Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
Visa requirements for Chinese citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of China by the authorities of other states.
As of December 2020, Chinese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Chinese passport 67th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]
Historical perspective
Before February 2014, Chinese immigration authorities did not generally allow mainland Chinese citizens to board outbound flights without having a valid visa for the destination country, even if the destination country granted a visa on arrival to Chinese passport holders, unless the exit was approved by the Ministry of Public Security. Exceptions were possible if the traveller had a third country's visa and a connecting flight from the initial destination country to the third country. As of 10 June 2017, if the destination is a visa-on-arrival or e-visa issuing country this approval is no longer needed.
Visa requirements for Chinese citizens were lifted by Micronesia on 18 December 1980,[2] the Bahamas on 12 February 2014, Indonesia in 2015, Grenada on 10 June 2015, Ecuador on 1 March 2016, Morocco on 1 June 2016, Tonga on 19 August 2016, Saint Kitts and Nevis on 1 January 2017, Serbia on 15 January 2017, Tunisia on 15 February 2017, Barbados on 1 June 2017, United Arab Emirates on 16 January 2018, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 29 May 2018, British Virgin Islands on 5 July 2018,[3] St Lucia on 18 July 2018,[4] Belarus on 10 August 2018, Qatar on 21 December 2018, Iran on 21 July 2019, Albania on 23 December 2019, Uzbekistan on 1 January 2020 and Armenia on 19 January 2020.
Visas on arrival were introduced by Azerbaijan on 1 February 2016,[5] Brunei on 23 May 2016, Ukraine on 1 October 2016, Armenia on 10 November 2016, São Tomé and Príncipe on 5 April 2017, Qatar on 22 June 2017, Gabon on 12 October 2017, Rwanda on 1 January 2018, Benin on 15 March 2018, Zimbabwe on 1 July 2018, Myanmar on 1 October 2018, Sierra Leone on 5 July 2019 and Saudi Arabia on 28 September 2019.
Chinese citizens were made eligible for eVisas by India on 30 July 2015, Lesotho on 1 May 2017, Djibouti on 18 February 2018, Oman on 7 May 2018, Uzbekistan on 15 July 2018, Pakistan on 14 March 2019 and Saudi Arabia on 28 September 2019.[6]
The country's passport index has constantly improved in the 00's decade from 42 in 2010 to 71 countries/territories by 22 January 2020, almost doubling its mobility access in 10 years. As shown before, more and more countries are lifting visa restrictions on Mainland China passport holders in recent years and there is a tendency for more countries to keep lifting restrictions as a way to pull the massive tourist market that Mainland Chinese tourists represent.
Visa requirements map
COVID-19 pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries/regions have imposed temporary travel restrictions on Chinese citizens or persons arriving from China. These restrictions may include:
- Entry bans on Chinese citizens or recent visitors to China
- Halted issuing of visas to Chinese citizens or reimposed visa requirements on Chinese citizens
- Border closures with China
- Compulsory quarantine of Chinese citizens or recent visitors to China
Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan
Regions | Travel with permits from Mainland China | Travel with Chinese passport from Mainland China or overseas |
---|---|---|
Hong Kong | Two-way Permit and exit endorsement required[7] | Two-way Permit is required for those in transit to a third country. For PRC citizens residing overseas and not in transit, an entry permit and Two-way permit are required. Due to COVID-19, passengers who reside or have been in Mainland China and overseas passengers in the past 14 days are not allowed to enter or transit Hong Kong |
Macau | Two-way Permit required[7] | Two-way Permit not required for those in transit to a third country within 30 days. |
Taiwan | Exit and Entry Permit issued by Taiwan and Mainland Residents Travel Permit to Taiwan with exit endorsement required.Permit on arrival in Kinmen,Matsu and Penghu for 400 NTD.[8] | Exit & Entry Permit issued by Taiwan required (not required when transiting through sterile area of a Taiwanese airport to the third place on the same calendar day), Mainland Residents Travel Permit to Taiwan with exit endorsement required when departing from Mainland China (not required when transiting through sterile area of a Taiwanese airport to the third place on the same calendar day if departing from Chongqing, Kunming or Nanchang). |
Visa requirements
Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) | Reciprocity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Visa required[9] |
|
√ | |
Albania | Visa not required[11][12] | 90 days | X | |
Algeria | Visa required[13] | √ | ||
Andorra | Visa required[14] |
|
√ | |
Angola | eVisa[15][16] | 30 days |
|
X |
Antigua and Barbuda | Visa not required[19] | 30 days | X | |
Argentina | Visa required[20] | √ | ||
Armenia | Visa not required[23][24] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Australia | Visa required[26] | √ | ||
Austria | Visa required[29] | √ | ||
Azerbaijan | eVisa / Visa on arrival[30] | 30 days | X | |
Bahamas | Visa not required[33] | 3 months[34] | √ | |
Bahrain | eVisa / Visa on arrival[35] | 14 days |
|
X |
Bangladesh | Visa on arrival[36] | 30 days. |
|
X |
Barbados | Visa not required[37] | 30 days | √ | |
Belarus | Visa not required[38] | 30 days | √ | |
Belgium | Visa required[42] | √ | ||
Belize | Visa required[43] | √ | ||
Benin | eVisa / Visa on arrival[46][47] | 30 days / 8 days |
|
X |
Bhutan | Visa required[48] | √ | ||
Bolivia | Visa on arrival[49] |
|
X | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa not required[52] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Botswana | Visa required[54] |
|
√ | |
Brazil | Visa required[55] | √ | ||
Brunei | Visa on arrival[58] | 14 days[59] | X | |
Bulgaria | Visa required[60] |
|
√ | |
Burkina Faso | Visa required[61] |
|
√ | |
Burundi | Visa required[62] |
|
√ | |
Cambodia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[63] |
|
X | |
Cameroon | Visa required[65] | √ | ||
Canada | Visa required[66] |
|
√ | |
Cape Verde | Visa on arrival[68] | 30 days | X | |
Central African Republic | Visa required[69] | √ | ||
Chad | Visa required[70] | √ | ||
Chile | Visa required[71] |
|
√ | |
Colombia | Visa required[72] |
|
√ | |
Comoros | Visa on arrival[74] | 45 days |
|
X |
Republic of the Congo | Visa required[75] |
|
√ | |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Visa required[76] | √ | ||
Costa Rica | Visa required[77] |
|
√ | |
Côte d'Ivoire | eVisa[78] | 3 months |
|
X |
Croatia | Visa required[79] |
|
√ | |
Cuba | Tourist Card Required[80] |
|
X | |
Cyprus | Visa required[81] |
|
√ | |
Czech Republic | Visa required[83] | √ | ||
Denmark | Visa required[84] | √ | ||
Djibouti | eVisa[85] | 31 days |
|
X |
Dominica | Visa not required[86] | 21 days | X | |
Dominican Republic | Visa required[87] |
|
√ | |
Ecuador | Visa not required[88] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Egypt | Visa on arrival[89] |
|
X | |
El Salvador | Visa required[93] |
|
√ | |
Equatorial Guinea | Admission refused[95] |
|
X | |
Eritrea | Visa required[96] |
|
√ | |
Estonia | Visa required[97] | √ | ||
Eswatini | Visa required[98] | √ | ||
Ethiopia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[99] | up to 90 days |
|
X |
Fiji | Visa not required[102] | 4 months | √ | |
Finland | Visa required[103] | √ | ||
France | Visa required[104] | √ | ||
Gabon | eVisa / Visa on arrival[105] | X | ||
Gambia | Visa required[108] |
|
√ | |
Georgia | eVisa[109] | 30 days |
|
X |
Germany | Visa required[110] | √ | ||
Ghana | Visa required[111] | √ | ||
Greece | Visa required[112] | √ | ||
Grenada | Visa not required[113] | 30 days[114] |
|
√ |
Guatemala | Visa required[116] | √ | ||
Guinea | eVisa[117] | 90 days |
|
X |
Guinea-Bissau | eVisa / Visa on arrival[118] | 90 days | X | |
Guyana | Visa required[119] |
|
√ | |
Haiti | Visa not required[120] | 3 months | X | |
Honduras | Visa required[121] |
|
√ | |
Hungary | Visa required[122] | √ | ||
Iceland | Visa required[123] | √ | ||
India | eVisa[124] | 60 days |
|
X |
Indonesia | Visa not required[127] | 30 days | X | |
Iran | Visa not required[128][129] | 21 days[130] | X | |
Iraq | Visa required[131] | √ | ||
Ireland | Visa required[132] |
|
√ | |
Israel | Visa required[135] |
|
√ | |
Italy | Visa required[137] | √ | ||
Jamaica | Visa not required[138] | 30 days | X | |
Japan | Visa required[139] | X | ||
Jordan | Visa on arrival[143] | 30 days | X | |
Kazakhstan | Visa required[144] |
|
√ | |
Kenya | eVisa / Visa on arrival[146] | 3 months | X | |
Kiribati | Visa required[147] | √ | ||
North Korea | Admission refused[148] |
|
√ | |
South Korea | Visa required[150] |
|
√ | |
Kuwait | Admission refused[151] |
|
√ | |
Kyrgyzstan | eVisa[152] |
|
X | |
Laos | eVisa / Visa on arrival[154][155] | 30 days |
|
X |
Latvia | Visa required[158] | √ | ||
Lebanon | Visa on arrival[159] | 1 month |
|
X |
Lesotho | eVisa[160][161] | X | ||
Liberia | Visa required[162] | √ | ||
Libya | Visa required[163] | √ | ||
Liechtenstein | Visa required[164] | √ | ||
Lithuania | Visa required[165] | √ | ||
Luxembourg | Visa required[166] | √ | ||
Madagascar | eVisa / Visa on arrival[167] | 90 days | X | |
Malawi | eVisa / Visa on arrival[168][169] | 90 days | X | |
Malaysia | eVisa[170] |
|
X | |
Maldives | Free visa on arrival[171] | 30 days | X | |
Mali | Visa required[172] |
|
√ | |
Malta | Visa required[173] | √ | ||
Marshall Islands | Visa required[174] | √ | ||
Mauritania | Visa on arrival[175] |
|
X | |
Mauritius | Visa not required[176] | 90 days | √ | |
Mexico | Visa required[177] |
|
√ | |
Micronesia | Visa not required[179] | 30 days | X | |
Moldova | eVisa[180] | X | ||
Monaco | Visa required[182] | √ | ||
Mongolia | Visa required[183] |
|
√ | |
Montenegro | Visa required[184] |
|
√ | |
Morocco | Visa not required[186] | 90 days | X | |
Mozambique | Visa on arrival[187] | 30 days[188] | X | |
Myanmar | eVisa / Visa on arrival[189][190] | 28/30 days |
|
X |
Namibia | Visa required[192] | √ | ||
Nauru | Visa required[193] | √ | ||
Nepal | Visa on arrival[194] |
|
X | |
Netherlands | Visa required[196] | √ | ||
New Zealand | Visa required[197] |
|
√ | |
Nicaragua | Visa required[200] | √ | ||
Niger | Visa required[201] |
|
√ | |
Nigeria | Visa required[202] |
|
√ | |
North Macedonia | Visa required[203] |
|
√ | |
Norway | Visa required[204] | √ | ||
Oman | eVisa[205][206] | 30 days | X | |
Pakistan | eVisa[207] | X | ||
Palau | Free visa on arrival[210] | 30 days | The Chinese government declared Palau as an illegal destination in August 2018[211] | X |
Panama | Visa required[212] |
|
√ | |
Papua New Guinea | eVisa[213] | 30 days |
|
X |
Paraguay | Visa required[214] | √ | ||
Peru | Visa required[215] |
|
√ | |
Philippines | Visa required[216] | √ | ||
Poland | Visa required[217] | √ | ||
Portugal | Visa required[218] | √ | ||
Qatar | Visa not required[219] | 30 days | √ | |
Romania | Visa required[220] |
|
√ | |
Russia | eVisa[221] | 16 days |
|
X |
Rwanda | eVisa / Visa on arrival[223] | X | ||
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Visa not required[224] | 3 months | X | |
Saint Lucia | Visa not required[225][226] | 6 weeks | X | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa required[227] | √ | ||
Samoa | Visa not required[202] | 60 days | X | |
San Marino | Visa not required[228][229] | 90 days.[230] |
|
√ |
São Tomé and Príncipe | eVisa / Visa on arrival[231] | 15 days.[232][233] |
|
X |
Saudi Arabia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[234][235] | 90 days | X | |
Senegal | Visa on arrival[236] | 30 days |
|
X |
Serbia | Visa not required[237] | 30 days[238] |
|
√ |
Seychelles | Visa not required[239] | 3 months[240] | √ | |
Sierra Leone | Visa on arrival[241] |
|
X | |
Singapore | eVisa[242] |
|
X | |
Slovakia | Visa required[244] | √ | ||
Slovenia | Visa required[245] | √ | ||
Solomon Islands | Visa required[246] |
|
√ | |
Somalia | Visa on arrival[247] | 30 days |
|
X |
South Africa | Admission refused[248] |
|
√ | |
South Sudan | eVisa[250] | X | ||
Spain | Visa required[253] | √ | ||
Sri Lanka | Visa required[254] |
|
X | |
Sudan | Visa required[255] | √ | ||
Suriname | eVisa / Tourist card on arrival[256] | 90 days | X | |
Sweden | Visa required[259] | √ | ||
Switzerland | Visa required[260] | √ | ||
Syria | Visa required[261] | √ | ||
Tajikistan | eVisa[262] | 45 days.[263] |
|
X |
Tanzania | eVisa / Visa on arrival[264][265] | 3 months | X | |
Thailand | eVisa / Visa on arrival[266] | 15 days |
|
X |
Timor-Leste | Visa on arrival[267] | 30 days |
|
X |
Togo | Visa on arrival[268] | 7 days |
|
X |
Tonga | Visa not required[269] | 30 days[270] | √ | |
Trinidad and Tobago | Visa required[271] | √ | ||
Tunisia | Visa not required[272] | 90 days[273] | X | |
Turkey | eVisa[274] | 30 days.[275] |
|
X |
Turkmenistan | Visa required[276] |
|
√ | |
Tuvalu | Visa on arrival[277] | 1 month | X | |
Uganda | eVisa / Visa on arrival[278] |
|
X | |
Ukraine | Visa not required[280] | 30 days |
|
X |
United Arab Emirates | Visa not required[281] | 30 days | √ | |
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies | Visa required[282] |
|
√ | |
United States | Visa required[284] |
|
√ | |
Uruguay | Visa required[287] | √ | ||
Uzbekistan | Visa not required[290] | 7 days |
|
X |
Vanuatu | Visa not required[292] | 30 days |
|
X |
Vatican City | Visa required[293] | √ | ||
Venezuela | Visa required[294] |
|
√ | |
Vietnam | Admission refused[295] |
|
√ | |
Yemen | Visa required[296] | √ | ||
Zambia | eVisa[297] | X | ||
Zimbabwe | eVisa / Visa on arrival[298] | 3 months | X |
Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories
- Unrecognized or partially recognized countries
Territory | Conditions of access | Notes |
---|---|---|
Abkhazia | Visa required[299] | |
Artsakh | Visa not required[300] | Travelers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[301] |
Kosovo | Visa required[302] | Visa is not required for holders of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay) [303]
|
Northern Cyprus | Visa not required[305] | |
Palestine | Visa not required[306] | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[307] |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory. | |
Somaliland | Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[308][309] |
South Ossetia | Visa not required[310][311] | Internal passport valid. |
Transnistria | Visa not required[312] | Registration required after 24h.[313][314] |
- Dependent and autonomous territories
Territory | Conditions of access | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
Denmark | |||
Faroe Islands | Visa required[315] | ||
Greenland | Visa required[315] | ||
France | |||
Clipperton Island | Special permit required[316] | ||
French Guiana | Visa required[317] | ||
French Polynesia | Conditional visa waiver[318] | 15 days, need to travel with specific agencies | |
French West Indies | |||
Guadeloupe | Visa required[319] | ||
Martinique | |||
Saint Barthélemy | |||
Saint Martin | |||
Mayotte | Visa required[320][319] | ||
New Caledonia | Conditional visa waiver[321][322] | 15 days, need to travel with specific agencies | |
Réunion | Conditional visa waiver[323][324] | 15 days, need to travel with specific agencies | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Visa required[325][319] | ||
Wallis and Futuna | Visa required[326] | ||
Netherlands | |||
Aruba | Visa required[327] | Holders of a valid visa issued by a Canada, US or Schengen Member State (‘C’ or ‘D’ visa) do not require a visa for 90 days for each territory. | |
Caribbean Netherlands | |||
Bonaire | Visa required[328] | ||
Sint Eustatius | |||
Saba | |||
Curaçao | Visa required[329] | ||
Sint Maarten | Visa required[330] | ||
New Zealand | |||
Cook Islands | Visa not required[331] | 31 days | |
Niue | Visa not required[332] | 30 days | |
Tokelau | Permit required[333] | ||
Norway | |||
Jan Mayen | Permit required | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[334] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[335] | |
Svalbard | Visa not required | Unlimited period under Svalbard Treaty.[336] | |
United Kingdom | |||
Akrotiri and Dhekelia | Visa required[337] | ||
Anguilla | Visa required[338][339] | Visa not required with a valid visa or residence permit from the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom. | |
Bermuda | Visa required[340] | Holders of a multiple-entry visa issued by Canada, US or the UK is valid for at least 45 days beyond the period of intended stay in Bermuda do not require a visa for three months. Visa free for a maximum stay of three months if transiting through the United Kingdom. | |
British Indian Ocean Territory | Special permit required[341] | ||
British Virgin Islands | Visa not required[342] | 6 months for business and tourism purposes[343][344] | |
Cayman Islands | Visa required[345] | Visa free for cruise ship passengers leaving on the day of arrival.[346] Visa not required for 30 days for holders of a valid multiple-entry visa for the US, UK and/or Canada.[347] | |
Falkland Islands | Visa required[348] | ||
Gibraltar | Visa required[349] | Holders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa. Visa not required if holding a Schengen multiple entry visa with a minimum remaining validity of 7 days or visiting on a day trip as part of an organised tour arranged through a Gibraltar-based tour operator. | |
Montserrat | eVisa[350] | ||
Pitcairn Islands | Visa not required | 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[351][352][353] | |
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | |||
Saint Helena | eVisa[354][355] | ||
Ascension Island | Admission refused[356][357] | From May 2015 Ascension Island Government does not issue entry visas including eVisas to nationals of China.[358] | |
Tristan da Cunha | Permission required | Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[359] | |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[360][361] | |
Turks and Caicos Islands | Visa not required[362] | 90 days[363] | |
United States | |||
American Samoa | Entry permit required[364] | ||
Guam | Visa required[365] | ||
Northern Mariana Islands | Visa not required[366] | 14 days | |
Puerto Rico | Visa required[367] | ||
U.S. Virgin Islands | Visa required[368] | ||
Antarctica and adjacent islands | |||
Special permits required for Bouvet Island, British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[369][370][371][372][373][374][375][376][377][378][379][380] |
- Other Territories
- Australia. Ashmore and Cartier Islands - Special authorisation required.[381]
- Colombia. San Andrés and Leticia - Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.
- Crimea - Visa issued by Russia is required.[382]
- Ecuador. Galápagos - Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[383]
- Eritrea outside Asmara - To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[384]
- Fiji. Lau Province - Special permission required.[385]
- Greece Mount Athos - Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[386][387]
- India. Prior approval from the MHA required for whole of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Sikkim and parts of states Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[388][389][390][391]
- Iran. Kish Island - Visa not required.[392]
- Kazakhstan. Closed cities - Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[393]
- Malaysia. Sabah and Sarawak - Malaysian Visa/eNTRI required. These states have their own immigration authorities but same visa policies applies as West Malaysia. However a single entry Visa/eNTRI is valid for multiple entry/exit between the territories inside Malaysia.[394]
- Maldives outside Malé - Permission required. Tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[395]
- North Korea outside Pyongyang - Special permit required. People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving).
- Russia - Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[396]
- Saudi Arabia Mecca and Medina - Special access required. Non-Muslims and those following the Ahmadiyya religious movement are strictly prohibited from entry.
- Sudan. Darfur - Separate travel permit is required.[397]
- Sudan outside Khartoum - All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
- Tajikistan. Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province - OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[398][399]
- Turkmenistan. Closed cities - A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[400]
- United States. Closed city of Mercury, Nevada, United States - Special authorization is required for entry into Mercury.
- United States. United States Minor Outlying Islands - Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[401][402][403][404][405][406][407]
- Venezuela. Margarita Island - Visa not required. All visitors are fingerprinted.[408]
- Vietnam. Phú Quốc - Visa not required for 30 days.[409]
- Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden - Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[410]
- UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus - Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.[411]
- Korean Demilitarized Zone - Restricted area.
- UNDOF Zone and Ghajar - Restricted area.
Non-ordinary passports
Holders of Chinese diplomatic or service passports have visa-free access to additional countries.
Type of passport | Visa-free access |
---|---|
Diplomatic passports only | Côte d'Ivoire, Iraq, Ireland, Schengen Area (unless mentioned separately below), Uruguay, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan |
Diplomatic and service passports | Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Ecuador, Eritrea, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Mali, Mexico, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, North Macedonia, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
APEC Business Travel Card
Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[412]
1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days
The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[413]
- no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
- undertake legitimate business in participating economies
- expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
- expedited scheduling of visa interview (US)
- The rule is not available among the CHN, HKG, TWN travellers on business.
Non-visa restrictions
Blank passport pages
Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[414] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.
Vaccination
Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[415]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[416]
Passport validity length
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[417] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[418] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[419]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[420] and South Africa.
Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[421][422] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[423]
Criminal record
Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[424] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.
Persona non grata
The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[425]
Israeli stamps
Kuwait,[426] Lebanon,[427] Libya,[428] Sudan,[429] Syria,[430] and Yemen[431] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.
The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[432]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Armenian ethnicity
Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[433][434]
Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[435] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[436] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[437] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.
Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.
Biometrics
Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[438]
Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[439][440] Argentina,[441] Brunei, Cambodia,[442] China,[443] Ethiopia,[444] Ghana, Guinea,[445] India, Japan,[446][447] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[448] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[449] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[450] Singapore, South Korea,[451] Taiwan, Thailand,[452] Uganda[453] and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[454] [455] [456] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[457]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[458] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[459][460] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[461] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[462][463]
Foreign travel statistics
These are the numbers of Chinese visitors to various countries or territories:
- Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
- Data for arrivals by air only.
- Including Hong Kong.
- Tourists only.
- Including Hong Kong and Macau.
- Data for arrivals by air only.
- Total number includes tourists, business people, students, exchange visitors, temporary workers and families, diplomats and other representatives and all other classes of non-immigrant admissions (I-94).
See also
References and Notes
- "The Henley Passport Index" (PDF). Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
This graph shows the full Global Ranking of the 2020 Henley Passport Index. As the index uses dense ranking, in certain cases, a rank is shared by multiple countries because these countries all have the same level of visa-free or visa-on-arrival access.
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Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently “strict requirements for travellers” in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC’s 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the “what if” stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
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The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
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Unlike with documents, it’s very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That’s why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else’s passport.
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Singapore has started scanning travellers’ eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
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Notes
-
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Khammuan
- Bokeo
-
- Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
- Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
- Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
- Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
- Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
- Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
- Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
- Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
- Boten - Bo han (China)
- Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
- Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
- Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
- Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)