		 30.7
(87.3)		 31.6
(88.9)		 30.0
(86.0)		 28.0
(82.4)		 32.3
(90.1)
Average low °C (°F) 11.8
(53.2)		 14.9
(58.8)		 18.7
(65.7)		 22.3
(72.1)		 24.6
(76.3)		 24.0
(75.2)		 22.8
(73.0)		 22.2
(72.0)		 21.8
(71.2)		 19.0
(66.2)		 14.7
(58.5)		 11.5
(52.7)		 18.9
(66.0)
Record low °C (°F) 3.0
(37.4)		 5.9
(42.6)		 9.6
(49.3)		 14.8
(58.6)		 17.1
(62.8)		 18.2
(64.8)		 17.9
(64.2)		 18.1
(64.6)		 15.0
(59.0)		 9.1
(48.4)		 6.8
(44.2)		 2.7
(36.9)		 2.7
(36.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.7
(0.22)		 4.6
(0.18)		 12.5
(0.49)		 7.0
(0.28)		 19.2
(0.76)		 157.8
(6.21)		 238.4
(9.39)		 265.4
(10.45)		 184.9
(7.28)		 74.6
(2.94)		 13.8
(0.54)		 12.5
(0.49)		 996.4
(39.23)
Average rainy days 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.8 8.8 10.8 11.2 8.9 3.2 0.8 0.7 48.6
Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[9][10]

This entire Marathwada region, a district geographical region, was a part of Hyderabad State. After reorganization of states in 1956 it became a part of the then Bombay state and from 1960 onwards it is part of the present Maharashtra state.

The state capital of Mumbai is to the west; Parbhani is well connected by road to other major towns in Maharashtra and also in the neighboring state of Telangana. Parbhani is a major railway junction connecting Telangana with Marathwada.

In the northeast, on the boundary of Parbhani and Hingoli districts there is extension of Ajanta ranges called Nirmal Hills. The main river in the district is Godavari river, other rivers are Purna and Dudhana which are tributaries of Godavari. Major dams in Parbhani district are Yeldari dam which is on Purna river, Lower Dudhana dam is on Dudhana river, Mudgal barrage on Godavari river, Masoli Dam on Masoli river, and Karpara Dam on Karpara river.

Administrative Divisions

Parbhani district covers an area of about 6250.58 km2. The district is divided into 9 administrative Sub-units (Tehsils), namely, Parbhani, Gangakhed, Sonpeth, Pathri, Manwath, Palam, Selu, Jintur, and Purna.

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901353,265—    
1911425,672+1.88%
1921418,191−0.18%
1931466,278+1.09%
1941498,103+0.66%
1951550,621+1.01%
1961641,081+1.53%
1971805,383+2.31%
1981987,411+2.06%
19911,293,104+2.73%
20011,527,715+1.68%
20111,836,086+1.86%
source:[11]

According to the 2011 census Parbhani district has a population of 1,836,086,[12] roughly equal to the nation of Kosovo[13] or the US state of Nebraska.[14] This gives it a ranking of 259th in India (out of a total of 640).[12] The district has a population density of 295 inhabitants per square kilometre (760/sq mi) .[12] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.18%.[12] Parbhani has a sex ratio of 940 females for every 1000 males,[12] and a literacy rate of 75.22%.[12]

Ministry of Minority Affairs declared Parbhani as Minority Concentration District as Muslims makes 15.97% of the population.[15]

Languages

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 78.35% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 11.97% Urdu, 4.99% Hindi and 2.96% Lambadi as their first language.[16]

Languages used mostly in the district include Marathi, Dakkhani (Deccan) Urdu, Andh, Hindi, English and other.[17]

Salient physical features

The hills on the north east form part of the Ajanta Hill ranges which passes through Jintur Tahsil. The hills on the southern side are the Balaghat Hill ranges. The district is at an average height of 357 m from mean sea level.

Land of saints

Parbhani has been described as the land of saints, as several saints have been associated with Parbhani including Janabai from Gangakhed. The famous mathematician Bhaskarbhatt was from Bori in Parbhani district.

Turabul Haq Dargah, the tomb of the eponymous Muslim saint is located in Parbhani city.

Nemgiri (sequence of caves) related to Jainism, is situated in Jintur town of the district.[18]

Sri Sai Janmasthan Temple (Sai Baba Birth Temple) is a temple in heart of the Pathri town, where spiritual master Sai Baba of Shirdi was born.[19][20][21]

Selu town was home to Guru of Shri Sai Baba "Shri Babasaheb Maharaj". Sai Baba stayed with him for 12 years during which time he acquired knowledge from his Guru.

Mudgaleshwar

It is located on the bank of the Godavari river. A temple is in the midst of the river. The temple in the middle of the river flow and is more than nine hundred years old and same is written on stone script at the entrance. Temple on river bank and old ghat was built by "Ahilya Bai" 250 years back. Lord "Narasimha Swamy" has taken the form "Shivalinga" along with his wife "Mahalaxmi" and son "Moudgalya" and daughter-in-law "Jaabalabai". During rainy season the temple gets immersed in water. To have darshan one has to swim to the temple. Best time to visit is summer season i.e. from April to June. To reach the place one has to travel by train via "Parbhani" or "Parli Vaidyanath".

The temple used to be managed by Shri Sahebrao Mudgalkar and Shri Subhashrao Mudgalkar. The Shivaratri is celebrated here every year. All type of pujas are performed here. Nagbali and Sukhshanti pujas are very famous.

The new dam is constructed on the river. Recently a Dattatriya temple is constructed and murthy staphana is completed on 26 December 2012.

See also

References
  1. Constituencies of Mahrashtra Archived 6 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  2. "Parbhani District : Census 2011 data". Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  3. "NH 222". Wikimapia. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  4. "Chapter 2-History". Parbhani District Gazetteers, Government of Maharashtra. 1967.
  5. Namantar Andolan
  6. Mendelsohn, O., Vicziany, M., (1998). The Untouchables Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India, Cambridge University Press, pp 73-75
  7. Mendelsohn, Oliver; Vicziany, Marika (30 April 1998). The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India - Oliver Mendelsohn, Marika Vicziany - Google Books. ISBN 9780521556712. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  8. "Climate Parbhani: Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Parbhani". En.climate-data.org. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  9. "Parbhani Climatological Table Period: 1961–1990". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  10. "Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  11. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  12. "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  13. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011. Kosovo 1,825,632 July 2011 est.
  14. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Nebraska 1,826,341
  15. "Parbhani |". Minorityaffairs.gov.in. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  16. 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
  17. M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Andh: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  18. "Nemgiri.org". nemgiri.org. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
  19. http://www.saijanmasthanpathri.com/
  20. "Sai Baba was not a Muslim but a Brahmin, penalise those who insult him: Temple trust to HC". The Indian Express. 15 September 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  21. http://parbhani.nic.in/htmldocs/religeous.html
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