Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong

Visa requirements for Hong Kong citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on holders of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passports.

Not to be confused with Visa requirements for Chinese citizens or Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau.
"Visa requirements for Hong Kong citizens" redirects here. For entry requirements for British Nationals (Overseas) in Hong Kong, see Visa requirements for British Nationals (Overseas).

As of 7 July 2020, Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of Hong Kong (hereafter called Chinese citizens of Hong Kong or simply Hong Kong citizens) holding HKSAR passports had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 170 countries and territories (tied with Argentina, Brazil, Croatia and the United Arab Emirates), ranking the HKSAR passport 19th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] The official figure provided by the Hong Kong Immigration Department of countries and territories granting visa-free access to Hong Kong SAR passport holders was 168 as of 22 January 2020. (However, this figure excludes countries and territories which are not officially recognised by the People's Republic of China, such as Kosovo and Taiwan so the practical figure relevant to travellers is actually higher.)[2]

Due to its one country, two systems stance, the Government of Hong Kong can make a visa-waiver agreement for Chinese residents of Hong Kong with other countries. As a result of both bilateral visa abolition agreements (e.g. between Hong Kong and Russia[3]) and unilateral decisions to grant visa exemptions (e.g. Myanmar), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport holders enjoy visa exemptions and simplified visa procedures to a large number of destinations worldwide. Whilst the visa exemptions mostly only apply when Chinese citizens of Hong Kong are visiting on short trips for pleasure or on business, a number of countries extend the visa exemption to short stays involving paid activities (e.g. Belgium and Luxembourg).

Hong Kong citizens may hold a HKSAR passport only if they are also permanent residents of Hong Kong and hold a valid Hong Kong Permanent Identity Card. This article deals only with the visa requirements for HKSAR passport holders, who due to the "One country, two systems" principle are not eligible to hold PRC passports, and vice versa. For PRC passport holders, check Visa requirements for Chinese citizens.

Visa requirements map
Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong (by 1 January 2020)
  Hong Kong
  ID card travel
  Mainland Travel Permit travel
  Visa free access
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

COVID-19 pandemic

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have imposed temporary travel restrictions on Chinese citizens or persons arriving from China.

  •  Russia — entry ban on Hong Kong citizens travelling for private, educational, working and tourist purposes.[4]

Greater China
Jurisdiction Visa requirement Notes
 Mainland China With Home Return Permit[5] Home Return Permit can only be applied from Hong Kong or Macau. For those without a Home Return Permit and are not in Hong Kong or Macau, a Chinese Travel Document is required and can be applied at Chinese diplomatic missions.
 Macau Visa not required[6] Visa free for holders of Hong Kong Permanent Identity Cards for a stay of less than one year. Visa not required for 7 days for passengers in transit holding HKSAR passports.

Visa requirements

Visa requirements for holders of normal passports travelling for tourist purposes:

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[7]
 Albania Visa not required[8] 14 days
  • Permanent ID Card valid
 Algeria Visa required[9]
 Andorra Visa not required[10] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 days period
 Angola Visa required[11]
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[12] 30 days
 Argentina Visa not required[13] 90 days
 Armenia Visa not required[14] 180 days
 Australia Electronic Travel Authority[15] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
  • Starting from August 21, 2020, Hong Kong passport holders are eligible for applying 5 years student and temporary skilled visas after the enforcement of the national security law. After meeting the requirement of the 5 years stay, the visa holder can apply the Australian citizenship. [16]
 Austria Visa not required[17] 90 days
 Azerbaijan eVisa / Visa on arrival[18] 30 days
 Bahamas Visa not required[19] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[20] 14 days
  • May apply online.[21]
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[22] (Conditional)
 Barbados Visa not required[23] 90 days[24]
 Belarus Visa not required[25] 30 days[26]
 Belgium Visa not required[27] 90 days
 Belize Visa not required[28]
 Benin Visa not required[29][30] 14 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[31]
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[32] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[33] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
 Botswana Visa not required[34] 90 days
  • 90 days within any year period
 Brazil Visa not required[35] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[36] 14 days
 Bulgaria Visa not required[37] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[38] 1 month
 Burundi Visa required[39]
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[40] 30 days
  • May apply online.[41]
 Cameroon Visa required[42]
 Canada Visa not required[43] 6 months
  • Starting from 2021, Canada will roll out a new scheme for Hong Kong residents migrating to the country after the enforcement of the national security law. 3 years work permits will be available for those who were graduated from either a recognised Canadian or overseas post-secondary institution in the last five years. If approved, their spouse or partner as well as children can also apply to come with them.[44] Details of proving a path to Canadian citizenship will be announced in 2021.
  • eTA required if arriving by air.[45]
 Cape Verde Visa not required[46] 90 days
 Central African Republic Visa required[47]
 Chad Visa required[48]
 Chile Visa not required[49] 90 days
 Mainland China With Mainland Travel Permit only, Hong Kong Passport is only suitable for transit in Mainland China
  • Entry to Mainland China cannot be on a HKSAR passport. However, all eligible for a HKSAR passport are also eligible to apply for a separate Mainland Travel Permit(MTP), otherwise and previously known as a home return permit, allowing the holder to enter and stay in Mainland China for indefinite period until its expiry (as a tourist/ for business, those who wish to take up employment or studies need to apply for separate study/ work permits in addition to their MTP.) Issuance of the MTP however is not guaranteed for all Chinese citizens of Hong Kong and is at the sole discretion of the Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration of the Ministry of Public Security of China.
 Colombia Visa not required[50] 180 days
 Comoros Visa on arrival[51]
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[52]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[53]
 Costa Rica Visa required[54]
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[55]
 Croatia Visa not required[57] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Cuba Tourist Card required[58] 30 days
 Cyprus Visa not required[59] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Czech Republic Visa not required[60] 90 days
 Denmark Visa not required[61] 90 days
 Djibouti eVisa[62] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[63] 6 months
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[64] 90 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[65] 90 days[66]
 Egypt Visa not required[67] 3 months
 El Salvador Visa required[68]
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[69]
 Eritrea Visa required[70]
 Estonia Visa not required[71] 90 days
 Eswatini Visa required[72]
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[73] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[76] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[77] 90 days
 France and territories Visa not required[78] 90 days
 Gabon e-Visa[79]
  • Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
 Gambia Visa required[80]
  • In addition to a visa, an entry clearance must be obtained from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel.[81]
 Georgia eVisa[82] 30 days
  • 30 days within any 120 days period
 Germany Visa not required[83] 90 days
 Ghana Visa required[84]
 Greece Visa not required[85] 90 days
 Grenada Visa not required[86] 3 months
  • Beginning on December 1, 2020, all travellers to Grenada will be required to complete an online application in order to receive a Pure Safe Travel Authorization Certificate to enter Grenada.[87]
 Guatemala Visa required[88]
 Guinea eVisa[89]
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[90] 90 days
  • May apply online[91]
 Guyana Visa not required[92] 90 days[93]
 Haiti Visa not required[94] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[95]
  • No visa required if holding valid visa of US, Canada, or Schengen Member State
 Hungary Visa not required[96] 90 days
 Iceland Visa not required[97] 90 days
 India e-Visa[98] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][99]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
 Indonesia Visa not required[100] 30 days
 Iran Visa not required[101] 21 days[102]
 Iraq Visa required[103]
 Ireland Visa not required[104] 3 months
 Israel Visa not required[105] 3 months
 Italy Visa not required[106] 90 days
 Jamaica Visa not required[107] 30 days
 Japan Visa not required[108] 90 days
 Jordan Visa on arrival[109]
  • Free of charge.
  • Not available at all entry points.[110]
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[111] 14 days
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[112] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa not required[113] 120 days
 North Korea Admission refused[114]
  • Due to SARS-CoV-2, North Korea government banned all foreign tourists as a protection.
 South Korea Visa not required[115] 90 days
 Kuwait Admission refused[116]
  • Due to SARS-CoV-2, Kuwait government stops issuing the travel visas to the ordinary passport holders of Chinese citizens, including Hong Kong SAR passport holders.
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa[117]
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[119] 30 days
  • Visa on arrival is available at international airports Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane, and at 4 land borders Friendship Bridge,[Note 3] and at 13 border crossings[Note 4] as well as Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkai, Thailand.[120] Visa on arrival facility will be gradually phased out at various border crossings starting January 2020.[121]
  • eVisa may be used to enter Laos through the following entry points — Wattay International Airport and the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
  • Entry points Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou are open only to visa holders.
  • Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.
 Latvia Visa not required[122] 90 days
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[123] 1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho Visa not required[124] 90 days
 Liberia Visa required[125]
 Libya Visa required[126]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[127] 90 days
 Lithuania Visa not required[128] 90 days
 Luxembourg Visa not required[129] 90 days
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[130] 90 days
 Malawi Visa not required[131] 30 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[132] 1 month
 Maldives Visa on arrival[133] 30 days[66]
 Mali Visa required[134]
 Malta Visa not required[135] 90 days
 Marshall Islands Visa required[136]
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[137]
 Mauritius Visa not required[138] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[139] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[140] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[141] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Monaco Visa not required[142] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Mongolia Visa not required[143] 14 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[144] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[145] 30 days
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[146] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa not required[148] 30 days
 Namibia Visa not required[149] 3 months
 Nauru Visa required[150]
   Nepal Free visa on arrival[151] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa not required[152] 90 days
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[153] 3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[154]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[155] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[154]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[156] 90 days
 Niger Visa not required[157] 14 days
 Nigeria Visa required[158]
 North Macedonia Visa not required[159] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[160] 90 days
 Oman eVisa[161] 30 days
 Pakistan eVisa[162]
  • Online visa is eligible
  • Visa on arrival when travelling on business valid for 30 days. Conditions apply.[163]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[164] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[165] 30 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[166] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa required[167]
 Peru Visa not required[168] 183 days
 Philippines Admission refused[169]
  • President Rodrigo Duterte has decided to implement a temporary travel ban on all travelers coming from mainland China and its special administrative regions Hong Kong and Macau due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Poland Visa not required[170] 90 days
 Portugal Visa not required[171] 90 days
 Qatar Visa not required[172] 30 days
 Romania Visa not required[173] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Russia Visa not required[174] 14 days
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[175] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[176] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[177] 42 days
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[178] 1 month
 Samoa Free Entry Permit on arrival[179] 60 days
 San Marino Visa not required[180]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa / Visa on arrival[181] 15 days.[182][183]
  • Holders of a visa issued by the United States do not require a visa.
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[184][185] 90 days
 Senegal Visa required[186]
 Serbia Visa not required[187] 14 days
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[188] 3 months[66]
 Sierra Leone Visa required[189]
 Singapore Visa not required[190] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[191] 90 days
 Slovenia Visa not required[192] 90 days
 Solomon Islands Visa required[193]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival
 Somalia Visa on arrival[194] 30 days
 South Africa Visa not required[195] 30 days
 South Sudan Electronic Visa[196]
  • Obtainable online[197]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[198]
 Spain Visa not required[199] 90 days
 Sri Lanka Electronic Travel Authorization[200] 30 days
  • Extendable for another 150 days. Also visa available upon arrival.[201]
 Sudan Visa required[202]
 Suriname Visa not required[203] 90 days
 Sweden Visa not required[204] 90 days
  Switzerland Visa not required[205] 90 days
 Syria Visa required[206]
 Taiwan Entry permit on arrival or Online entry permit[207] 30 days Entry permit on arrival for NT$300. Free online registration prior to arrival is also available. Applicable only to those born in Hong Kong or Macau, or those who have previously entered Taiwan at least once as a permanent resident of Hong Kong. Not applicable to HKSAR passport holders with nationality or citizenship of another country except for persons with dual Chinese nationality and British National (Overseas) status.[208]

In addition, HKSAR passport holders can now apply entry permit online for free.

To avoid the spread of COVID-19, all Hong Kong residents are not allowed to visit Taiwan from 7 February 2020, applicants should apply by desk at the representative offices of Taiwan and providing entry and departure records proving without travel records to the mainland China within 14 days if having special and emergency reasons. [209]

 Tajikistan eVisa[210] 45 days
  • 45 days within any 90 days period
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[211]
 Tanzania Visa not required[212] 3 months
 Thailand Visa not required[213] 30 days
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[214] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[215]
 Togo Visa on arrival[216] 7 days
 Tonga Free visa on arrival[217] 31 days
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[218]
 Tunisia Visa not required[219] 90 days
 Turkey Visa not required[220] 3 months
 Turkmenistan Visa required[221]
 Tuvalu Free visa on arrival[222] 1 month[66]
 Uganda Visa not required[223] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa not required[224] 14 days
 United Arab Emirates Free visa on arrival[225] 30 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required[226] 6 months
 United States Visa required[227]
  • HK citizens who do receive a visa are normally issued with "10-years multiple-entry combination B1/B2 visas."
 Uruguay Visa not required[228] 3 months
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[229] 7 days
  • Must arrive by air. Otherwise an electronic visa is available.[230]
 Vanuatu Visa not required[231] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa not required[232]
 Venezuela Visa not required[233] 90 days
 Vietnam e-Visa[234] 30 days
  • Due to SARS-CoV-2, Vietnamese government was stopped issuing the travel visas to the ordinary passport holders of Chinese citizens, including Hong Kong and Macau SAR passport holders. The e-visa application has been resumed for application to Hong Kong and Macau Chinese passport holders from 8 February 2020.
 Yemen Visa not required[235] 30 days
 Zambia Visa not required[236] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa not required[237] 6 months

Territories

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognised countries and restricted zones:

Europe
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required[238]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[239][240]
Crimea Visa not required Visa issued by Russia is required, HK SAR Passport is exempted from a visa to enter Russia for 14 days.[241]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[242][243]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[244] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[245]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[246]
 Guernsey Visa not required[247]
 Isle of Man Visa not required[248]
Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[249] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[250]
 Jersey Visa not required[251]
 Kosovo Visa not required[252] 90 days
 Artsakh Visa required[253][254] Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[255]
 Russia Special authorisation required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorisation.[256]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[257][258]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[259][260]
Africa
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[261]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[262]
 Mayotte Visa not required[263] 90 days
 Réunion Visa not required[263] 90 days
 Ascension Island Admission refused[264][265] From May 2015, the Ascension Island Government does not issue entry visas including eVisas to Chinese citizens of Hong Kong.[266]
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[267]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[268]
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[269][270]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners travelling more than 25 kilometres outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[271]
Asia
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[272][273][274][275][276]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[277]
Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[278]
Malaysia:

Sabah and Sarawak

 Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[279]
Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[280]
 Palestine Visa not required[281] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[282]
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[283][284][285]
Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana'a or Aden.[286]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)f
 Anguilla Visa not required[287] 3 months
 Aruba Visa not required[288] 30 days
 Bermuda Visa not required[289] lesser than 6 months
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required[290] 30 days
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required[291] 30 days
 Cayman Islands Visa not required[292] 60 days for tourism / 10 days for business
 Curacao Visa not required[293] 30 days
French Guiana Visa not required[294] 90 days
French West Indies Visa not required French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[295]
 Greenland Visa not required[245] 90 days
 Montserrat Visa not required[296] 90 days
 Puerto Rico Visa required[297]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[263] 90 days
 Sint Maarten Visa not required[298] 3 months
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[299] 90 days
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[300]
Oceania
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Visa required[301]
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[302]
Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[303]
 Cook Islands Visa not required[304] 31 days[305]
Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[306]
 French Polynesia Visa not required[307] 90 days
 Guam Visa required[308]
 New Caledonia Visa not required[263] 90 days
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required[309] Visa free for holders of both Hong Kong Permanent Identity Cards and HKSAR Passport for a stay of less than 45 days. Visa required if without Hong Kong Permanent Identity Cards.
 Niue Visa on arrival[310] 30 days[311]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[312][313][314]
United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[315][316][317][318][319][320][321]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[263] 90 days
South America
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[322]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Falkland Islands Visa not required[323] 4 months
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[324][325]
Antarctica Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[326][327][328][329][330][331][332][333][334][335][336][337]

APEC Business Travel Card
  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[338]

1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days

Permanent residents with Chinese nationality ( holders of HKSAR passport/ BN(O) passport) are required to apply for a Mainland Travel Permit to enter Mainland China, to the exclusion of all other documents.

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[339]

  • no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States)
  • undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
  • expedited scheduling of visa interview (United States)

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[340] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination
An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever
Main article: International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[341]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[342]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[343] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[344] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[345]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[346] and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[347][348] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[349]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[350] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[351]

Israeli stamps
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[352] Lebanon,[353] Libya,[354] Sudan,[355] Syria,[356] and Yemen[357] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[358]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity
Main article: Armenia–Azerbaijan relations
Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[359][360]

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[361] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[362] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[363] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.

Biometrics
See also: Countries applying biometrics
A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[364]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[365][366] Argentina,[367] Brunei, Cambodia,[368] China,[369] Ethiopia,[370] Ghana, Guinea,[371] India, Japan,[372][373] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[374] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[375] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[376] Singapore, South Korea,[377] Taiwan, Thailand,[378] Uganda[379] and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[380] [381] [382] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[383]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[384] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[385][386]

See also

Notes
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammuan
    • Bokeo
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)

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  381. Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  382. LIPTON, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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