Visa requirements for Antigua and Barbuda citizens

Visa requirements for Antigua and Barbuda citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Antigua and Barbuda. As of 02 July 2019, Antigua and Barbuda citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 151 countries and territories, ranking the Antigua and Barbuda passport 29th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Antigua and Barbuda citizens
  Antigua and Barbuda
  Visa free access
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania Visa not required[3] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa not required[5] 3 months
 Angola Visa required[6]
 Argentina Visa required[7]
 Armenia Visa on arrival[8] 120 days
 Australia and territories Visa required[9]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[10]
 Austria Visa not required[11] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Azerbaijan Visa required[12]
 Bahamas Visa not required[13] 8 months
 Bahrain eVisa[14] 14 days
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[15]
 Barbados Visa not required[16] 6 months
 Belarus Visa not required[17] 30 days
 Belgium Visa not required[18] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Belize Visa not required[19] 6 months
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[20][21] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[22]
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[23] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[24] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
 Botswana Visa not required[25] 90 days
 Brazil Visa not required[26] 90 days
 Brunei Visa required[27]
 Bulgaria Visa not required[28] 3 months
  • 3 months within any 6-month period
 Burkina Faso Visa required[29]
 Burundi Visa required[30]
 Cambodia Visa on arrival[31] 30 days
 Cameroon Visa required[32]
 Canada Visa required[33]
 Cape Verde Visa not required[34]
 Central African Republic Visa required[35]
 Chad Visa required[36]
 Chile Visa not required[37] 90 days
 China Visa required[38]
 Colombia Visa not required[39] 90 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period
 Comoros Visa on arrival[40]
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[41]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[42]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[43] 90 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[44] 3 months
  • eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
 Croatia Visa not required[45] 3 months
  • 3 months within any 6-month period
 Cuba Visa not required[46] 30 days
 Cyprus Visa not required[47] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Czech Republic Visa not required[48] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Denmark Visa not required[49] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Djibouti Visa on arrival[50]
 Dominica Visa not required[51][52]
  • Freedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[53]
 Ecuador Visa not required[54] 90 days[55]
 Egypt Visa on arrival[56]
 El Salvador Visa not required[57] 90 days
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[58]
 Eritrea Visa required[59]
 Estonia Visa not required[60] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Eswatini Visa not required[61] 30 days
 Ethiopia eVisa[62] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[63] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[64] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 France Visa not required[65] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Gabon eVisa[66]
  • Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
 Gambia Visa not required[67] 90 days
 Georgia Visa not required[68] 1 year
 Germany Visa not required[69] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Ghana Visa required[70]
 Greece Visa not required[71] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Grenada Visa not required[72][73]
  • Freedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
 Guatemala Visa not required[74] 90 days
 Guinea eVisa[75]
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[76] 90 days
 Guyana Visa not required[77] 6 months
 Haiti Visa not required[78] 3 months
 Honduras Visa not required[79] 90 days
 Hungary Visa not required[80] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Iceland Visa not required[81] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 India eVisa[82] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][83]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.
 Indonesia Visa not required[84] 30 days
 Iran eVisa/Visa on arrival[85] 15 days
  • Conditions apply.
 Iraq Visa required[86]
 Ireland Visa not required[87]
 Israel Visa required[88]
 Italy Visa not required[89] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Jamaica Visa not required[90] 6 months
 Japan Visa required[91]
 Jordan Visa on arrival[92]
 Kazakhstan Visa required[93]
 Kenya eVisa[94] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa not required[95] 30 days
 North Korea Visa required[96]
 South Korea Visa not required[97] 90 days
 Kuwait Visa required[98]
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa[99]
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[101] 30 days
  • Visa on arrival is available at international airports Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane, and at 4 land borders Friendship Bridge,[Note 3] and at 13 border crossings[Note 4] as well as Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane, which connects to the train station in Nongkai, Thailand.[102] Visa on arrival facility will be gradually phased out at various border crossings starting January 2020.[103]
  • eVisa may be used to enter Laos through the following entry points — Wattay International Airport and the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
  • Entry points Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou are open only to visa holders.
  • Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.
 Latvia Visa not required[104] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[105] 1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho Visa not required[106] 30 days
 Liberia Visa required[107]
 Libya Visa required[108]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[109] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Lithuania Visa not required[110] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Luxembourg Visa not required[111] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[112] 90 days
 Malawi Visa not required[113] 90 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[114] 30 days
 Maldives Visa on arrival[115] 30 days[55]
 Mali Visa required[116]
 Malta Visa not required[117] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Marshall Islands Visa required[118]
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[119]
 Mauritius Visa not required[120] 90 days
 Mexico Visa required[121]
 Micronesia Visa not required[122] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[123] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Monaco Visa not required[124]
 Mongolia Visa required[125]
 Montenegro Visa not required[126] 90 days
 Morocco Visa required[127]
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[128] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa required[129]
 Namibia Visa required[130]
 Nauru Visa required[131]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[132] 30 days
 Netherlands Visa not required[133] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 New Zealand Visa required[134]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[135]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[136] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[137]
 Nigeria eVisa[138]
 North Macedonia Visa not required[139] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[140] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Oman Visa required[141]
 Pakistan Online Visa[142]
 Palau Visa on arrival[143] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[144] 180 days
 Papua New Guinea Easy Visitor Permit[145] 30 days
 Paraguay Visa required[146]
 Peru Visa not required[147] 180 days
 Philippines Visa not required[148] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[149] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Portugal Visa not required[150] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Qatar Visa not required[151] 90 days
 Romania Visa not required[152] 3 months
  • 3 months within any 6-month period
 Russia Visa not required[153] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[154] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[155][156]
  • Freedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[157][158]
  • Freedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[159][160]
  • Freedom of movement for OECS states; ID card valid
 Samoa Entry Permit on arrival[161] 60 days
 San Marino Visa not required[162]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[163]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[164]
 Senegal Visa on arrival[165]
 Serbia Visa not required[166] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Seychelles Visitor's Permit on arrival[167] 3 months[55]
 Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[168]
 Singapore Visa not required[169] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[170] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Slovenia Visa not required[171] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Solomon Islands Permit on arrival[172] 30 days
 Somalia Visa on arrival[173] 30 days
 South Africa Visa not required[174] 30 days
 South Sudan Electronic Visa[175]
  • Obtainable online[176]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[177]
 Spain Visa not required[178] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Sri Lanka Electronic Travel Authorization[179] 30 days
  • Must hold return or onward ticket
 Sudan Visa required[180]
 Suriname Visa not required[181] 6 months
 Sweden Visa not required[182] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
  Switzerland Visa not required[183] 3 months
  • 3 months during a 6 months period following the date of first entry in the Schengen Area
 Syria Visa required[184]
 Tajikistan eVisa[185][186] 45 days
 Tanzania Visa not required[187] 3 months
 Thailand Visa required[188]
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[189] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[190] 7 days
 Tonga Visa required[191]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[192] 6 months
 Tunisia Visa not required[193] 90 days
 Turkey eVisa[194] 30 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[195]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[196] 1 month
 Uganda Visa not required[197] 90 days
 Ukraine Visa not required[198][199] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[200]
 United Kingdom and Crown dependencies Visa not required[201] 6 months
 United States Visa required[202]
 Uruguay Visa required[203]
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[204] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[205] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa not required[206]
 Venezuela Visa not required[207] 90 days
 Vietnam Visa required[208]
 Yemen Visa required[209]
 Zambia Visa not required[210] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa not required[211] 3 months
Notes
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammuan
    • Bokeo
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)

Dependent, Disputed, or Restricted territories

Unrecognized or partially recognized countries
Territory Conditions of access Notes
 Abkhazia Visa required[212]
 Kosovo Visa not required[213] 90 days
 Northern Cyprus Visa not required[214]
 Artsakh Visa required[215] Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[216]
 Palestine Visa not required[217] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[218]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[219][220]
 South Ossetia Visa not required[221] Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[222][223]
 Taiwan Visa required[224][225]
 Transnistria Visa not required[226] Registration required after 24h.[227][228]
Dependent and autonomous territories
Territory Conditions of access Notes
China
 Hong Kong Visa not required[229] 90 days
 Macau Visa on arrival[230]
Denmark
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[231]
 Greenland Visa not required[232]
France
 French Guiana Visa not required[233]
 French Polynesia Visa not required[234]
French West Indies Visa not required Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin.
 Mayotte Visa not required[235]
 New Caledonia Visa not required[236]
 Réunion Visa not required[237]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[238]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[239]
Netherlands
 Aruba Visa not required[240]
Caribbean Netherlands Visa not required[241] Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
 Curaçao Visa not required[242]
 Sint Maarten Visa not required[243]
New Zealand
 Cook Islands Visa not required[244] 31 days
 Niue Visa not required[245] 30 days
 Tokelau Visa required[246]
United Kingdom
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia Visa not required[247] Stays longer than 28 days per 12-month period require a permit.[248]
 Anguilla Visa not required[249] Holders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa.[250]
 Bermuda Visa not required[251]
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[252]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required[253]
 Cayman Islands Visa not required[254]
 Falkland Islands Visa required[255]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[256]
 Montserrat Visa not required[257]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[258][259][260]
 Ascension Island eVisa[261][262]
  • 3 months within any year period
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[263]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[264]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[265][266]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[267] Holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA do not required a visa for a maximum stay of 90 days.
United States
 American Samoa Visa required[268]
 Guam Visa required[269]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa required[270]
 Puerto Rico Visa required[271]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[272]
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[273][274][275][276][277][278][279][280][281][282][283][284]

Additional Rules

Visa exemption for Schengen States

Citizens of Antigua and Barbuda are classified as 'Annex II' foreign nationals, and so are permitted to stay visa-free in the 26 member states of the Schengen Area as a whole — rather than each country individually — for a period not exceeding 3 months every 6 months.

Visa exemption in CARICOM States

Citizens of Antigua and Barbuda wishing to live and work in another CARICOM State should obtain a CSME Skills Certificate. This must be presented at Immigration in the receiving country along with a valid passport and a police certificate of character. Holders of certificates are given a maximum of six (6) months stay in the host country until their status and documents could be verified. Additional documents are required if travelling with spouse and/or dependants such as Marriage certificate, Birth Certificate, etc.

Visa exemption in OECS States

Citizens of Antigua and Barbuda can live and work in Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as a result of right of freedom of movement granted in Article 12 of the Protocol of the Eastern Caribbean Economic Union of the Revised Treaty of Basseterre.

Visa exemption and requirements for the United Kingdom

Citizens of Antigua and Barbuda are able to visit the United Kingdom for up to 6 months (or 3 months if they enter from the Republic of Ireland) without the need to apply for a visa as long as they fulfil all of the following criteria:

  • they do not work during their stay in the UK
  • they must not register a marriage or register a civil partnership during their stay in the UK
  • they can present evidence of sufficient money to fund their stay in the UK (if requested by the border inspection officer)
  • they intend to leave the UK at the end of their visit and can meet the cost of the return/onward journey
  • they have completed a landing card and submitted it at passport control unless in direct transit to a destination outside the Common Travel Area[285]
  • if under the age of 18, they can demonstrate evidence of suitable care arrangements and parental (or guardian's) consent for their stay in the UK[286]

However, even though, strictly speaking, he/she is not required to apply for a visa if he/she satisfies all of the above criteria, a Citizen of Antigua and Barbuda who falls into any of the following categories has been strongly advised by the UK Border Agency (replaced by UK Visas and Immigration) to apply for a visa prior to travelling to the UK:

  • he/she has any unspent criminal convictions in any country
  • he/she has previously been refused or breached the terms of any entry to the UK, or been deported or otherwise removed from the UK
  • he/she has previously applied for a visa and been refused one
  • he/she has been warned by a British official that he/she should obtain a visa before travelling to the UK

Citizens of Antigua and Barbuda with a grandparent born either in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands or Isle of Man at any time or in the Republic of Ireland on or before 31 March 1922 can apply for UK Ancestry Entry Clearance, which enables them to work in the UK for 5 years, after which they can apply to settle indefinitely.

Consular protection of Antiguan and Barbudan Citizens abroad

Diplomatic missions of Antigua and Barbuda

Citizens of Antigua and Barbuda who require consular assistance in a foreign country where there is no Antiguan and Barbudan foreign mission may be able to request assistance from a British Embassy, high commission or consulate. For example, Antiguan and Barbudans who need to travel urgently and whose passport has expired, been lost or stolen can be issued with an emergency travel document by a British foreign mission as long as this has cleared with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Antigua and Barbuda. See List of diplomatic missions of Antigua and Barbuda.

Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[287] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Vaccination

An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[288]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently.[289]

Passport validity length

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[290] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[291] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[292]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova, and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland and the United Kingdom also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[293] and South Africa.

Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay. Some countries have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[294][295] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[296]

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[297] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[298]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[299] Lebanon,[300] Libya,[301] Sudan,[302] Syria,[303] and Yemen[304] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

The Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage claims that having an Israeli stamp does not disqualify someone from visiting Saudi Arabia.[305]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity

Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bars entry of Armenian citizens, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, into the Republic of Azerbaijan.[306][307]

Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[308] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[309] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[310] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Upon request, the authorities of the largely unrecognised Republic of Artsakh may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their territory.

Biometrics

A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[311]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[312][313] Argentina,[314] Brunei, Cambodia,[315] China,[316] Ethiopia,[317] Ghana, Guinea,[318] India, Japan,[319][320] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[321] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[322] Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[323] Singapore, South Korea,[324] Taiwan, Thailand,[325] Uganda[326] and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its legislature),[327] [328] [329] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[330]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[331] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[332][333]

See also

References and Notes

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  324. Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC’s 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the “what if” stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  325. Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  326. LIPTON, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  327. Campoy, Ana. "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  328. "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  329. "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  330. "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn’t the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
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