Visa requirements for Venezuelan citizens

Visa requirements for Venezuelan citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Venezuela. As of 7 July 2020, Venezuelan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 129 countries and territories, ranking the Venezuelan passport 44th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Nicaragua and Ukraine) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

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Venezuelans do not need to use a passport when traveling to Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, as they may use their ID card. Moreover, Venezuelans may also travel to the United States,[2] Canada,[3] Spain[4] and several Latin American countries using expired passports.[5][6]

Since 2017, 10 countries in Latin America and Caribbean (Panama, Honduras, Guatemala, Saint Lucia, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Chile, Ecuador, Dominican Republic and Caribbean Netherlands) have stopped providing visa-free access to Venezuelans following the ongoing refugee crisis and reinstated visa requirements for those seeking to enter these countries. Some countries will still allow Venezuelans to enter visa-free if holding a valid visa/residence permit from a particular third country, such as Canada or the United States.

Visa requirements map
Visa requirements for Venezuelan citizens
  Venezuela
  ID card
  Visa-free access
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

Visa requirements for holders of normal passports traveling for tourist purposes:

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees) Reciprocity
 Afghanistan Visa required[7] √
 Albania Visa not required[8] 90 days X
 Algeria Visa required[9] √
 Andorra Visa not required[10] √
 Angola eVisa[11][12] 30 days
  • Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested such pre-visa from the consulates of Angola abroad, are then issued with a visa on arrival at the country's border check points.
  • For a maximum total stay of 90 days within a one year period.[13]
  • Besides having printed confirmation that a visa will be issued upon arrival, passengers must: have a return/onward ticket, and have a hotel reservation confirmation.[14]
 X
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[15] 180 days √
 Argentina Visa not required[16] 90 days √
 Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[17] 120 days X
 Australia and territories Visa required[18]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[19]
 X
 Austria Visa not required[20] 90 days √
 Azerbaijan Visa required[21]
  • Visa not required for a max. stay of 30 days for holders of a valid residence permit issued by a GCC Member State.
 √
 Bahamas Visa not required[22] 3 months X
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[23] 14 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[24]
 X
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[25] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[26]
 X
 Barbados Visa not required[27] 28 days √
 Belarus Visa not required[28] 90 days √
 Belgium Visa not required[29] 90 days √
 Belize Visa not required[30] 30 days √
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[31][32] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 X
 Bhutan Visa required[33] √
 Bolivia Visa not required[34] 90 days √
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[35] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
 X
 Botswana Visa not required[36] 90 days
  • 90 days within any year period
 X
 Brazil Visa not required[37] 60 days √
 Brunei Visa required[38] √
 Bulgaria Visa not required[39] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 √
 Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[40] 1 month X
 Burundi Visa required[41] √
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[42] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[43]
 X
 Cameroon Visa required[44] √
 Canada Visa required[45]
  • eTA required if arriving by air from 10 November 2016 for US permanent resident card holders.[46]
 √
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[47]
  • Not available at all entry points.[48]
 X
 Central African Republic Visa required[49] √
 Chad Visa required[50] √
 Chile Visa required[51]
  • Visa requirement effective on 22 June 2019.
 √
 China Visa required[52] √
 Colombia Visa not required[53] 180 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period
 √
 Comoros Visa on arrival[54] 45 days X
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[55] √
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[56] √
 Costa Rica Visa not required[57] 90 days √
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[58] 3 months
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
 X
 Croatia Visa not required[59] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 √
 Cuba Tourist Card required[60] 30 days
  • Can be extended up to 60 days with a fee
 √
 Cyprus Visa not required[61] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 √
 Czech Republic Visa not required[62] 90 days √
 Denmark Visa not required[63] 90 days √
 Djibouti eVisa[64] 31 days X
 Dominica Visa not required[65] 6 months √
 Dominican Republic Visa required[66][67]
  • Visa requirement effective on 16 December 2019.
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, USA or a Schengen Member State.
 √
 Ecuador Visa required[68]
  • Visa requirement effective on 25 August 2019.
 X
 Egypt Visa on arrival[69] 30 days X
 El Salvador Visa required[70]
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, USA or a Schengen Member State
 √
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[71] √
 Eritrea Visa required[72] √
 Estonia Visa not required[73] 90 days √
 Eswatini Visa required[74] √
 Ethiopia eVisa[75] up to 90 days X
 Fiji Visa not required[76] 4 months X
 Finland Visa not required[77] 90 days √
 France Visa not required[78] 90 days √
 Gabon eVisa[79]
  • Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
 X
 Gambia Visa not required[80] 90 days X
 Georgia Visa required[81]
  • Visa not required for up to 90 days if traveler holds a valid Canada, Schengen, UK or US visa or a Canada, Schengen, EU or US residence permit.[82]
 √
 Germany Visa not required[83] 90 days √
 Ghana Visa required[84] √
 Greece Visa not required[85] 90 days √
 Grenada Visa not required[86] 90 days
  • Extensions possible.
  • Beginning on December 1, 2020, all travellers to Grenada will be required to complete an online application in order to receive a Pure Safe Travel Authorization Certificate to enter Grenada.[87]
 √
 Guatemala Visa required[88]
  • Visa requirement effective on 19 March 2018.
 √
 Guinea eVisa[89] 90 days X
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[90] 90 days X
 Guyana Visa required[91] 30 days
  • Tourists can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days[92]
 √
 Haiti Visa not required[93] 3 months X
 Honduras Visa required[94][95]
  • Visa requirement effective on 20 November 2017.
 √
 Hungary Visa not required[96] 90 days √
 Iceland Visa not required[97] 90 days √
 India e-Visa[98] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][99]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
 X
 Indonesia Visa not required[100] 30 days
  • Select ports of entry.
 X
 Iran Visa not required[101] 30 days √
 Iraq Visa required[102] √
 Ireland Visa required[103]
  • May transit without a visa.[104]
 √
 Israel Visa required[105] √
 Italy Visa not required[106] 90 days √
 Jamaica Visa not required[107] 30 days √
 Japan Visa required[108] X
 Jordan Visa on arrival[109] 1 month X
 Kazakhstan Visa required[112] √
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[113] 3 months X
 Kiribati Visa required[114] √
 North Korea Visa required[115] √
 South Korea Visa not required[116] 90 days √
 Kuwait Visa required[117] √
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa / Visa on arrival[118] 1 month X
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[120] 30 days
  • Visa on arrival is available at international airports Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane, and at 4 land borders Friendship Bridge,[Note 3] and at 13 border crossings[Note 4] as well as Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkai, Thailand.[121] Visa on arrival facility will be gradually phased out at various border crossings starting January 2020.[122]
  • eVisa may be used to enter Laos through the following entry points — Wattay International Airport and the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
  • Entry points Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou are open only to visa holders.
  • Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.
 X
 Latvia Visa not required[123] 90 days √
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[124] 1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 X
 Lesotho eVisa[125][126] X
 Liberia Visa required[127] √
 Libya Visa required[128] √
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[129] 90 days √
 Lithuania Visa not required[130] 90 days √
 Luxembourg Visa not required[131] 90 days √
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[132] 90 days X
 Malawi Visa on arrival[133] X
 Malaysia Visa not required[134] 30 days √
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[135] 30 days[136] X
 Mali Visa required[137] √
 Malta Visa not required[138] 90 days √
 Marshall Islands Visa required[139] √
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[140] X
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[141] 60 days X
 Mexico Visa not required[142] 180 days √
 Micronesia Visa not required[143] 30 days X
 Moldova Visa not required[144] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 X
 Monaco Visa not required[145] √
 Mongolia Visa required[146] X
 Montenegro Visa not required[147] 90 days X
 Morocco Visa required[148][149][150][151] X
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[152] 30 days X
 Myanmar eVisa[154] 28 days X
 Namibia Visa on arrival[155][156] 3 months X
 Nauru Visa required[157] √
   Nepal Visa on arrival[158] 90 days X
 Netherlands Visa not required[159] 90 days √
 New Zealand Visa required[160] X
 Nicaragua Visa not required[163][164] 90 days
  • Extendable to 180 days
 X
 Niger Visa required[165] √
 Nigeria Visa required[166] √
 North Macedonia Visa not required[167] 90 days X
 Norway Visa not required[168] 90 days √
 Oman eVisa[169] 30 days X
 Pakistan Online Visa[170] X
 Palau Free visa on arrival[171] 30 days X
 Panama Visa required[172][173]
  • Visa requirement effective on 1 October 2017.
  • No Visa Required if Exception applies as follows:

Holding a Visa or Permanent Resident Permit duly issued by the United States of America, Commonwealth of Australia, Canada, Republic of Korea (South Korea), State of Japan, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Republic of Singapore, or a Schengen Visa from any member state of the European Union, (i) granted for multiple entries and exits; (ii) that has been used at least once to enter the territory of the granting State; and (iii) with a validity of at least one (1) year, may enter the national territory without the requirement of a Stamped Visa (Executive Decree No. 521 6 August 2018, replacing Executive Decree No. 591 28 December 2016 and Executive Decree No. 114 4 April 2018).[174] Transit visa is not required if connection time is under 12 hours.

 √
 Papua New Guinea Visa required[175] √
 Paraguay Visa not required[176] 90 days √
 Peru Visa required[177]
  • Visa requirement effective on 15 June 2019.
 √
 Philippines Visa not required[178] 30 days X
 Poland Visa not required[179] 90 days √
 Portugal Visa not required[180] 90 days √
 Qatar Visa not required[181] 30 days X
 Romania Visa not required[182] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 √
 Russia Visa not required[183] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 √
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[184] 30 days X
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[185] 3 months √
 Saint Lucia Visa required[186][187]
  • Visa requirement effective on 19 July 2018.
 X
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[188] 1 month √
 Samoa Visa not required[189] 60 days X
 San Marino Visa not required[190] √
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[191] X
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[192] √
 Senegal Visa on arrival[193] X
 Serbia Visa required[194]
  • May enter with a valid Schengen, UK or US visa or with a Schengen, EU or US residence permit for up to 90 days.[195]
 √
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[196] 3 months[136] X
 Sierra Leone Visa required[197] √
 Singapore Visa not required[198] 30 days X
 Slovakia Visa not required[199] 90 days √
 Slovenia Visa not required[200] 90 days √
 Solomon Islands Visa required[201]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival
 √
 Somalia Visa on arrival[202] 30 days √
 South Africa Visa not required[203] 90 days √
 South Sudan Electronic Visa[204]
  • Obtainable online[205]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[205]
 X
 Spain Visa not required[206] 90 days √
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[207] 30 days X
 Sudan Visa required[208] √
 Suriname E-tourist card[209] 90 days
  • Multiple entry eVisa is also available.[210]
 X
 Sweden Visa not required[211] 90 days √
  Switzerland Visa not required[212] 90 days √
 Syria Visa required[213] √
 Tajikistan eVisa[214] 45 days [215] X
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[216][217] X
 Thailand Visa required[218] √
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[219] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[220]
 X
 Togo Visa on arrival[221] 7 days X
 Tonga Visa required[222] √
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[172][223]
  • Visa requirement effective on 17 June 2019.
 X
 Tunisia Visa required[224] √
 Turkey Visa not required[225] 3 months √
 Turkmenistan Visa required[226] √
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[227] 1 month[136] X
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[228]
  • Determined at the port of entry. May apply online.[229]
 X
 Ukraine Visa required[230] √
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[231]
  • A 96-hour transit visa can be obtained on arrival at Dubai (DXB), provided transit time is at least 8 hours; and holding onward ticket to a third country; and holding a passport valid for at least 6 months from date of arrival. Visa fee of 170 AED. Visas are only issued as a part of a transit package together with hotel accommodation and airport transfer
 √
 United Kingdom Visa required[232] X
 United States Visa required[233]
  • As of September 2017, entry is suspended for officials of government agencies of Venezuela involved in screening and vetting procedures as nonimmigrants on B1, B2 and B-1/B-2 visas.[234]
 √
 Uruguay Visa not required[235] 3 months √
 Uzbekistan eVisa[236] 30 days
  • 5-day visa-free transit when in transit at the international airports on condition of holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[237]
 X
 Vanuatu Visa required[238] √
  Vatican City Visa not required[239] √
 Vietnam eVisa[240] 30 days[241] X
 Yemen Visa required[242] √
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[243] 90 days X
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[244] X

Dependent, Disputed, or Restricted territories

Visa requirements for Venezuelan citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries not mentioned in the list above, and restricted zones:

Territory Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa not required[245] 90 days
 American Samoa Visa required[246]
 Anguilla Visa required[247]
 Aruba Visa not required[248] 90 days
 Bermuda Visa required[249] Visa not required for holders of Canadian, US or UK multiple-entry visa valid for at least 45 days beyond the period of intended stay in Bermuda for a maximum stay of 3 months
 British Indian Ocean Territory Permission required
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required[250] 30 days
 Caribbean Netherlands Visa not required 90 days
 Cayman Islands Visa not required[251] 60 days
 Cook Islands Visa not required[252] 31 days
 Crimea Visa not required[183] 90 days
 Curacao Visa not required[253] 90 days
 Falkland Islands Visa required[254]
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[255] 90 days
 French Guiana Visa not required[256] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 French Polynesia Visa not required[256] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Gibraltar Visa required[257]
 Greenland Visa not required[258] 90 days
 Guadeloupe Visa not required[256] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Guam Visa required[259]
 Guernsey Visa required[260]
Hainan Visa required
 Hong Kong Visa not required[261] 3 months
 Iraqi Kurdistan Visa required
 Isle of Man Visa required[262]
 Jersey Visa required[263]
 Kosovo Visa not required[264] 90 days
 Macau Visa on arrival[265] 30 days
 Martinique Visa not required[266] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Mayotte Visa not required[256] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Montserrat eVisa[267] e-Visa can be obtained online
 New Caledonia Visa not required[268][269] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Niue Visa on arrival[270] 30 days
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa is required[271]
 Palestine Visa required[272]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required[273] 14 days
 Puerto Rico Visa required[274]
 Réunion Visa not required[256] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Saint Barthélemy Visa not required[256] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Saint Helena eVisa[275][276]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[256] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Saint-Martin Visa not required[256] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Sint Maarten Visa not required[277] 90 days
 Taiwan Visa required[278]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[279] 90 days
 US Virgin Islands Visa required[280]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[256] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[281] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination
An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever
Main article: International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[282]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[283]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[284] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[285] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[286]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[287] and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[288][289] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[290]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[291] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[292]

Israeli stamps
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[293] Lebanon,[294] Libya,[295] Sudan,[296] Syria,[297] and Yemen[298] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[299]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity
Main article: Armenia–Azerbaijan relations
Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[300][301]

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[302] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[303] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[304] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.

Biometrics
See also: Countries applying biometrics
A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[305]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[306][307] Argentina,[308] Brunei, Cambodia,[309] China,[310] Ethiopia,[311] Ghana, Guinea,[312] India, Japan,[313][314] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[315] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[316] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[317] Singapore, South Korea,[318] Taiwan, Thailand,[319] Uganda[320] and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[321] [322] [323] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[324]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[325] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[326][327]

See also

References and Notes
References
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  130. Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
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  321. Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC’s 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the “what if” stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  322. Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  323. LIPTON, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  324. Campoy, Ana. "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  325. "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  326. "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  327. "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammuan
    • Bokeo
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
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