1988 United States presidential election in Texas
The 1988 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose twenty-nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
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| Turnout | 66.17% (of registered voters)  44.34% (of voting age population)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 County Results
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| Elections in Texas |
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 Government |
Incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush won his home state against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
Texas weighed in for this election as 5 points more Republican than the national average.
Partisan background
The presidential election of 1988 was a very partisan election for Texas, with more than 99% of the electorate voting for either the Democratic or Republican parties.[2] Every county save five gave either Bush or Dukakis an outright majority; Bee County gave Bush a plurality, while Hudspeth, Lee, and Polk Counties gave Dukakis a plurality. Houston County gave Bush exactly half of its vote. Bush's best county was Ochiltree, which gave him 83.3% of its vote; Dukakis' was Starr, which gave him 84.7%. Starr was Dukakis' strongest county nationally.[3]
As of the 2020 presidential election, and despite Bill Clinton's two ensuing nationwide election victories (while holding the Republican margin of victory in Texas to single digits both times), the 1988 election constitutes the last occasion when Lee County, Calhoun County and San Saba County have supported the Democratic presidential nominee.[4]
Along with Iowa and Montana, Texas is one of only three states where, as of 2020, Michael Dukakis was the last Democrat to have carried at least one county.
Republican victory
Texas voted for George H. W. Bush by a solid 12.6% margin. Texas had been considered a competitive, albeit Republican-leaning, state in the run-up to the election, with Florida being considered the safest of the large states for Bush.[5] Although the final results showed Texas to be more Republican than the nation, Dukakis did indeed perform better in Texas than in Florida, and indeed than in a number of other Southern states, such as South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia. In particular, in contrast to Florida, Dukakis carried a substantial number of rural counties (including ones away from the Mexican border), including many of those that had voted for George Wallace in 1968. Most of these counties would solidify as Republican counties in 2000, although there were defections in both 1992 (Lee, Calhoun, San Saba) and 1996 (Polk, Hardin).
Bush scored impressive wins in Texas' population centers, including then-typically Republican Harris, Dallas, and Tarrant Counties, all of which he won with at least 57% of the vote, as well as the emerging suburban counties of Collin and Denton, where he got over 2/3 of the vote. He also carried the swing county of Bexar, although Dukakis reclaimed Travis County, a typically Democratic county that had switched to Reagan in 1984.
Results
| 1988 United States presidential election in Texas | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
| Republican | George H. W. Bush | 3,036,829 | 55.95% | 29 | |
| Democratic | Michael Dukakis | 2,352,748 | 43.35% | 0 | |
| Libertarian | Ron Paul | 30,355[lower-alpha 1] | 0.56% | 0 | |
| New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 7,208 | 0.13% | 0 | |
| Write-Ins | 160[lower-alpha 2] | >0.01% | 0 | ||
| Socialist Workers Party | James Warren | 110[lower-alpha 2] | >0.01% | 0 | |
| Totals | 5,427,410 | 100.0% | 29 | ||
Results by county
| County | George H. W. Bush Republican |
Michael Dukakis Democratic |
Ron Paul[6] Libertarian |
Various candidates Other parties |
Margin | Total votes cast | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Anderson | 7,858 | 55.95% | 6,128 | 43.63% | 49 | 0.35% | 10 | 0.07% | 1,730 | 12.32% | 14,045 |
| Andrews | 3,052 | 72.82% | 1,122 | 26.77% | 12 | 0.29% | 5 | 0.12% | 1,930 | 46.05% | 4,191 |
| Angelina | 12,738 | 53.40% | 10,849 | 45.48% | 249 | 1.04% | 16 | 0.07% | 1,889 | 7.92% | 23,852 |
| Aransas | 3,858 | 62.27% | 2,305 | 37.20% | 29 | 0.47% | 4 | 0.06% | 1,553 | 25.06% | 6,196 |
| Archer | 2,010 | 55.13% | 1,627 | 44.62% | 9 | 0.25% | 0 | 0.00% | 383 | 10.50% | 3,646 |
| Armstrong | 720 | 69.23% | 314 | 30.19% | 6 | 0.58% | 0 | 0.00% | 406 | 39.04% | 1,040 |
| Atascosa | 4,777 | 50.26% | 4,657 | 49.00% | 63 | 0.66% | 7 | 0.07% | 120 | 1.26% | 9,504 |
| Austin | 4,524 | 63.18% | 2,593 | 36.22% | 41 | 0.57% | 2 | 0.03% | 1,931 | 26.97% | 7,160 |
| Bailey | 1,459 | 62.27% | 876 | 37.39% | 8 | 0.34% | 0 | 0.00% | 583 | 24.88% | 2,343 |
| Bandera | 3,435 | 72.15% | 1,251 | 26.28% | 72 | 1.51% | 3 | 0.06% | 2,184 | 45.87% | 4,761 |
| Bastrop | 5,991 | 42.51% | 8,004 | 56.80% | 91 | 0.65% | 6 | 0.04% | -2,013 | -14.28% | 14,092 |
| Baylor | 914 | 44.15% | 1,153 | 55.70% | 3 | 0.14% | 0 | 0.00% | -239 | -11.55% | 2,070 |
| Bee | 4,620 | 49.78% | 4,616 | 49.74% | 39 | 0.42% | 6 | 0.06% | 4 | 0.04% | 9,281 |
| Bell | 29,382 | 61.79% | 17,751 | 37.33% | 365 | 0.77% | 53 | 0.11% | 11,631 | 24.46% | 47,551 |
| Bexar | 193,192 | 52.25% | 174,036 | 47.07% | 2,144 | 0.58% | 377 | 0.10% | 19,156 | 5.18% | 369,749 |
| Blanco | 1,680 | 61.79% | 1,012 | 37.22% | 24 | 0.88% | 3 | 0.11% | 668 | 24.57% | 2,719 |
| Borden | 283 | 62.33% | 169 | 37.22% | 1 | 0.22% | 1 | 0.22% | 114 | 25.11% | 454 |
| Bosque | 3,458 | 56.26% | 2,670 | 43.44% | 16 | 0.26% | 3 | 0.05% | 788 | 12.82% | 6,147 |
| Bowie | 15,454 | 55.31% | 12,331 | 44.13% | 131 | 0.47% | 25 | 0.09% | 3,123 | 11.18% | 27,941 |
| Brazoria | 34,028 | 57.60% | 23,436 | 39.67% | 1,549 | 2.62% | 68 | 0.12% | 10,592 | 17.93% | 59,081 |
| Brazos | 29,369 | 65.72% | 14,885 | 33.31% | 348 | 0.78% | 88 | 0.20% | 14,484 | 32.41% | 44,690 |
| Brewster | 1,708 | 51.55% | 1,569 | 47.36% | 33 | 1.00% | 3 | 0.09% | 139 | 4.20% | 3,313 |
| Briscoe | 464 | 44.27% | 574 | 54.77% | 8 | 0.76% | 2 | 0.19% | -110 | -10.50% | 1,048 |
| Brooks | 608 | 17.43% | 2,859 | 81.94% | 10 | 0.29% | 12 | 0.34% | -2,251 | -64.52% | 3,489 |
| Brown | 6,810 | 58.68% | 4,763 | 41.04% | 29 | 0.25% | 4 | 0.03% | 2,047 | 17.64% | 11,606 |
| Burleson | 2,242 | 41.99% | 3,085 | 57.78% | 11 | 0.21% | 1 | 0.02% | -843 | -15.79% | 5,339 |
| Burnet | 5,120 | 53.85% | 4,343 | 45.68% | 42 | 0.44% | 3 | 0.03% | 777 | 8.17% | 9,508 |
| Caldwell | 3,553 | 43.00% | 4,649 | 56.27% | 52 | 0.63% | 8 | 0.10% | -1,096 | -13.27% | 8,262 |
| Calhoun | 3,183 | 48.79% | 3,314 | 50.80% | 21 | 0.32% | 6 | 0.09% | -131 | -2.01% | 6,524 |
| Callahan | 2,887 | 58.67% | 2,017 | 40.99% | 10 | 0.20% | 7 | 0.14% | 870 | 17.68% | 4,921 |
| Cameron | 24,263 | 43.68% | 30,972 | 55.75% | 253 | 0.46% | 64 | 0.12% | -6,709 | -12.08% | 55,552 |
| Camp | 1,908 | 47.20% | 2,121 | 52.47% | 12 | 0.30% | 1 | 0.02% | -213 | -5.27% | 4,042 |
| Carson | 2,100 | 66.71% | 1,034 | 32.85% | 11 | 0.35% | 3 | 0.10% | 1,066 | 33.86% | 3,148 |
| Cass | 5,305 | 47.11% | 5,941 | 52.75% | 14 | 0.12% | 2 | 0.02% | -636 | -5.65% | 11,262 |
| Castro | 1,604 | 52.61% | 1,436 | 47.10% | 8 | 0.26% | 1 | 0.03% | 168 | 5.51% | 3,049 |
| Chambers | 3,694 | 54.48% | 3,035 | 44.76% | 46 | 0.68% | 6 | 0.09% | 659 | 9.72% | 6,781 |
| Cherokee | 7,520 | 57.12% | 5,604 | 42.57% | 38 | 0.29% | 3 | 0.02% | 1,916 | 14.55% | 13,165 |
| Childress | 1,201 | 52.98% | 1,060 | 46.76% | 6 | 0.26% | 0 | 0.00% | 141 | 6.22% | 2,267 |
| Clay | 2,043 | 47.07% | 2,288 | 52.72% | 8 | 0.18% | 1 | 0.02% | -245 | -5.65% | 4,340 |
| Cochran | 771 | 52.74% | 681 | 46.58% | 8 | 0.55% | 2 | 0.14% | 90 | 6.16% | 1,462 |
| Coke | 863 | 55.97% | 674 | 43.71% | 4 | 0.26% | 1 | 0.06% | 189 | 12.26% | 1,542 |
| Coleman | 2,340 | 54.15% | 1,978 | 45.78% | 3 | 0.07% | 0 | 0.00% | 362 | 8.38% | 4,321 |
| Collin | 67,776 | 74.29% | 22,934 | 25.14% | 465 | 0.51% | 55 | 0.06% | 44,842 | 49.15% | 91,230 |
| Collingsworth | 872 | 51.81% | 809 | 48.07% | 2 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 63 | 3.74% | 1,683 |
| Colorado | 3,723 | 56.41% | 2,847 | 43.14% | 26 | 0.39% | 4 | 0.06% | 876 | 13.27% | 6,600 |
| Comal | 13,994 | 70.04% | 5,716 | 28.61% | 237 | 1.19% | 33 | 0.17% | 8,278 | 41.43% | 19,980 |
| Comanche | 2,120 | 44.53% | 2,622 | 55.07% | 18 | 0.38% | 1 | 0.02% | -502 | -10.54% | 4,761 |
| Concho | 617 | 48.85% | 643 | 50.91% | 1 | 0.08% | 2 | 0.16% | -26 | -2.06% | 1,263 |
| Cooke | 7,196 | 62.84% | 4,217 | 36.82% | 30 | 0.26% | 9 | 0.08% | 2,979 | 26.01% | 11,452 |
| Coryell | 7,461 | 64.17% | 4,026 | 34.63% | 123 | 1.06% | 17 | 0.15% | 3,435 | 29.54% | 11,627 |
| Cottle | 379 | 35.00% | 690 | 63.71% | 14 | 1.29% | 0 | 0.00% | -311 | -28.72% | 1,083 |
| Crane | 1,219 | 67.05% | 596 | 32.78% | 3 | 0.17% | 0 | 0.00% | 623 | 34.27% | 1,818 |
| Crockett | 932 | 51.24% | 881 | 48.43% | 6 | 0.33% | 0 | 0.00% | 51 | 2.80% | 1,819 |
| Crosby | 1,121 | 43.75% | 1,435 | 56.01% | 5 | 0.20% | 1 | 0.04% | -314 | -12.26% | 2,562 |
| Culberson | 417 | 42.46% | 557 | 56.72% | 3 | 0.31% | 5 | 0.51% | -140 | -14.26% | 982 |
| Dallam | 1,205 | 64.72% | 645 | 34.64% | 12 | 0.64% | 0 | 0.00% | 560 | 30.08% | 1,862 |
| Dallas | 347,094 | 58.38% | 243,198 | 40.91% | 3,446 | 0.58% | 800 | 0.13% | 103,896 | 17.48% | 594,538 |
| Dawson | 3,154 | 59.32% | 2,155 | 40.53% | 6 | 0.11% | 2 | 0.04% | 999 | 18.79% | 5,317 |
| Deaf Smith | 3,744 | 65.39% | 1,930 | 33.71% | 36 | 0.63% | 16 | 0.28% | 1,814 | 31.68% | 5,726 |
| Delta | 849 | 40.41% | 1,244 | 59.21% | 8 | 0.38% | 0 | 0.00% | -395 | -18.80% | 2,101 |
| Denton | 57,444 | 68.22% | 26,204 | 31.12% | 474 | 0.56% | 88 | 0.10% | 31,240 | 37.10% | 84,210 |
| Dewitt | 3,628 | 58.00% | 2,579 | 41.23% | 43 | 0.69% | 5 | 0.08% | 1,049 | 16.77% | 6,255 |
| Dickens | 435 | 38.12% | 696 | 61.00% | 7 | 0.61% | 3 | 0.26% | -261 | -22.87% | 1,141 |
| Dimmit | 900 | 24.65% | 2,735 | 74.91% | 12 | 0.33% | 4 | 0.11% | -1,835 | -50.26% | 3,651 |
| Donley | 1,043 | 60.89% | 661 | 38.59% | 9 | 0.53% | 0 | 0.00% | 382 | 22.30% | 1,713 |
| Duval | 907 | 17.79% | 4,177 | 81.95% | 11 | 0.22% | 2 | 0.04% | -3,270 | -64.16% | 5,097 |
| Eastland | 3,929 | 54.83% | 3,215 | 44.86% | 19 | 0.27% | 3 | 0.04% | 714 | 9.96% | 7,166 |
| Ector | 23,155 | 67.80% | 10,825 | 31.70% | 152 | 0.45% | 20 | 0.06% | 12,330 | 36.10% | 34,152 |
| Edwards | 556 | 59.78% | 368 | 39.57% | 4 | 0.43% | 2 | 0.22% | 188 | 20.22% | 930 |
| Ellis | 16,422 | 59.18% | 11,169 | 40.25% | 104 | 0.37% | 54 | 0.19% | 5,253 | 18.93% | 27,749 |
| El Paso | 55,573 | 46.79% | 62,622 | 52.72% | 434 | 0.37% | 152 | 0.13% | -7,049 | -5.93% | 118,781 |
| Erath | 5,427 | 56.71% | 4,113 | 42.98% | 0 | 0.00% | 30 | 0.31% | 1,314 | 13.73% | 9,570 |
| Falls | 2,344 | 44.76% | 2,877 | 54.94% | 11 | 0.21% | 5 | 0.10% | -533 | -10.18% | 5,237 |
| Fannin | 4,024 | 43.67% | 5,163 | 56.03% | 23 | 0.25% | 4 | 0.04% | -1,139 | -12.36% | 9,214 |
| Fayette | 4,551 | 57.09% | 3,390 | 42.53% | 29 | 0.36% | 1 | 0.01% | 1,161 | 14.57% | 7,971 |
| Fisher | 721 | 32.19% | 1,516 | 67.68% | 3 | 0.13% | 0 | 0.00% | -795 | -35.49% | 2,240 |
| Floyd | 1,741 | 55.48% | 1,391 | 44.33% | 3 | 0.10% | 3 | 0.10% | 350 | 11.15% | 3,138 |
| Foard | 306 | 37.32% | 513 | 62.56% | 1 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | -207 | -25.24% | 820 |
| Fort Bend | 39,818 | 62.43% | 23,351 | 36.61% | 458 | 0.72% | 157 | 0.25% | 16,467 | 25.82% | 63,784 |
| Franklin | 1,439 | 49.69% | 1,453 | 50.17% | 3 | 0.10% | 1 | 0.03% | -14 | -0.48% | 2,896 |
| Freestone | 3,159 | 51.85% | 2,916 | 47.87% | 16 | 0.26% | 1 | 0.02% | 243 | 3.99% | 6,092 |
| Frio | 1,505 | 33.16% | 3,016 | 66.46% | 16 | 0.35% | 1 | 0.02% | -1,511 | -33.30% | 4,538 |
| Gaines | 2,265 | 62.81% | 1,310 | 36.33% | 28 | 0.78% | 3 | 0.08% | 955 | 26.48% | 3,606 |
| Galveston | 34,913 | 47.15% | 38,633 | 52.18% | 431 | 0.58% | 65 | 0.09% | -3,720 | -5.02% | 74,042 |
| Garza | 1,183 | 54.02% | 989 | 45.16% | 17 | 0.78% | 1 | 0.05% | 194 | 8.86% | 2,190 |
| Gillespie | 5,662 | 77.42% | 1,588 | 21.71% | 61 | 0.83% | 2 | 0.03% | 4,074 | 55.71% | 7,313 |
| Glasscock | 384 | 72.73% | 143 | 27.08% | 1 | 0.19% | 0 | 0.00% | 241 | 45.64% | 528 |
| Goliad | 1,427 | 51.11% | 1,358 | 48.64% | 7 | 0.25% | 0 | 0.00% | 69 | 2.47% | 2,792 |
| Gonzales | 2,983 | 50.42% | 2,897 | 48.97% | 35 | 0.59% | 1 | 0.02% | 86 | 1.45% | 5,916 |
| Gray | 7,259 | 74.22% | 2,460 | 25.15% | 55 | 0.56% | 7 | 0.07% | 4,799 | 49.06% | 9,781 |
| Grayson | 18,825 | 56.55% | 14,347 | 43.10% | 97 | 0.29% | 18 | 0.05% | 4,478 | 13.45% | 33,287 |
| Gregg | 26,465 | 67.19% | 12,486 | 31.70% | 416 | 1.06% | 20 | 0.05% | 13,979 | 35.49% | 39,387 |
| Grimes | 2,820 | 50.52% | 2,735 | 49.00% | 23 | 0.41% | 4 | 0.07% | 85 | 1.52% | 5,582 |
| Guadalupe | 13,265 | 64.37% | 7,111 | 34.50% | 0 | 0.00% | 233 | 1.13% | 6,154 | 29.86% | 20,609 |
| Hale | 6,284 | 64.05% | 3,502 | 35.69% | 19 | 0.19% | 6 | 0.06% | 2,782 | 28.36% | 9,811 |
| Hall | 714 | 40.96% | 1,029 | 59.04% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -315 | -18.07% | 1,743 |
| Hamilton | 1,718 | 55.67% | 1,355 | 43.91% | 12 | 0.39% | 1 | 0.03% | 363 | 11.76% | 3,086 |
| Hansford | 1,967 | 81.25% | 443 | 18.30% | 11 | 0.45% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,524 | 62.95% | 2,421 |
| Hardeman | 855 | 42.73% | 1,143 | 57.12% | 2 | 0.10% | 1 | 0.05% | -288 | -14.39% | 2,001 |
| Hardin | 6,897 | 45.46% | 8,245 | 54.34% | 28 | 0.18% | 3 | 0.02% | -1,348 | -8.88% | 15,173 |
| Harris | 464,217 | 57.02% | 342,919 | 42.12% | 5,205 | 0.64% | 1,819 | 0.22% | 121,298 | 14.90% | 814,160 |
| Harrison | 11,957 | 56.18% | 8,974 | 42.16% | 335 | 1.57% | 19 | 0.09% | 2,983 | 14.01% | 21,285 |
| Hartley | 1,229 | 70.35% | 505 | 28.91% | 11 | 0.63% | 2 | 0.11% | 724 | 41.44% | 1,747 |
| Haskell | 1,193 | 40.93% | 1,715 | 58.83% | 5 | 0.17% | 2 | 0.07% | -522 | -17.91% | 2,915 |
| Hays | 11,716 | 50.36% | 11,187 | 48.09% | 330 | 1.42% | 31 | 0.13% | 529 | 2.27% | 23,264 |
| Hemphill | 1,170 | 68.62% | 527 | 30.91% | 8 | 0.47% | 0 | 0.00% | 643 | 37.71% | 1,705 |
| Henderson | 11,005 | 52.61% | 9,819 | 46.94% | 73 | 0.35% | 21 | 0.10% | 1,186 | 5.67% | 20,918 |
| Hidalgo | 29,246 | 34.87% | 54,330 | 64.78% | 210 | 0.25% | 84 | 0.10% | -25,084 | -29.91% | 83,870 |
| Hill | 4,796 | 52.14% | 4,381 | 47.63% | 20 | 0.22% | 1 | 0.01% | 415 | 4.51% | 9,198 |
| Hockley | 4,368 | 60.25% | 2,850 | 39.31% | 27 | 0.37% | 5 | 0.07% | 1,518 | 20.94% | 7,250 |
| Hood | 7,400 | 63.16% | 4,255 | 36.32% | 55 | 0.47% | 6 | 0.05% | 3,145 | 26.84% | 11,716 |
| Hopkins | 5,133 | 50.61% | 4,984 | 49.14% | 25 | 0.25% | 0 | 0.00% | 149 | 1.47% | 10,142 |
| Houston | 3,882 | 50.00% | 3,846 | 49.54% | 30 | 0.39% | 6 | 0.08% | 36 | 0.46% | 7,764 |
| Howard | 6,024 | 57.28% | 4,445 | 42.26% | 41 | 0.39% | 7 | 0.07% | 1,579 | 15.01% | 10,517 |
| Hudspeth | 405 | 49.63% | 406 | 49.75% | 4 | 0.49% | 1 | 0.12% | -1 | -0.12% | 816 |
| Hunt | 12,331 | 58.06% | 8,820 | 41.53% | 79 | 0.37% | 8 | 0.04% | 3,511 | 16.53% | 21,238 |
| Hutchinson | 7,526 | 71.50% | 2,950 | 28.03% | 43 | 0.41% | 7 | 0.07% | 4,576 | 43.47% | 10,526 |
| Irion | 539 | 62.17% | 326 | 37.60% | 1 | 0.12% | 1 | 0.12% | 213 | 24.57% | 867 |
| Jack | 1,542 | 50.16% | 1,521 | 49.48% | 11 | 0.36% | 0 | 0.00% | 21 | 0.68% | 3,074 |
| Jackson | 2,954 | 57.75% | 2,141 | 41.86% | 18 | 0.35% | 2 | 0.04% | 813 | 15.89% | 5,115 |
| Jasper | 4,985 | 42.87% | 6,613 | 56.87% | 28 | 0.24% | 3 | 0.03% | -1,628 | -14.00% | 11,629 |
| Jeff Davis | 524 | 60.23% | 325 | 37.36% | 19 | 2.18% | 2 | 0.23% | 199 | 22.87% | 870 |
| Jefferson | 35,754 | 38.99% | 55,649 | 60.69% | 209 | 0.23% | 81 | 0.09% | -19,895 | -21.70% | 91,693 |
| Jim Hogg | 510 | 23.80% | 1,630 | 76.06% | 2 | 0.09% | 1 | 0.05% | -1,120 | -52.26% | 2,143 |
| Jim Wells | 4,335 | 33.64% | 8,495 | 65.92% | 42 | 0.33% | 14 | 0.11% | -4,160 | -32.28% | 12,886 |
| Johnson | 17,509 | 58.03% | 12,507 | 41.45% | 139 | 0.46% | 16 | 0.05% | 5,002 | 16.58% | 30,171 |
| Jones | 3,000 | 50.71% | 2,898 | 48.99% | 17 | 0.29% | 1 | 0.02% | 102 | 1.72% | 5,916 |
| Karnes | 2,383 | 48.31% | 2,529 | 51.27% | 18 | 0.36% | 3 | 0.06% | -146 | -2.96% | 4,933 |
| Kaufman | 8,466 | 53.19% | 7,358 | 46.23% | 72 | 0.45% | 20 | 0.13% | 1,108 | 6.96% | 15,916 |
| Kendall | 4,875 | 76.20% | 1,446 | 22.60% | 75 | 1.17% | 2 | 0.03% | 3,429 | 53.59% | 6,398 |
| Kenedy | 76 | 38.78% | 119 | 60.71% | 1 | 0.51% | 0 | 0.00% | -43 | -21.94% | 196 |
| Kent | 274 | 40.65% | 398 | 59.05% | 1 | 0.15% | 1 | 0.15% | -124 | -18.40% | 674 |
| Kerr | 11,207 | 75.03% | 3,587 | 24.01% | 139 | 0.93% | 4 | 0.03% | 7,620 | 51.01% | 14,937 |
| Kimble | 1,061 | 65.62% | 551 | 34.08% | 4 | 0.25% | 1 | 0.06% | 510 | 31.54% | 1,617 |
| King | 111 | 63.43% | 64 | 36.57% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 47 | 26.86% | 175 |
| Kinney | 771 | 53.17% | 669 | 46.14% | 8 | 0.55% | 2 | 0.14% | 102 | 7.03% | 1,450 |
| Kleberg | 4,443 | 44.67% | 5,367 | 53.96% | 132 | 1.33% | 4 | 0.04% | -924 | -9.29% | 9,946 |
| Knox | 765 | 42.93% | 1,013 | 56.85% | 3 | 0.17% | 1 | 0.06% | -248 | -13.92% | 1,782 |
| Lamar | 8,021 | 51.42% | 7,553 | 48.42% | 21 | 0.13% | 3 | 0.02% | 468 | 3.00% | 15,598 |
| Lamb | 3,064 | 57.64% | 2,230 | 41.95% | 17 | 0.32% | 5 | 0.09% | 834 | 15.69% | 5,316 |
| Lampasas | 3,000 | 60.41% | 1,954 | 39.35% | 6 | 0.12% | 6 | 0.12% | 1,046 | 21.06% | 4,966 |
| La Salle | 693 | 29.46% | 1,651 | 70.20% | 6 | 0.26% | 2 | 0.09% | -958 | -40.73% | 2,352 |
| Lavaca | 4,377 | 54.97% | 3,531 | 44.35% | 52 | 0.65% | 2 | 0.03% | 846 | 10.63% | 7,962 |
| Lee | 2,513 | 49.60% | 2,527 | 49.87% | 23 | 0.45% | 4 | 0.08% | -14 | -0.28% | 5,067 |
| Leon | 2,778 | 54.31% | 2,316 | 45.28% | 21 | 0.41% | 0 | 0.00% | 462 | 9.03% | 5,115 |
| Liberty | 8,524 | 50.22% | 8,343 | 49.15% | 95 | 0.56% | 11 | 0.06% | 181 | 1.07% | 16,973 |
| Limestone | 3,257 | 48.16% | 3,476 | 51.40% | 28 | 0.41% | 2 | 0.03% | -219 | -3.24% | 6,763 |
| Lipscomb | 1,111 | 74.12% | 377 | 25.15% | 10 | 0.67% | 1 | 0.07% | 734 | 48.97% | 1,499 |
| Live Oak | 2,277 | 58.69% | 1,573 | 40.54% | 29 | 0.75% | 1 | 0.03% | 704 | 18.14% | 3,880 |
| Llano | 3,550 | 57.24% | 2,629 | 42.39% | 21 | 0.34% | 2 | 0.03% | 921 | 14.85% | 6,202 |
| Loving | 54 | 70.13% | 23 | 29.87% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 31 | 40.26% | 77 |
| Lubbock | 50,760 | 69.26% | 22,202 | 30.29% | 269 | 0.37% | 61 | 0.08% | 28,558 | 38.96% | 73,292 |
| Lynn | 1,279 | 54.03% | 1,086 | 45.88% | 2 | 0.08% | 0 | 0.00% | 193 | 8.15% | 2,367 |
| Madison | 1,896 | 50.60% | 1,835 | 48.97% | 16 | 0.43% | 0 | 0.00% | 61 | 1.63% | 3,747 |
| Marion | 1,857 | 44.97% | 2,255 | 54.61% | 16 | 0.39% | 1 | 0.02% | -398 | -9.64% | 4,129 |
| Martin | 1,017 | 61.60% | 632 | 38.28% | 2 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 385 | 23.32% | 1,651 |
| Mason | 975 | 58.91% | 671 | 40.54% | 9 | 0.54% | 0 | 0.00% | 304 | 18.37% | 1,655 |
| Matagorda | 6,787 | 54.01% | 5,675 | 45.16% | 92 | 0.73% | 12 | 0.10% | 1,112 | 8.85% | 12,566 |
| Maverick | 1,592 | 26.52% | 4,395 | 73.21% | 10 | 0.17% | 6 | 0.10% | -2,803 | -46.69% | 6,003 |
| McCulloch | 1,618 | 49.13% | 1,665 | 50.56% | 10 | 0.30% | 0 | 0.00% | -47 | -1.43% | 3,293 |
| McLennan | 38,606 | 58.12% | 27,545 | 41.47% | 220 | 0.33% | 52 | 0.08% | 11,061 | 16.65% | 66,423 |
| McMullen | 302 | 75.88% | 94 | 23.62% | 2 | 0.50% | 0 | 0.00% | 208 | 52.26% | 398 |
| Medina | 5,722 | 57.05% | 4,227 | 42.15% | 75 | 0.75% | 5 | 0.05% | 1,495 | 14.91% | 10,029 |
| Menard | 552 | 47.14% | 614 | 52.43% | 5 | 0.43% | 0 | 0.00% | -62 | -5.29% | 1,171 |
| Midland | 30,618 | 77.86% | 8,487 | 21.58% | 209 | 0.53% | 12 | 0.03% | 22,131 | 56.28% | 39,326 |
| Milam | 3,512 | 41.83% | 4,865 | 57.94% | 17 | 0.20% | 2 | 0.02% | -1,353 | -16.11% | 8,396 |
| Mills | 1,043 | 55.24% | 842 | 44.60% | 3 | 0.16% | 0 | 0.00% | 201 | 10.65% | 1,888 |
| Mitchell | 1,596 | 47.27% | 1,773 | 52.52% | 2 | 0.06% | 5 | 0.15% | -177 | -5.24% | 3,376 |
| Montague | 3,475 | 48.36% | 3,689 | 51.34% | 19 | 0.26% | 3 | 0.04% | -214 | -2.98% | 7,186 |
| Montgomery | 40,360 | 68.24% | 18,394 | 31.10% | 354 | 0.60% | 38 | 0.06% | 21,966 | 37.14% | 59,146 |
| Moore | 3,710 | 70.25% | 1,537 | 29.10% | 21 | 0.40% | 13 | 0.25% | 2,173 | 41.15% | 5,281 |
| Morris | 2,104 | 37.37% | 3,522 | 62.56% | 3 | 0.05% | 1 | 0.02% | -1,418 | -25.19% | 5,630 |
| Motley | 429 | 61.99% | 262 | 37.86% | 1 | 0.14% | 0 | 0.00% | 167 | 24.13% | 692 |
| Nacogdoches | 11,767 | 62.32% | 6,886 | 36.47% | 211 | 1.12% | 19 | 0.10% | 4,881 | 25.85% | 18,883 |
| Navarro | 6,445 | 48.71% | 6,749 | 51.01% | 34 | 0.26% | 4 | 0.03% | -304 | -2.30% | 13,232 |
| Newton | 1,659 | 31.25% | 3,640 | 68.56% | 6 | 0.11% | 4 | 0.08% | -1,981 | -37.31% | 5,309 |
| Nolan | 2,734 | 48.74% | 2,853 | 50.86% | 19 | 0.34% | 3 | 0.05% | -119 | -2.12% | 5,609 |
| Nueces | 46,337 | 48.30% | 49,209 | 51.30% | 293 | 0.31% | 93 | 0.10% | -2,872 | -2.99% | 95,932 |
| Ochiltree | 2,928 | 83.25% | 579 | 16.46% | 8 | 0.23% | 2 | 0.06% | 2,349 | 66.79% | 3,517 |
| Oldham | 691 | 68.82% | 303 | 30.18% | 9 | 0.90% | 1 | 0.10% | 388 | 38.65% | 1,004 |
| Orange | 11,959 | 39.99% | 17,834 | 59.63% | 100 | 0.33% | 15 | 0.05% | -5,875 | -19.64% | 29,908 |
| Palo Pinto | 4,649 | 53.85% | 3,930 | 45.52% | 47 | 0.54% | 8 | 0.09% | 719 | 8.33% | 8,634 |
| Panola | 4,642 | 52.87% | 4,123 | 46.96% | 13 | 0.15% | 2 | 0.02% | 519 | 5.91% | 8,780 |
| Parker | 14,090 | 62.01% | 8,517 | 37.48% | 103 | 0.45% | 13 | 0.06% | 5,573 | 24.53% | 22,723 |
| Parmer | 2,061 | 72.60% | 764 | 26.91% | 12 | 0.42% | 2 | 0.07% | 1,297 | 45.69% | 2,839 |
| Pecos | 2,483 | 55.67% | 1,960 | 43.95% | 13 | 0.29% | 4 | 0.09% | 523 | 11.73% | 4,460 |
| Polk | 5,831 | 48.88% | 5,943 | 49.82% | 145 | 1.22% | 10 | 0.08% | -112 | -0.94% | 11,929 |
| Potter | 16,400 | 62.76% | 9,563 | 36.60% | 147 | 0.56% | 21 | 0.08% | 6,837 | 26.16% | 26,131 |
| Presidio | 586 | 33.09% | 1,176 | 66.40% | 7 | 0.40% | 2 | 0.11% | -590 | -33.31% | 1,771 |
| Rains | 1,281 | 46.82% | 1,448 | 52.92% | 4 | 0.15% | 3 | 0.11% | -167 | -6.10% | 2,736 |
| Randall | 27,986 | 76.33% | 8,492 | 23.16% | 173 | 0.47% | 15 | 0.04% | 19,494 | 53.17% | 36,666 |
| Reagan | 935 | 69.00% | 418 | 30.85% | 2 | 0.15% | 0 | 0.00% | 517 | 38.15% | 1,355 |
| Real | 795 | 61.58% | 483 | 37.41% | 11 | 0.85% | 2 | 0.15% | 312 | 24.17% | 1,291 |
| Red River | 2,475 | 43.79% | 3,165 | 56.00% | 11 | 0.19% | 1 | 0.02% | -690 | -12.21% | 5,652 |
| Reeves | 1,724 | 37.86% | 2,812 | 61.75% | 9 | 0.20% | 9 | 0.20% | -1,088 | -23.89% | 4,554 |
| Refugio | 1,883 | 50.56% | 1,831 | 49.17% | 8 | 0.21% | 2 | 0.05% | 52 | 1.40% | 3,724 |
| Roberts | 441 | 75.90% | 135 | 23.24% | 5 | 0.86% | 0 | 0.00% | 306 | 52.67% | 581 |
| Robertson | 2,184 | 37.45% | 3,630 | 62.24% | 16 | 0.27% | 2 | 0.03% | -1,446 | -24.79% | 5,832 |
| Rockwall | 7,214 | 72.58% | 2,659 | 26.75% | 60 | 0.60% | 6 | 0.06% | 4,555 | 45.83% | 9,939 |
| Runnels | 2,417 | 58.28% | 1,720 | 41.48% | 9 | 0.22% | 1 | 0.02% | 697 | 16.81% | 4,147 |
| Rusk | 9,117 | 63.70% | 5,140 | 35.91% | 49 | 0.34% | 7 | 0.05% | 3,977 | 27.79% | 14,313 |
| Sabine | 1,925 | 48.28% | 2,053 | 51.49% | 9 | 0.23% | 0 | 0.00% | -128 | -3.21% | 3,987 |
| San Augustine | 1,946 | 47.65% | 2,118 | 51.86% | 9 | 0.22% | 11 | 0.27% | -172 | -4.21% | 4,084 |
| San Jacinto | 2,691 | 47.31% | 2,972 | 52.25% | 25 | 0.44% | 0 | 0.00% | -281 | -4.94% | 5,688 |
| San Patricio | 9,159 | 47.07% | 9,920 | 50.98% | 355 | 1.82% | 24 | 0.12% | -761 | -3.91% | 19,458 |
| San Saba | 1,099 | 48.27% | 1,165 | 51.16% | 12 | 0.53% | 1 | 0.04% | -66 | -2.90% | 2,277 |
| Schleicher | 653 | 56.44% | 494 | 42.70% | 7 | 0.61% | 3 | 0.26% | 159 | 13.74% | 1,157 |
| Scurry | 3,749 | 63.61% | 2,119 | 35.95% | 24 | 0.41% | 2 | 0.03% | 1,630 | 27.66% | 5,894 |
| Shackelford | 865 | 55.66% | 681 | 43.82% | 8 | 0.51% | 0 | 0.00% | 184 | 11.84% | 1,554 |
| Shelby | 3,999 | 48.34% | 4,261 | 51.50% | 12 | 0.15% | 1 | 0.01% | -262 | -3.17% | 8,273 |
| Sherman | 1,145 | 76.38% | 340 | 22.68% | 12 | 0.80% | 2 | 0.13% | 805 | 53.70% | 1,499 |
| Smith | 34,658 | 64.67% | 18,719 | 34.93% | 184 | 0.34% | 31 | 0.06% | 15,939 | 29.74% | 53,592 |
| Somervell | 1,304 | 56.79% | 983 | 42.81% | 9 | 0.39% | 0 | 0.00% | 321 | 13.98% | 2,296 |
| Starr | 1,218 | 14.83% | 6,958 | 84.74% | 30 | 0.37% | 5 | 0.06% | -5,740 | -69.91% | 8,211 |
| Stephens | 2,342 | 60.45% | 1,519 | 39.21% | 12 | 0.31% | 1 | 0.03% | 823 | 21.24% | 3,874 |
| Sterling | 464 | 70.73% | 188 | 28.66% | 3 | 0.46% | 1 | 0.15% | 276 | 42.07% | 656 |
| Stonewall | 421 | 36.70% | 724 | 63.12% | 1 | 0.09% | 1 | 0.09% | -303 | -26.42% | 1,147 |
| Sutton | 996 | 63.44% | 571 | 36.37% | 2 | 0.13% | 1 | 0.06% | 425 | 27.07% | 1,570 |
| Swisher | 1,271 | 39.98% | 1,893 | 59.55% | 15 | 0.47% | 0 | 0.00% | -622 | -19.57% | 3,179 |
| Tarrant | 242,660 | 61.24% | 151,310 | 38.19% | 1,797 | 0.45% | 470 | 0.12% | 91,350 | 23.05% | 396,237 |
| Taylor | 28,563 | 67.97% | 13,073 | 31.11% | 357 | 0.85% | 31 | 0.07% | 15,490 | 36.86% | 42,024 |
| Terrell | 296 | 42.96% | 390 | 56.60% | 2 | 0.29% | 1 | 0.15% | -94 | -13.64% | 689 |
| Terry | 2,645 | 57.50% | 1,941 | 42.20% | 13 | 0.28% | 1 | 0.02% | 704 | 15.30% | 4,600 |
| Throckmorton | 455 | 45.59% | 534 | 53.51% | 8 | 0.80% | 1 | 0.10% | -79 | -7.92% | 998 |
| Titus | 4,247 | 49.27% | 4,357 | 50.55% | 15 | 0.17% | 1 | 0.01% | -110 | -1.28% | 8,620 |
| Tom Green | 21,463 | 63.10% | 12,283 | 36.11% | 229 | 0.67% | 37 | 0.11% | 9,180 | 26.99% | 34,012 |
| Travis | 105,915 | 44.86% | 127,783 | 54.13% | 1,777 | 0.75% | 609 | 0.26% | -21,868 | -9.26% | 236,084 |
| Trinity | 2,448 | 47.65% | 2,657 | 51.72% | 30 | 0.58% | 2 | 0.04% | -209 | -4.07% | 5,137 |
| Tyler | 3,070 | 42.10% | 4,198 | 57.57% | 23 | 0.32% | 1 | 0.01% | -1,128 | -15.47% | 7,292 |
| Upshur | 5,991 | 53.18% | 5,242 | 46.53% | 30 | 0.27% | 2 | 0.02% | 749 | 6.65% | 11,265 |
| Upton | 1,189 | 68.33% | 544 | 31.26% | 4 | 0.23% | 3 | 0.17% | 645 | 37.07% | 1,740 |
| Uvalde | 4,266 | 53.32% | 3,684 | 46.04% | 44 | 0.55% | 7 | 0.09% | 582 | 7.27% | 8,001 |
| Val Verde | 5,109 | 50.03% | 5,044 | 49.40% | 50 | 0.49% | 8 | 0.08% | 65 | 0.64% | 10,211 |
| Van Zandt | 7,371 | 54.36% | 6,153 | 45.38% | 33 | 0.24% | 2 | 0.01% | 1,218 | 8.98% | 13,559 |
| Victoria | 15,056 | 62.08% | 8,923 | 36.79% | 247 | 1.02% | 27 | 0.11% | 6,133 | 25.29% | 24,253 |
| Walker | 8,473 | 58.88% | 5,826 | 40.48% | 82 | 0.57% | 10 | 0.07% | 2,647 | 18.39% | 14,391 |
| Waller | 3,607 | 47.31% | 3,957 | 51.90% | 50 | 0.66% | 10 | 0.13% | -350 | -4.59% | 7,624 |
| Ward | 2,709 | 59.02% | 1,858 | 40.48% | 19 | 0.41% | 4 | 0.09% | 851 | 18.54% | 4,590 |
| Washington | 6,041 | 66.85% | 2,960 | 32.75% | 31 | 0.34% | 5 | 0.06% | 3,081 | 34.09% | 9,037 |
| Webb | 7,528 | 31.59% | 16,227 | 68.09% | 43 | 0.18% | 34 | 0.14% | -8,699 | -36.50% | 23,832 |
| Wharton | 6,978 | 53.71% | 5,935 | 45.69% | 65 | 0.50% | 13 | 0.10% | 1,043 | 8.03% | 12,991 |
| Wheeler | 1,703 | 61.33% | 1,067 | 38.42% | 7 | 0.25% | 0 | 0.00% | 636 | 22.90% | 2,777 |
| Wichita | 23,324 | 56.08% | 17,956 | 43.17% | 262 | 0.63% | 48 | 0.12% | 5,368 | 12.91% | 41,590 |
| Wilbarger | 2,669 | 54.15% | 2,248 | 45.61% | 12 | 0.24% | 0 | 0.00% | 421 | 8.54% | 4,929 |
| Willacy | 1,750 | 35.43% | 3,165 | 64.07% | 21 | 0.43% | 4 | 0.08% | -1,415 | -28.64% | 4,940 |
| Williamson | 27,322 | 57.85% | 19,589 | 41.48% | 267 | 0.57% | 52 | 0.11% | 7,733 | 16.37% | 47,230 |
| Wilson | 4,436 | 52.65% | 3,953 | 46.92% | 32 | 0.38% | 4 | 0.05% | 483 | 5.73% | 8,425 |
| Winkler | 1,656 | 63.42% | 947 | 36.27% | 7 | 0.27% | 1 | 0.04% | 709 | 27.15% | 2,611 |
| Wise | 6,064 | 53.22% | 5,288 | 46.41% | 38 | 0.33% | 5 | 0.04% | 776 | 6.81% | 11,395 |
| Wood | 6,216 | 54.69% | 4,553 | 40.06% | 33 | 0.29% | 564 | 4.96% | 1,663 | 14.63% | 11,366 |
| Yoakum | 1,762 | 70.28% | 727 | 29.00% | 16 | 0.64% | 2 | 0.08% | 1,035 | 41.28% | 2,507 |
| Young | 4,156 | 57.78% | 3,007 | 41.80% | 28 | 0.39% | 2 | 0.03% | 1,149 | 15.97% | 7,193 |
| Zapata | 958 | 30.56% | 2,171 | 69.25% | 5 | 0.16% | 1 | 0.03% | -1,213 | -38.69% | 3,135 |
| Zavala | 628 | 15.81% | 3,338 | 84.02% | 7 | 0.18% | 0 | 0.00% | -2,710 | -68.21% | 3,973 |
| Totals | 3,036,829 | 55.95% | 2,352,748 | 43.35% | 30,455[lower-alpha 1] | 0.56% | 7,378 | 0.14% | 684,081 | 12.60% | 5,427,410 |
See also
Notes
- The figure given in Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas is 30,355, but this figure is the sum of all the county votes for Paul.[6]
- Some of these votes may not have been included by county.
References
- https://www.sos.state.tx.us/elections/historical/70-92.shtml
- "1988 Presidential General election Results – Texas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
- Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas; 1988 Presidential Election Statistics
- Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
- Sentinel, Walter Manley II, Special to The. "NATION'S FATE RESTS WITH 7 STATES THE VOTE OF THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE IS THE ONLY ONE THAT COUNTS". OrlandoSentinel.com. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
- Our Campaigns; TX US President Race, November 08, 1988
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