Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens

Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Hungary by the authorities of other states.

As of 12 October 2020, Hungarian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 182 countries and territories, ranking the Hungarian passport 10th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Historical perspective

Travel restrictions have been considerably relaxed since the end of communism and the removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria in May 1989.

During the communist era, travelling to the West was a long and difficult process for Hungarian citizens. The first step was to obtain an invitation, preferably from a relative in the country to be visited, and a promise of full financial support. With such an invitation, and assuming a passport could be obtained, a Hungarian could travel westwards once a year. However, in the absence of such an invitation, travel to the West was possible only once every three years.[2] The Communist-era visa restrictions restricted Hungarian artists and musicians since it hindered their ability to travel abroad. As a result, many chose to leave Hungary and settle in the West, such as famed cellist János Starker, who emigrated to the United States in 1948 because it was impossible for him to tour abroad with a Hungarian passport.[3]

Domestic events in Hungary have affected the visa requirements imposed on Hungarian citizens by Western countries. The Revolution of 1956 and the ensuing domestic repression resulted in the United States deciding to expedite all Hungarian visa requests.[4]

The end of communism in 1989 led to a rapid relaxation of visa restrictions. Visa-free travel for Hungarians was introduced by several countries, including Sweden in 1986,[5] the United Kingdom in 1990,[5] Germany in 1990,[6] France (1990),[5] Spain in 1990,[5] Belgium in 1991[5] South Korea in 1991[7] and Chile in 1992.[8] 1993 saw Israel,[9] South Africa,[5] Portugal[5] and Tunisia abolish the requirement for ordinary Hungarian tourists to obtain visas in advance of departure.[5] Canada [10] and Slovakia followed in 1994.[5] Italy waived prior visas in 1995,[5] Mexico in 1997,[11] Austria in 1997,[5] Japan (1997),[12] Slovenia (1998),[5] Panama (1998),[13] Morocco (1999).[14] New Zealand scrapped requirements for visas in 2000 [5] followed by Croatia that same year,[5] and Brazil in 2001,[5] Hong Kong in 2002,[15] Serbia in 2003,[5] Ukraine in 2003[5] and Peru later that same year of 2003.[5]

Despite the tremendous increase in the number of visa waiver agreements, there have also been setbacks. In June 2001, the visa-free travel agreement between Hungary and Russia came to an end, and both countries now require visas of one another's citizens.[16]

A Hungarian identity card is valid for travel to most European countries

Hungary's accession to the European Union on 1 May 2004, along with its fellow V4 companions, radically boosted reciprocal visa-free arrangements.

Hungarians can now not only travel visa-free to any member state of the EU, but also have a right to settle there. A valid Hungarian passport or identity card is sufficient for any stay shorter than three months. For periods longer than three months, a residence permit is needed. Hungarians are allowed to settle in any EU country for more than three months if they work or study there, or if they are financially self-sufficient.[17] By virtue of the agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA), those rights also apply to Hungarians in Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein.[18] The same rights also extend to Hungarians in Switzerland as a result of the Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons.[19] Following the accession to the European Union in 2004 and the Schengen Area in 2007, visa requirements were also lifted by several other countries including Georgia (2005),[20] Bosnia and Herzegovina (2005),[5] North Macedonia (2005),[5] Colombia (2005),[5] Moldova (2007),[21] Botswana (2008),[22] Taiwan (2008),[23] Australia (2008),[24] and Thailand (2011).[25]

The Hungarian government's decade-long efforts to have U.S. visa requirements abolished for Hungarian citizens finally came to fruition on 17 November 2008 when the United States decided to include Hungary in its Visa Waiver Program.[26] The inclusion of Hungary in the Visa Waiver Program was considered a major event there. Kinga Göncz, the country's then foreign minister, even went as far as to describe it as "a landmark in our relations [with the United States], since the visa waiver was essentially the single unresolved issue."[27] However, Hungarian President László Sólyom, who had promised upon his election in 2005 never to visit the United States as long as fingerprint requirements were part of U.S. visa procedures, refused to sign the agreement on the U.S. Visa Waiver Program, fearing it would give the United States too much access to Hungary's criminal registry. His refusal did not affect Hungary's inclusion in the program.[28]

Recently visa requirements for Hungarian citizens were lifted by Qatar (July 2012),[29] Kyrgyzstan (July 2012),[30] Armenia (January 2013),[31] Jamaica (March 2013),[32] Turkey (February 2014),[33] Papua New Guinea (March 2014),[34] Bahrain (October 2014),[35] the United Arab Emirates (May 2015),[36] Timor-Leste (May 2015),[37] Samoa (May 2015),[38] Indonesia (June 2015),[39] Kazakhstan (July 2015),[40] São Tomé and Príncipe (August 2015),[41] Tonga (November 2015),[42] Palau (December 2015),[43] Marshall Islands (June 2016),[44] Tuvalu (July 2016),[45] Solomon Islands (October 2016),[46] Belarus (February 2017),[47] Cape Verde (1 January 2019),[48] Uzbekistan (1 February 2019),[49] Oman (December 2020).

Hungarian citizens were made eligible for eVisas recently by Guinea and Malawi (October 2019), Saudi Arabia (September 2019), Suriname and Pakistan (April 2019), Tanzania and Papua New Guinea (November 2018),[50] Ethiopia (1 June 2018),[51] Angola (March 2018), Djibouti (February 2018),[52] Egypt (December 2017),[53] Azerbaijan (January 2017),[54] Tajikistan (June 2016),[55][56] India (August 2015)[57] and Myanmar (October 2014).[58]

The number of visa-free destinations for Hungarian citizens grew exponentially over the last few years, in 2009 Hungarian citizens could travel to 131 countries without a visa,[59] to 142 in 2010[60] and 153 in 2012.[61]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens
  Hungary
  Freedom of movement
  Visa not required / ESTA / eTA / eVisitor
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required prior to arrival

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[62]
 Albania Visa not required[63] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[64]
 Andorra Visa not required[65]
 Angola eVisa[66][67] 30 days
  • Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested such pre-visa from the consulates of Angola abroad, are then issued with a visa on arrival at the country's border check points.
  • For a maximum total stay of 90 days within a one year period.[68]
  • Besides having printed confirmation that a visa will be issued upon arrival, passengers must: have a return/onward ticket, and have a hotel reservation confirmation.[69]
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[70] 3 months
 Argentina Visa not required[71] 90 days
 Armenia Visa not required[72] 180 days
 Australia eVisitor[73] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
 Austria Visa not required[74]
 Azerbaijan eVisa[75] 30 days[76]
 Bahamas Visa not required[77] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[78] 14 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[79]
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[80] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[81]
 Barbados Visa not required[82] 3 months
 Belarus Visa not required[83] 30 days
 Belgium Visa not required[84]
 Belize Visa not required[85]
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[86][87] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[88]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Bolivia Visa not required[89] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[90] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 Botswana Visa not required[91] 90 days
  • 90 days within any year period
 Brazil Visa not required[92] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Brunei Visa not required[93] 90 days
 Bulgaria Visa not required[94]
 Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[95] 1 month
 Burundi Visa required[96]
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[97] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[98]
 Cameroon Visa required[99]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Canada Visa not required[100] 6 months
 Cape Verde Visa not required[48] 30 days
  • Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[103]
 Central African Republic Visa required[104]
 Chad Visa required[105]
 Chile Visa not required[106] 90 days
 China Visa required[107]
 Colombia Visa not required[109] 180 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period
 Comoros Visa on arrival[110] 2 weeks
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[111]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[112]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[113] 90 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[114] 3 months
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
 Croatia Visa not required[115]
 Cuba Tourist Card required[116]
 Cyprus Visa not required[117]
 Czech Republic Visa not required[118]
 Denmark Visa not required[119]
  • Freedom of movement (DK)
  • ID card valid
 Djibouti eVisa[120] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[121] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[122] 90 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[123] 90 days
 Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[124][125] 30 days
  • Visa required, except for a max. stay of 15 days for holders of normal passports, traveling as tourists and arriving at Sharm El Sheik (SSH), Saint Catherine (SKV) or Taba (TCP) airports and remaining in the Sinai resorts.
 El Salvador Visa not required[126] 3 months
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[127]
 Eritrea Visa required[128]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Estonia Visa not required[129]
 Eswatini Visa not required[130] 30 days[131]
 Ethiopia eVisa[132] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[133] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[134]
 France Visa not required[135]
 Gabon eVisa / Visa on arrival[136] 90 days
  • Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.[137]
 Gambia Visa not required[138] 90 days
 Georgia Visa not required[139] 1 year
 Germany Visa not required[140]
 Ghana Visa required[141]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Greece Visa not required[142]
 Grenada Visa not required[143] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa not required[144] 90 days
 Guinea eVisa[145] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[146] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[147]
 Haiti Visa not required[148] 90 days
 Honduras Visa not required[149] 3 months
 Iceland Visa not required[150]
 India e-Visa[151] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][152]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
 Indonesia Visa not required[153] 30 days
 Iran Visa on arrival[154] 30 days[155]
 Iraq Visa required[156]
 Ireland Visa not required[157]
 Israel Visa not required[158] 3 months
 Italy Visa not required[159]
 Jamaica Visa not required[160] 30 days
 Japan Visa not required[161] 90 days
 Jordan Visa on arrival[162]
  • Visitors that come in groups or purchase the Jordan Pass can get the visa for free under certain conditions.[163] Not available at all entry points.[164]
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[165] 30 days
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[166] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa not required[167] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 North Korea Visa required[168]
 South Korea Visa not required[169] 90 days
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[170] 3 months
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[171] 60 days
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[172][173] 30 days
  • Visa on arrival is available at international airports Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane, and at 4 land borders Friendship Bridge,[Note 3] and at 13 border crossings[Note 4] as well as Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkai, Thailand.[174] Visa on arrival facility will be gradually phased out at various border crossings starting January 2020.[175]
  • eVisa may be used to enter Laos through the following entry points — Wattay International Airport and the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
  • Entry points Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou are open only to visa holders.
  • Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.
 Latvia Visa not required[176]
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[177] 1 month
  • Extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho eVisa[178][179]
 Liberia Visa required[180]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Libya Visa required[181]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[182]
 Lithuania Visa not required[183]
 Luxembourg Visa not required[184]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[185] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[186][187] 90 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[188] 3 months
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[189] 30 days[131]
 Mali Visa required[190]
 Malta Visa not required[191]
 Marshall Islands Visa not required[192] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[193]
 Mauritius Visa not required[194] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[195] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[196] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Moldova Visa not required[197] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Monaco Visa not required[198]
 Mongolia Visa required[199]
 Montenegro Visa not required[200] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[201] 90 days
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[202] 30 days
 Myanmar eVisa / Visa on arrival[203] 30 days
 Namibia Visa on arrival[205] 3 months
 Nauru Visa required[206]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[207] 90 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[208]
 Netherlands Visa not required[209]
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[210] 3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[211]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[212] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[211]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[213] 90 days
  • All visitors are required to obtain a Tourist Card on arrival.
 Niger Visa required[214]
 Nigeria Visa required[215]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 North Macedonia Visa not required[216] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[217]
 Oman eVisa[218] 30 days
 Pakistan Online Visa[219]
  • Online Visa eligible.[220]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[221]
 Palau Visa not required[222] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Panama Visa not required[223] 180 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[224] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa not required[225] 90 days
 Peru Visa not required[226] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period[227]
 Philippines Visa not required[228] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[229]
 Portugal Visa not required[230]
 Qatar Visa not required[231] 90 days
 Romania Visa not required[232]
 Russia eVisa[233] 16 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive and departure via 29 checkpoints[234]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[235] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[236] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[237] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[238] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Samoa Visa not required[239] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 San Marino Visa not required[240]
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[241] 15 days
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[242][243] 90 days
 Senegal Visa not required[244] 90 days
 Serbia Visa not required[245] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 Seychelles Visa not required[246] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[247]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Singapore Visa not required[248] 90 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[249]
 Slovenia Visa not required[250]
 Solomon Islands Visa not required[251] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Somalia Visa on arrival[252]
 South Africa Visa not required[253] 30 days
 South Sudan Electronic Visa[254]
  • Obtainable online[255]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[256]
 Spain Visa not required[257]
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[258] 30 days
 Sudan Visa required[259]
 Suriname E-tourist card[260] 90 days
  • Multiple entry eVisa is also available.[261]
 Sweden Visa not required[262]
  Switzerland Visa not required[263]
 Syria Visa required[264]
 Tajikistan eVisa[265] 45 days
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[266][267] 3 months
 Thailand Visa not required[268] 30 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air
 Timor-Leste Visa not required[269] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Togo Visa on arrival[270] 7 days
 Tonga Visa not required[42] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[271] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Tunisia Visa not required[272] 3 months
 Turkey Visa not required[273] 90 days[274]
 Turkmenistan Visa required[275]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Tuvalu Visa not required[276] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[277]
  • Determined at the port of entry.
  • May apply online.[278]
 Ukraine Visa not required[279] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[280] 90 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required 6 months[282]
 United States Visa Waiver Program[284] 90 days
  • On arrival from overseas; ESTA (valid for 2 years when issued) required if arriving by air or cruise ship.[285]
  • Visa required if the person visited Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Syria, Libya, Somalia or Yemen after March 1, 2011, or if he/she also holds citizenship in any of these countries.[286]
 Uruguay Visa not required[287] 90 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[288] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[289] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
  Vatican City Visa not required[290]
 Venezuela Visa not required[291] 90 days
 Vietnam eVisa[292] 30 days[293]
 Yemen Visa required[294]
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[295] 90 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[296] 3 months
  • Strictly tourism purposes only.
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.

Disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones

Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Europe
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required[297]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[298][299]
Brest and Grodno Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[300]
Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required.[301]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[302][303]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[304] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[305]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[306]
 Guernsey Visa not required[307]
 Isle of Man Visa not required[308]
Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[309] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[310]
 Jersey Visa not required[311]
 Kosovo Visa not required 90 days[312]
ID card valid; only new generation biometric ones (issued after January 1, 2016)
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Visa required[313][314] Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[315]
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[316]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[317][318]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[319][320]
Africa
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[321]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[322]
 Mayotte Visa not required[323]
 Réunion Visa not required[323]
 Ascension Island eVisa[324][325]
  • 3 months within any year period
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[326]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[327]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[328][329]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[330]
Asia
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Hong Kong Visa not required[331] 3 months
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[332][333][334][335][336][337]
 Iraqi Kurdistan Visa on arrival Visa on arrival for 15 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.[338]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[339]
Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[340]
 Macao Visa not required[341] 90 days
Sabah and Sarawak Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[342]
Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[343]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa not required[344] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[345]
 Taiwan Visa not required[346] 90 days
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[347][348][349]
Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[350][351][352]
 Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[353]
Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
Phú Quốc Visa not required 30 days[354]
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[355]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)f
 Anguilla Visa not required[356] 3 months
 Aruba Visa not required 30 days, extendable to 180 days[357][358]
 Bermuda Visa not required Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.[359]
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required[360] 3 months[361]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required[362] 30 days, extensions possible
San Andrés and Leticia Tourist Card on arrival Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[363]
 Cayman Islands Visa not required[364] 6 months
 Curaçao Visa not required[365] 3 months
French Guiana Visa not required[366]
French West Indies Visa not required French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[367]
 Greenland Visa not required
Margarita Island Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[368]
 Montserrat Visa not required[369] 6 months
 Puerto Rico Visa not required[370] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[323]
 Sint Maarten Visa not required[371] 3 months[372]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[373] 90 days
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa not required[374] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
Oceania
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Electronic authorization[375] 30 days
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[376]
Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[377]
 Cook Islands Visa not required[378] 31 days
Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[379]
 French Polynesia Visa not required[380]
 Guam Visa not required[381] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
 New Caledonia Visa not required[323]
 Niue Visa on arrival[382] 30 days
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required[383] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[384][385][386]
 Tokelau Entry permit required[387]
United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[388][389][390][391][392][393][394]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[323]
South America
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[395]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
 Falkland Islands Visa not required Visa is not required.[396]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[397][398]
Antarctica Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[399][400][401][402][403][404][405][406][407][408][409][410]

Diplomatic passports

  European Union (unlimited access)
  Visa-free
  Visa on arrival
  Pre-arrival Internet registration required (ESTA, eVisitor)
  Visa required

A Hungarian ordinary passport, with visa-free access to all of the world's developed countries, is a very convenient travel document by international standards. However, it is not as handy as a Hungarian diplomatic passport, which has even less visa restrictions attached to it. Several countries offer visa-free access to holders of a Hungarian diplomatic passport, but not to ordinary passport holders. This is notably the case with the People's Republic of China since 1992,[411] Russia (since 2001).[412] and India (since 2003).[413] As of July 2009, Hungarian diplomats can enter all G8+5 countries without a visa.[414] The Hungarian diplomatic passport holds the distinction of being the only travel document in the world granting such visa-free entry to all G8+5 member states.[a]

In total holders of various categories of official Hungarian passports have additional visa-free access to the following countries - Algeria (diplomatic passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), Belarus (diplomatic or service passports), China (diplomatic or service passports), Cuba (diplomatic or service passports), Egypt (diplomatic passports), India (diplomatic or official passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or service passports), Iran (diplomatic passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic or service passports), Laos (diplomatic or official passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Russia (diplomatic and service passports), Tajikistan (diplomatic or service passports), Turkmenistan (diplomatic or service passports) and Uzbekistan (diplomatic passports), Vietnam (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), Yemen (diplomatic passports). Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe.

Right to consular protection in non-EU countries

Countries with Hungarian diplomatic missions

When they are in a territory with no Hungarian consular facilities, because Hungarian citizens are also citizens of the EU, they have the right to get consular assistance from any other EU country with a diplomatic mission in that territory.

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[415] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[416]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[417]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[418] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[419] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[420]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[421] and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[422][423] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[424]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[425] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[426]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[427] Lebanon,[428] Libya,[429] Sudan,[430] Syria,[431] and Yemen[432] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[433]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[434][435]

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[436] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[437] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[438] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.

Biometrics

A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[439]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[440][441] Argentina,[442] Brunei, Cambodia,[443] China,[444] Ethiopia,[445] Ghana, Guinea,[446] India, Japan,[447][448] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[449] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[450] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[451] Singapore, South Korea,[452] Taiwan, Thailand,[453] Uganda[454] and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[455] [456] [457] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[458]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[459] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[460][461]

See also

References and Notes

References
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  89. Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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  92. Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
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  179. Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
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  221. Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
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Notes
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammuan
    • Bokeo
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
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